scholarly journals A Real-World Study on Myopia Control 6 Months After Withdrawal of 1% Atropine Eye Gel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Chun Tang ◽  
Kaidi Xiang ◽  
Lipu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Group 16 ◽  
Rebound Increase ◽  
Myopia Control

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to observe the changes in spherical equivalent and ocular axial length 6 months after withdrawal of 1% atropine eye gel.Methods: Due to COVID-19, the follow-up of patients in our optometric clinic who were undergoing myopia control treatment with a dropwise 1% atropine “5+3” regimen was interrupted. No return visit was made after the 3 months of at-home treatment, and follow-ups resumed 6 months after treatment withdrawal. The contralateral eye was not treated over the 9-month period. A total of 16 patients aged 11.5 years (average) were enrolled from November 2019 to March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The treated eyes formed a treatment group (16 eyes) and the contralateral eyes formed a control group (16 eyes). The changes in spherical equivalent, ocular axial length, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were compared between groups. Results: After 9 months, the changes in spherical equivalent were significantly less in the treatment group (0.00 ± 0.20 [D]) compared to the control group (-0.67 ± 0.25 [D]) (P<0.05). The ocular axial length changes were significantly less in the treatment group (0.00 ± 0.06 mm) compared to the control group (0.25 ± 0.11 mm) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups for changes in IOP. Conclusions: Despite treatment withdrawal after 3 months, treatment with 1% atropine eye gel successfully controlled myopia progression in the 6 months after withdrawal, as evidence by no rebound increase in myopic spherical equivalent after the withdrawal.

Topical atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in children with myopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahman Mohammad Alam ◽  
Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to observe the effect of atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in 36 myopic children (atropine group, 24; control, 12). The initial spherical equivalent of the atropine group and control group was -3.0 ± 1.6 dioptre and -3.5 ± 1.6 dioptre respectively. At the 12th month in atropine group, it was -2.9 ± 2.6 dioptre and -4.6 ± 1.9 dioptre in the control group. The power of the atropine group reduced but rose in the control group after 12 months. There was a statistically significant difference in final refractive errors between the two groups (p<0.05). The initial axial length of the atropine group and control group was 24.3± 1.0 mm and 24.6 ± 1.1 mm respectively. In 12th month, the changes in axial length in the two groups was insignificant. However, the mean axial length progression at 12 months of the atropine group was -0.1 ± 0.1 mm and it was lower than the control group which was -0.2 ± 0.2 mm, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, topical atropine (0.01%) retarded myopia progre-ssion and axial length growth in myopic children.    

Axial Length and White to White Corneal Diameter in Eyes with Keratoconus

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia Talaat Abd elwahab ◽  
Dina Ezzat Mansour ◽  
Maged Maher Salib Roshdy ◽  
Ahmed Taha Ismail ◽  
Omnia Talaat Abd elwahab
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Lens Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Diameter

Abstract Objective To study the axial length (AL) and white to white (WTW) corneal diameter in keratoconus (KC) eyes and compare them to normal eyes. Methods Sixty-three eyes of 53 patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study divided into KC group comprised of 28 eyes of 18 patients and control group comprised of 35 eyes of 35 patients based on clinical and tomographic findings. All subjects were examined using rotating Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Pentacam HR; Oculyzer II) for central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), keratometric values, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness, and by optical biometry (IOLMaster 500) for axial length (AL) measurements. Vitreous cavity length (VCL) was calculated by subtracting the values of CCT, ACD (internal), and lens thickness from the AL. White to white (WTW) corneal diameter was measured using Placido-based tomography (Topolyzer VARIO). Results The mean age was 31.27±8.65 years(30.39 ± 9.31) in the KC group and .(31.74 ± 8.38) in the non KC group. The KC group included 28 eyes their mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -3.16 ± 2.42 and the control group 35 healthy eyes including 23 ametropic eyes with mean spherical equivalent (SE) (-3.95±4.50 D) and 12 emmetropic eyes with mean SE (-0.19±0.40 D). The mean VCL was significantly greater in normal eyes (17.45 ±1.34 mm) compared with KC (16.77±1.18 mm) (P = 0.037), while the mean ACD (internal) was significantly greater in KC eyes compared to normal (P = 0.020) and the lens thickness showed no statistically significant difference. The greater VCL in the normal group was compensated by the greater ACD in the KC group causing the total AL to have no statistically significant difference (normal eyes =24.44 ±1.38 mm and KC eyes= 24.21 ±1.31 mm) (P = 0.513). There was no statistically significant difference in the WTW corneal diameter between KC and normal eyes (11.81 ±0.35 mm in the normal group compared to 11.79 ±0.35 mm in the KC group) (P = 0.835). Conclusion VCL was significantly greater in normal eyes compared with those eyes with KC. AL and WTW showed no difference between the two groups.

scholarly journals Spectacle Lenses With Slightly Aspherical Lenslets for Myopia Control: Clinical Trial Design and Baseline Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Chen ◽  
Ran Zhuo ◽  
Jiayan Chen ◽  
Adeline Yang ◽  
Ee Woon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Single Vision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myopia Control

Abstract Objectives: Myopia is a major public health problem and it is essential to find safe and effective means to control its progression. The study design and baseline data are presented for a one-year prospective, double-masked, cross-over, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of single vision spectacle lenses with concentric rings of slightly aspherical contiguous lenslets technology (SAL) on myopia control. Methods: One hundred 8- to 13-year old Chinese children with a refractive error of -0.75 D to -4.75 D were assigned into two groups. In Group 1, SAL then single vision lenses were each worn for 6 months, and Group 2 wore the lenses in the reversed order. Primary outcomes are axial length and spherical equivalent of cycloplegic refractive error. Secondary outcomes include corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, visual acuity, and lens adaptation.Results: No significant differences in baseline parameters (cycloplegic spherical equivalent, axial length, age) were found between groups (0.49 < p < 0.94). All children adapted well to the test lenses and there was no significant difference in visual acuity between the SAL and single vision lenses (p = 0.27).Conclusions: The children in the two well balanced groups had comparable visual acuity and adapted well to the test lenses. These results imply the visual acuity can be well improved by SAL lens. Clear visual acuity provide the assurance for good compliance in this longitudinal study.

Effects of Audience Response Systems on Student Achievement and Long-Term Retention

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Audience Response Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response Systems

The effects of audience response systems (ARS) on students' academic success and their perceptions of ARS were examined in this study. Participants, comprising 44 undergraduate students, were randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. The course design was the same for both groups and the instructor prepared the multiple-choice questions in advance; students in the control group responded to these questions verbally whereas the treatment group used ARS. Two paper-based examinations were used to measure the learning of concepts and skills that were taught. Students' perceptions of ARS were collected via a questionnaire. Results showed that ARS usage has a significant learning achievement effect in the first 4 weeks but not at the end of the second 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in retention between either group. Students perceived the ARS tool positively, finding it very enjoyable and useful.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

Effectiveness of sustained natural apophyseal glides in females with cervicogenic headache: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Nosheen Manzoor ◽  
Rimsha Safdar ◽  
Hafsa Khan ◽  
Maryam Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Head Positioning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Disability

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a common condition that results in significant disability. To treat this dysfunction, Mulligan described sustained natural apophyseal gliders (SNAGs) as a manual therapy approach. However, only inconclusive short-term evidence exists for treating CGH with SNAGs. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the effect of SNAGs in the treatment of CGH. METHODS: Fourty female patients ranging from 20 to 40 years with CGH were randomly assigned to two groups: 20 in a treatment group and 20 in a control group. SNAGs were applied to the treatment group while the control group received placebo treatment. Both groups received their respective treatment for 20 minutes, alternately three times per week, for a total of 12 times in four weeks. The outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of each week. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Independent t-testing was used to reveal changes between groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine changes within groups. The level of significance was P< 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty participants (100%) in the treatment group and 17 (85%) in the control group had a history of headache aggravation with active movements or passive head positioning. There was no significant difference at baseline (p> 0.05), indicating that both groups were homogeneous at the time of recruitment. The p value (p< 0.05) showed a significant difference in pain and level of disability at three and four weeks (p< 0.05) in patients treated with SNAGs. However, the cervical range of motion (ROM) showed a statistically significant improvement in flexion and extension in the treatment group (p< 0.05) while there was no significant improvement in side flexion and rotation ROM in both groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that SNAGs were effective in reducing pain and neck disability and improved ROM in females with CGH.

Therapeutic Effect of Changqiang Acupoint Injection on Children with Functional Fecal Incontinence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changying Yi ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Meili Fan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incontinence Score ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Stool Incontinence ◽  
Acupoint Injection ◽  
Significant Difference

<B>Objective:</B> Functional fecal incontinence in children (FFIC), also known as functional fecal disorder in children, is a type of childhood diseases characterized by excretory dysfunction. In the study, we observed the clinical effect of Changqiang acupoint injection on functional fecal incontinence in children (FFIC) by randomized controlled clinical trials. <BR><B>Materials and methods:</B> 140 children with functional fecal incontinence who met the screening criteria were respectively assigned into the treatment group (100 cases) and the control group (40 cases) according to the completely randomized controlled design. In the treatment group, Chuankezhi injection was administrated at the Changqiang acupoint once a week for three weeks (one course of treatment). In contrast, the subjects in the control group was instructed to receive sphincter exercise and defecation training, followed by an assessment on the therapeutic efficacy after one course of treatment. <BR><B>Results:</B> The overall response rate of the two groups was 93.00% (93/100) and 57.50% (23/40), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The treatment group showed a performance superior to the control group based on the Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence Score System (CCF-FI)—dry stool incontinence, liquid incontinence, gas incontinence, lifestyle change, necessity of using pads or antidiarrheals, the ability to delay defecation, and the total score. The inter-group comparison revealed a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). <BR><B>Conclusion:</B>Changqiang acupoint injection has significant curative effect on FFIC as demonstrated by significant relief in the symptoms associated with fecal incontinence, and thus is considered as a useful approach to be widely applied in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effects of Mangosteen pericarp Extract to Clinical Improvements, The Plasma Level of IL-6 and Malondialdehyde in Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Khilyatul Baroroh ◽  
Suradi Suradi ◽  
Ade Rima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Amplification of inflammation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in the airways, pulmonary and systemic circulation that are characterized by increased plasma level of IL-6 and MDA, resulting in worsening of clinical symptoms. Xanthones in mangosteen pericarp have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially as an adjuntive therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract to clinical improvements, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA of acute exacerbation COPD patients. A clinical trial of experimental with pretest and posttest was conducted on 34 acute exacerbation of COPD patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Salatiga from April until May 2016. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling. Subjects were divided by randomized double blind technique into the treatment group (n=17) received mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day and control group (n = 17) received placebo. Clinical improvements were measured in CAT score and length of stay. CAT score, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA were measured on admission and at discharge. Length of stay based on the number of days of care in hospitals. Results: There was significant difference (p=0,011) towards decreased of IL-6 plasma level between treatment group (-2,17 ± 3,46 pg/ mL) and control group (+1,67 ± 6,81 pg/mL). There were no significant difference towards decreased of length of stay (p=0,34) between treatment group (4,12 ± 1,54 days) and control group (5,24 ± 2,49 days), towards decreased of CAT score (p=0,252) between treatment group (-19,18 ± 3,96) and control group (-18,24 ± 2,75), and towards decreased of MDA plasma level (p=0,986) between treatment group (+0,03 ± 0,36μmol/L) and control group (+0,35 ± 1,58). Conclusions: The addition of mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day during hospitalization was significantly lowered plasma levels of IL-6, but were not significant in lowering the CAT score, shortening the length of stay, and reducing the increase in plasma level of MDA.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Smart Kit in Enhancing Students’ Mathematical Process Skills and Achievement in Mathematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mathematical Achievement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mathematical Process

The utilization of teaching aids is crucial in enhancing students’ mathematical process skills. However, teachers give less accentuation on this aspect of usage which leads to students’ low competence in mathematical process skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a developed teaching aids, in particular, a Smart Kit in enhancing mathematical process skills and achievement among selected primary school students in Hulu Kinta, Perak. The experimental method was used in this study. Cluster sampling was used to select the samples. The samples were divided into two groups, the control and treatment groups which each consisted of 36 respondents. The treatment group was engaged with the developed Smart Kit while the students in the control group followed the conventional method of teaching and learning. Measurement and Geometry topics at primary school level were selected and students’ mathematical process skills were assessed based on Malaysia Assessment and Curriculum Standard Documents. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in problem solving, reasoning and connecting skills between the control group and the treatment group. Furthermore, the mathematical achievement of the treatment group was higher than the control group. In conclusion, the utilization of the developed Smart Kit enhanced students’ problem solving, reasoning and connecting skills, and improved mathematical achievement. In implicative insinuation, the use of the developed Smart Kit can help teachers and students in teaching and learning processes specifically on the topics of Measurement and Geometry.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kadar Glutation (GSH) Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Nur Insani ◽  
H.M.T Kamaluddin ◽  
Swanny Swanny
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bb Rat ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Glutathione (GSH) transferase deficiency due to paracetamol exposure causes further oxidative stress to liver necrosis. To reduce oxidative stress that can cause damage to the liver of the body requires antioxidants. One plant to treat liver disease is the kelor leaf (because it has an active flavonoid material also has antioxidant activity). This study was conducted to determine the difference of glutathione hepar levels of male white rat induced paracetamol toxic dose by giving kelor leaf extract. The type of research is experimental laboratory in vivo with rancagan randomized post test only control group design. With the stages as follows 1.Leaf Extract Kelor with Ethanol 96%, 2.Perpeteration of experimental animals, 3.Treatment of experimental animals by giving extract of 3-dose of kelor leaf that is KP I 250 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP II 500 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP III 1000 mg / 200 gr BB rat  for 14 days combined with paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat compared with the negative control group (group given only paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat) and control group positif only fed regular feed for 14 days). The result showed that there was a significant difference mean of GSH levels between all treatment groups obtained p = 0,000 (p <α) p values smaller than 0.05. There was the highest increase of GSH in treatment group II (142,7525 μmol / mg) and lowest dose of GSH in positive control group (57,1812 μmol / mg), dose paracetamol toxic dosage and kelor leaf extract 500 mg / gr BB rat can increase GSH hepar p = 0,000 (p <α) p less than 0 , 05. The conclusion of the test results showed that giving of kelor leaf extract at dose of treatment group II can increase GSH hepar level significantly

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