Advanced Electron Beam (EB) Wastewater Treatment System with Low Background X-ray Intensity Generation

Electron beam wastewater treatment is a very effective method for the destruction of organic and microbiological pollutants. The technology was implemented for municipal and textile industry wastewater treatment. Availability of electron accelerators characterized with different operation parameters make the technology applicable for different end-users and also for installation in confined spaces. In such a case, the design of wastewater irradiation room has to take into account the limited space available for shielding construction, which must restrict X-ray emission. Considering construction of an irradiation room for water treatment facility, it is important to focus not only on a stream formation for irradiation to achieve the desired electron penetration, but also on the reduction in x-ray generation. In the presented work, the X-ray field was tested, using modelling and experimental methods. The final results gave an advanced solution, which can be used in the installation of wastewater treatment, ballast and other types of origin, providing low cost shield and good radiation protection measures.

Efficiency of Air Purifiers at Removing Air Pollutants in Educational Facilities: A Preliminary Study

Infectious diseases caused by airborne bacteria and viruses are a major problem for both social and economic reasons. The significance of this phenomenon is particularly noticeable during the time of the coronavirus pandemic. One of the consequences is the increased interest in the air purifier (AP) market, which resulted in a significant increase in sales of these devices. In this study, we tested the efficiency of APs in removing bacterial air contamination in the educational context in the Upper Silesia region of Poland during the “cold season” of 2018/2019. During the 6 months of measuring microbiological air quality, an 18% decrease in the concentration of microbiological pollutants as a result of the action of the APs was recorded. Additionally, the results of the particle size distribution of the bacterial aerosols showed a reduction in the share of the respirable fraction (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 3.3 µm) by an average of 20%. The dominance of gram-positive cocci in the indoor environment indicates that humans are the main source of most of the bacteria present in the building. We conclude that the use of APs may significantly decrease the level of concentration of microbiological air pollutants and reduce the negative health effects of indoor bioaerosols; however, further work that documents this phenomenon is needed.

Polymeric Geomembranes Used in Municipal Waste Facilities

This research aims to establish the behaviour of geomembranes used for base sealing and for covering municipal waste facilities. The geomembranes used for base sealing are subjected to leachate pressure and to the action of chemical and microbiological pollutants. Geomembranes used for covering waste facilities are subjected to the action of precipitation water and released gases. This paper analyzes the following: the permeability mechanism of geomembranes made of polymers, the process of water vapours diffusion through polymers, diffusion flow, characteristic of permeability and influencing factors. The study also presents data on the permeability of some polymers - the most commonly used in the structure of geomembranes used in household waste facilities - as well as some of the results of ongoing research on the behaviour of high density polyethylene geomembranes in contact with the waste facilities� leachate. Diffusion was determined by measuring the weight of the vessel (water loss) daily for 30 days. The polymer influences the permeability and diffusion through the molecular and intermolecular chemical structure, the packing density, the degree of crystallinity, the crosslinking density and through the flexibility of the macromolecular chains. The results show that the permeability of polymeric geomembranes is comparable to that of a microporous material (cement stone, bentonite).

Possibility on Contamination of Upper MUSI Ground Water for Flow Water at River End

The musi river historically provided farmers downstream of hyderabad with irrigation water for the cultivation of paddy for the duration of and after the monsoon rains. Through the construction of weirs, river water is retained in large and small reservoirs on the river from wherein it is diverted thru irrigation canals to village tanks and agricultural fields. This paper focuses on the sample description and corrective requirements after the survey samples at unique black points alongside musi. The presence heavy metals and microbiological pollutants have made the groundwater dangerous for consuming at diverse places in hyderabad. It has also proved that there is large issue of city groundwater recharge in this region. The internet urban recharge factor of groundwater in this region changed into anticipated to be about 567. 51 mm/a and natural recharge element turned into observed to be 52. 78 mm/a. The combination of tools carried out, the outcomes received and the recommendations provided in this have a look at will be helpful for neighborhood planners and selection makers to shield and restore the water assets on this location. The existing work also makes a speciality of the scope of infection by float water immersion at 2d part of musi river in ground as nicely agriculture. The consequences taken into consideration from 2017 june to may additionally 2019 for the actual identifications, the parameters are y18 and y19 for graphical enter.

The role of reclaimed water for crop irrigation in southeast Spain

Water shortages have led to measures such as the implementation of reclaimed water (RW) for irrigation in order to sustain agriculture. Waste water requires treatment to become a safe water resource for irrigation. This paper presents an analytical study on the use of RW for irrigation in the southeast of Spain, identifying its strengths and current limitations. It includes official data from 13 waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) belonging to two coastal irrigation districts in the Region of Murcia. The content of essential nutrients in some RWs might allow them to supply a large fraction of the fertilizers required by the crops, thus saving energy and reducing the cost of fertilization. However, the accumulation of chloride, sodium, and boron could damage soils and cause phytotoxicity to crops in the mid-term, reducing yields. Microbiological pollutants in the RW could also endanger human health and hence waste water treatment is required. In the selected WWTPs, all effluents met the minimum requirements established in Water Quality 2.3 by the Royal Decree 1620/2007 and also with the European Classes B and C proposed by COM[2018] 337. Blending RW and other water resources of better quality is recommended for the sustainable use of RW for irrigation.