scholarly journals Dynamics of the Variability of Heat and Moisture Supply Indicators and Irrigation Norms in the Сonditions of the Astrakhan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Gennadii Olgarenko ◽  
Tatiana Kapustina
Keyword(s):  
Observation Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Balance Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

During the scientific researches, scientific and methodological recommendations have been developed for determining the irrigation norms of crops for years with different water balance deficit availability, including a method for assessing and zoning a territory according to the coefficient of natural heat and moisture supply (moisture index) Mi, calculation models for rationing irrigation taking into account territorial and temporal variability, irrigation requirements for main crops, differentiated by natural and climatic zones within the Astrakhan Region. Based on statistical research and mathematical analysis of the main climatic indicators - air temperature and precipitation, trends and the degree of change in these indicators were investigated and identified according to observation data, as well as rational ecologically balanced regimes of irrigation of crops in the Astrakhan Region were calculated. According to the research results, based on the developed methodology, net irrigation requirements (mm) were calculated for the main forage and vegetable crops in years of different humidity (supply), taking into account the climatic zones identified by the moisture index (Mi) in the Astrakhan Region.

PRODUCTIVITY OF PASTURAL HERBS WITH PARTICIPATION OF FESTULOLIUM DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS OF VEGETATION PERIODS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Privalova ◽  
Ruslan Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Based on 13 years of research, data are presented on the productivity of pasture grass stands with the participation of festulolium (cultivar VIK 90) in years with different conditions of heat and moisture supply of vegetation periods. Productivity indicators, depending on weather conditions, changed 1.5 times.

CHANGES IN THE HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT AND IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME HUMIDIFICATION CONDITIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS DURING CLIMATE WARMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Brovka ◽  
Ivan V. Buyakov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Spatial Change ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture

It is important to study the heat and moisture supply of the territory under climate warming conditions in Belarus since 1989, as well as changes in the occurrence frequency of extreme moisture conditions. The features of the spatial change in the averaged hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period of climate warming (1989–2019) and the colder period preceding it (1960–1988) in the months of the growing season were revealed based on the maps constructed by interpolation. A decrease in the aridity of conditions in May and September in the southeast and east of the country, an increase in aridity in June and August (especially in the southern regions), an increase in the area with excessive moisture in July and its decrease in September were defined. The article shows the features of changes in the frequency of droughts (HTC ≤ 0,7), less arid conditions (HTC = 0,71–1,0) and excessive moisture (HTC > 1,6) from May to September in 1989–2019, according to compared with the period 1960–1988. It was found that during the period of climate warming from May to September, there is a significant increase in the droughts frequency at meteorological stations in various regions of Belarus. A decrease in the number of years with drought in May and June is observed at several eastern and southern meteorological stations, in August – at the Zhitkovichi meteorological station, in September – at the Kostyukovichi meteorological station. The frequency of arid conditions in May, July and September decreases at many meteorological stations, and its changes are characterized by territorial heterogeneity. An increase in the number of years with less arid conditions is observed in most of Belarus in June and August. A significant increase in the frequency of excessive moisture was noted in July in most of the territory of Belarus, in May – in some regions. A decrease in the frequency of excessive moisture is observed at many meteorological stations in June and August; the number of years with excessive moisture increases only in the northern region. Spatial heterogeneity and less pronounced changes in the frequency of excessive moisture are noted in September.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF RIVER RUNOFF FORMATION IN THE CLIMATIC ZONES OF GORN PAMIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Parviz NORMATOV ◽  
◽  
Inom NORMATOV ◽  
Richard ARMSTRONG ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
River Flows ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to the Southwestern and Central climatic zones of the Pamirs and are tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River are considered. Long-term average values of temperature and precipitation as the main factors affecting the formation of river flows are determined for the period 1944–2016. The state of glaciation in the basins of the respective rivers is estimated. Goal. A comparative assessment of the influence of climatic features and mountain orography on the formation of river flows. Determination of the trend of changes in the climatic conditions of the Gunt and Vanch river basins at different periods of more than 70 years (1944–2016). Research methods. Generalization, systematization of meteorological and hydrological characteristics and determination of their change compared with the base period 1960–1990. Statistical processing of meteorological and hydrological data and establishing a trend of changes in climatic and hydrological characteristics using a differentiated method. Research results. It is shown that the nature of changes in hydrological characteristics, namely the flow of rivers in different climatic zones of the Pamir can differ significantly. On the example of two rivers (Gunt and Vanch) - tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj river, it is shown that the trend of change in the flow of the Gunt river differs from the Vanch river due to the state of glaciation of the river basin. To explain the results the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins and their possible impact on river hydrology were studied. Conclusion. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers in the Pamirs taking into account the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins show that a key factor in improving the state of glaciation and reducing degradation processes, as well as achieving positive trends in the mass balance of glaciers is the presence of sufficient air mass in the glaciation zone. Naturally, this is the key to ensuring a sufficient amount of runoff.

scholarly journals Simulation of river discharge in ungauged catchments by forcing GLDAS products to a hydrological model (a case study: Polroud basin, Iran)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Hadis Pakdel Khasmakhi ◽  
Majid Vazifedoust ◽  
Safar Marofi ◽  
Abdollah Taheri Tizro
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Land Data Assimilation ◽  
Land Data Assimilation System

Abstract Due to unavailability of sufficient discharge data for many rivers, an appropriate approach is required to provide accurate data for estimating discharge in ungauged watersheds. In this study, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets were integrated with Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) to simulate the outlet river discharge in Polroud watershed, located in the North of Iran. Temperature and precipitation products generated by GLDAS were calibrated using regression analysis based on observation data for the period of 2004–2006. Then, river discharge was simulated by using HEC-HMS based on two different datasets (GLDAS meteorological product and gauged data) on the scale of the basin for the same period. The results clearly indicated that the forcing of GLDAS data into HEC-HMS model leads to promising results with acceptable correlation with observed data. Although, in comparison with direct GLDAS runoff products, the proposed approach improved the accuracy of river discharge, the problem of underestimation still reduces the expected accuracy. Because of global accessibility, GLDAS datasets would be a good alternative in ungauged or poorly gauged watersheds.

scholarly journals Annual range of temperature and precipitation forecast for Altai-Sayan mountain country

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Borisovich Kirsta ◽  
Olga Volfova Loucka
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Sayan Mountain ◽  
Mountain Country

Analysis and long-term forecasting of climatic characteristics of the mountains is laborious and extremely difficult due to complex vertical and horizontal differentiation of climatic fields and insufficient number of weather stations in the region. We have developed a method for statistical forecast of average monthly temperature in the surface air layer and monthly precipitation for the mountain areas with an annual lead time. The method is based on the description of monthly dynamics of the mentioned factors expressed in percent of their average annual monthly values measured in situ. Such a dynamics remains the same throughout the study territory, regardless of its height and exposure. To convert the relative values of temperature and precipitation into their conventional units of measurements (C and mm) one needs just mean annual January and July values of air temperature and precipitation for the territory under study. By the example of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, it is shown that the use of observation data for 67 years obtained from several reference weather stations ensure reliable prediction. The forecast is equally true for any part of the mountainous country due to spatial generalization of relative changes in these factors. The universal criterion A for assessing the quality of various predictive methods (including those, which do not use the model quality indices RSR and NashSutcliffe) is proposed. The criterion is the error of predictive method Sdiff normalized by standard deviation Sobs of observations from their average and equals to Sdiff/ Sobs. It is associated with NSE and RSR indices through dependencies RSR = A and NSE = 1RSR2 = 12A2. The proposed criterion was used in assessing the quality of temperature and precipitation forecasts; it was close to the theoretically best one for statistical prognoses.

scholarly journals New Normal Weather Breaks a Traditional Clothing Retail Calendar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmi Oh ◽  
Kyung-Ja Ha ◽  
Young-Heon Jo
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Weather Observation

Abstract Background: Clothing businesses have complained of sluggish sales because of new normal weather, an increased variation of temperature and precipitation and the higher occurrence of extreme weather events. Traditionally, the business runs tied to calendar dates or retailing events, and the previous year's sales draw up a sales plan. This study questioned whether the sales planning method of the clothing business is valid and reliable for today. Results: Using weather observation data and Google Trends for the past 11 years, consumers' responses to weather changes were analyzed through the decision tree to learn about consumer insights. The month is the most significant predictor of seasonal clothing demand during a season, and consumers' responses to weather vary from month to month. Minimum temperature and maximum temperature were significant predictors in a particular month. Conclusions: Our results have important managerial implications. Rapid weather changes affect consumers’ demand. Clothing retailers can apply the predictive model to quickly respond to unexpected weather changes, prepare products with rapidly increasing demand not to miss sales opportunities, and adjust quantities and prices for products with sharp declines in demand.

scholarly journals Specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under climate changes in Pridnestrovie

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Khlebnikov ◽  
N. V. Smurova ◽  
I. T. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
State University ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Almost All

Actuality. Industrial technologies of vegetable crops cultivation, including squash cultivation, a lot of attention is paid to the uniformity of seeds by morphometric traits as a condition allowing to use the precision technologies.The goal of the study is to determine specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under changes of climate conditions in Transnistria.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the experimental plot of Pridnestrovian State University (Tiraspol) in 2005-2012. Objects of studies – 5 lines (166/5; 19/84; 98/5; 5Б; 48/20) of squash. Morphometric traits of seeds: mass, width, length, thickness were evaluated in the sample of 100 seeds. Mass of the seed was evaluated with help of torsion scales with exactness to 0,001 g. Width, length, thickness were mesuared with microscope MBS-10 with exactness to 0,1 mm. squash plants were treated with water solutions of the preperation Micefit in concentrations 10 and 100 mg/l in the phase of "2-3 true leaves" and "6-7 true leaves", standard is water treatment.Meteorological conditions (temperature, amount of precipitation) the year of seed reproduction were characterized by the data of Tiraspol Agrometeorological Station. Hydrothermal regime the growing of squash plants was characterized by the hydrothermal coefficient (CHT) of Selyaninov.Results. The nature of changes in temperature and precipitation over 7 years (2005-2012 periods) were reflected increased anomality of weather conditions in Transnistrian region. First of all, it concerns the quantity and the intensity of precipitation during the formation and maturation of squash seeds. Distribution decades of total precipitation and temperatures caused extremely uneven hydration: CHT variation ratio was 29.2-61.3%. Almost all periods of study were stressful for plants and led to the dimensional polyvariance of squash seeds. The variation of morphometric traits (coefficient of variation) is depended on changes in the hydrothermal regime of the growing season. It has a non-linear character and was genotypically caused. Applying the preparation Micefit had a significant effect on the manifestation of traits of squash seeds and its interaction with meteorological factors determined their modifying ability in the following order: mass (78,2%)→ length (56,6%)→ thickness (43,7%)→ width (40,4%).

scholarly journals Forests burnability in Siberian subregion and post-fire effects according to modern and retrospective satellite surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Anna Malkanova ◽  
Andrey Zabrodin ◽  
Evgenii Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Post Fire Effects ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Fire Impact

The dynamics of fires in the territory of Eastern Siberia (the territory of the Lena River basin in the middle reaches) has been studied with the use of materials from retrospective satellite imagery. The dependence of the burnability of forests in the local territories of Eastern Siberia on the level of heat and moisture supply is shown. The range of the burnability index (the number and area of fires) for the study area under extreme drought conditions was revealed, confirmed by retrospective data. It is shown that potentially the average annual values of the number of fires can be 2.5 times higher than the current statistics. Based on the invariant NDVI and NDWI indices, a range of changes in the characteristics of post-fire areas has been identified, which indirectly determines the level of fire impact on vegetation and the humidification regime.

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