scholarly journals Green Aid Tax Relief Participation Scheme – A Study about a Creative Environmental Tax Towards Carbon Reduction in the Post – Covid 19 Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bottari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Practice Implementation

Environmental tax is the climate policy that offers, in theory, the easiest way for carbon reduction. But in practice, implementation has proven complicated despite public demand for policy action on climate change. This research investigates to reframe environmental taxes in ways more personally engaging to create a moral foundation, and massive participation. As people show rising demand, we aimed to design a tool that responds to public expectations and operates directly at source on emission reducers, viz the trees. Drawing on research from environmental taxes and the evidence of measures taken, we reasoned that an environmental fiscal policy may not intend necessarily to punish the “bads”, but rather might reward the positive attitude and direct it to act. Consequently, we focused on tax reliefs and designed Green Aid, that can address people’s attitude to take active participation into account by incorporating virtuous behaviours into tax relief. Green Aid Tax relief works embedded in the Green Aid Participation Scheme that bears directly on a source of environmental recovery and organizes the global call to public action in a sustained, structured, and collective participation to forestation. Green Aid bridges the action of contributing to carbon reduction with immediate, tangible, and direct benefits. It can be an alternative environmental tax, able to address and operate directly at source on emission reducers and secure effectiveness in carbon reduction and efficiency in terms of public acceptance and viability at a global level.

scholarly journals Environmental Taxes and Innovation in Chinese Textile Enterprises: Influence of Mediating Effects and Heterogeneous Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4561
Author(s):  
Yabin Yu ◽  
Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Capital Input ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
Innovation Capital

Climate change and environmental conditions call for more attention to be paid to eco-friendly economic behavior. As a market-oriented environmental regulation, environmental tax can stimulate and guide enterprises’ environmental innovation in a neutral way. However, what elements connect the environmental tax and enterprise innovation activity together? Are all the enterprises’ innovation activities affected by the environmental tax in the same way? To answer the questions, the study uses the data of Chinese textile listed companies between 2004 and 2018 to explore the intermediary role of manpower and capital investment in the innovation chain and further analyze the influence of the heterogeneous factors such as property right, segmented industry, and region. The results show that the environmental tax can effectively promote the innovation capital input of Chinese textile enterprises, and the innovation manpower input plays a partial mediation role. At the same time, environmental tax can effectively promote the innovation performance output of Chinese textile enterprises, and innovation capital input plays a complete mediation role. In addition, heterogeneous factors such as property right, segmented industry and region will affect the relation of environmental tax to innovation input and output quality and greenness to varying degrees. The study makes a profound analysis of the relation of environmental tax on Chinese textile enterprises innovation by using the microdata at the enterprise level, providing a more targeted reference for making policies in the future.

Impact of Environmental Tax on Comparative Advantage of Food and Food Products: A Study of G20 Countries in Light of Environmentally Sensitive Goods

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110352
Author(s):  
Alisha Mahajan ◽  
Kakali Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Relationship

Many countries are under constant fear that environmental policies might negatively influence the international competitiveness of polluting industries. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relationship and impact of the environmental tax on comparative advantage of trade in food and food products industry, considered to be one of the highly environmentally sensitive industries. This study also investigates, whether this relationship differs among countries covered in G20, with the help of correlation analysis. We select panel autoregressive distributed lag approach for this study as it can analyse long-run as well as short-run association even when the variables are stationary at different orders of integration. Using panel data from G20 countries over the period of 21 years that is from 1994 to 2015, it is concluded that when we allow environmental taxes to interact with the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of G20 nations, the overall impact of the environmental tax on the RCA is negative in the long period. It is therefore suggested that countries should follow Porter hypothesis to stimulate innovations resulting from strict environmental regulations that affect the environment in least possible manner. JEL Codes: C01, C23, C33, F18, O57, Q5

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING AND TAX ASPECTS OF COLLECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the main aspects of collecting environmental tax. Collection of environmental taxes is one of the means that can restrain the process of deteriorating environmental conditions, and in some cases improve the environmental situation. The article also examines the impact of environmental taxation on improving the environmental situation. The role of the environmental tax at financing of nature protection measures is considered. There are critical remarks of some scientists who point out that the availability of revenues from the environmental tax is not a guarantee of sufficient funding for environmental measures. Attention is paid to the risks of environmental taxation, which are associated with reduced solvency and financial stability of environmental taxpayers who pollute the environment. The classification of environmental taxes is considered, which is built depending on the purposes for which the amounts received as a result of taxation are directed. The essence of the environmental tax levied in Ukraine is investigated. The article analyzes the norms of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which regulate the object of taxation with an environmental tax. Factors influencing the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget are studied. First of all, these are the factors that lead to an increase in the tax base. In addition, higher environmental tax rates, which are set by the Tax Code of Ukraine for more hazardous pollutants, also affect the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget. The amount of environmental tax paid to the budget is also increased by special coefficients used in calculating the tax liability. It is proposed to apply tax benefits related to the construction of treatment facilities and the installation of treatment equipment when collecting environmental tax. The essence of the proposed environmental tax benefits is that the environmental taxpayer will be able to reduce part of the tax liability. This reduction is carried out by the amount of depreciation of fixed assets, which directly carry out the treatment of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, discharges of pollutants into water bodies, etc. Some aspects of environmental tax accounting are considered.

Study on Environmental Tax

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Huifeng Li ◽  
Xuanwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Status

Since the industrial age, along with the promotion of economic development, problems of ecological destruction and environmental pollution are becoming more serious. To solve this problem, the implementation of environmental tax is an effective measure. Based on the analysis of the theoretical foundation of environmental taxes, international practice and experience in environmental tax system, in this paper, the authors describe the status quo of China’s environmental tax system, and frames the further step strategy in building China’s environmental tax system.

Comparison of Environmental Tax Systems of China and the United States and the Enlightenments

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
Yunfeng YAN ◽  
Ran WANG ◽  
Qingwen FAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Taxation System

Environmental taxes are an important means of achieving green development. By referring to the statistical coverage of environmental taxes by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this paper analyzed the scale, changing tendency, income structure and stringency of environmental taxes in China and the United States, and compared the basic environmental taxation elements of the two countries. The findings show that in terms of absolute amount, China’s environmental tax revenues were much higher than those of the United States; in terms of relative amount, the proportions of environmental taxes in China’s tax revenue and in GDP also surpassed those of the United States. Besides, in 2010, the Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) Index in China also exceeded that of the United States, indicating that China’s taxation frame has been further developed towards a greener one; but China’s environmental taxation still faces problems such as improper tax system and imperfect design of taxation elements. The authors suggest that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the top-level design of environmental taxes, scientifically determine taxation elements and taxation structure, and establish an extensive environmental taxation system.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX ECONOMIC REFORMS IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
I. Marekha ◽  
V. Myrhorodska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce systematic and effective tax eco-reforms in the context of resource-oriented economic development by the European Union countries. The performance and effectiveness of the reforms are estimated in relation to the main four groups of environmental taxes: energy taxes, pollution taxes, resource taxes and transport taxes. The macroecological policy of the European Union countries is the object of the undertaken analysis. The article examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental taxes across the EU, using a correlation analysis toolkit. Four groups of macroeconomic parameters were selected for analysis: internal macroeconomic factors (nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation, business cycle stage, budget deficit, energy consumption level); external macroeconomic factors (government debt, exports, foreign direct investments); institutional macroparameters (environmental culture, shadow economy, trust in government) and fiscal macroparameters (tax culture and fiscal freedom). The economic interpretation of the obtained correlates is given. Based on the correlation analysis, stimulators and de-stimulators of tax environmental reforms across the EU were identified. It is established that the factors that positively influence on the tax environmental reforms are the overwhelming majority of the analyzed factors. The formation of indicators of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms is undertaken for six countries of the Community. In particular, the analysis covers three economic leaders (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) and three leading EU countries in the field of environmental tax collection (Latvia, Greece and Slovenia). The article presents approaches to improving the assessment of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms based on the consideration of fiscal (budget-filling) and reproductive (multiplicative) functions of environmental taxes. In this regard, the environmental tax multiplier and accelerator, as well as the GDP elasticity coefficient for environmental taxes, were calculated for the analyzed group of countries. The criteria of economic efficiency of tax eco-reforms are proposed. Keywords: environmental taxes, macroeconomic effect, macro-environmental policy, multiplier, accelerator, elasticity

scholarly journals The effect of environmental tax on the survival of biological species in a polluted environment: a mathematical model

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Agarwal ◽  
S. Devi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Nonlinear Mathematical Model ◽  
Runge Kutta Method

In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed for the survival of biological species affected by a pollutant present in the environment. It is considered that the emission of the pollutant into the environment is dynamic in nature and depends on the environmental tax imposed on the emitters. It is also assumed that the environmental tax is imposed to control the emission of pollutants only when the concentration level of pollutants in the environment crosses a limit over which the pollutants starts causing harm to the population under consideration. Criteria for local stability, global stability and permanence are obtained using theory of ordinary differential equations. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the dynamics of the system using fourth order Runge–Kutta Method. It is found that, as the emission rate of pollutants in the environment increases, the density of biological species decreases. It may also be pointed out that the biological species may even become extinct if the rate of emission of pollutants increases continuously. However, if some environmental taxes are imposed to control the rate of emission of these pollutants into the environment, the density of biological species can be maintained at a desired level.

scholarly journals Is Environmental Tax Harmonization Desirable in Global Value Chains?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Cheng ◽  
Hayato Kato ◽  
Ayako Obashi
Keyword(s):  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
Global Welfare ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractThe spatial unbundling of parts production and assembly currently characterizes globalization, leading to the worldwide dispersion of pollution. We consider socially optimal (cooperative) environmental taxes in a two-country model of global value chains in which the location of both parts and assembly can differ. When unbundling costs are so high that parts and assembly must colocate in the pre-globalized world, pollution is spatially concentrated, and harmonizing environmental taxes maximizes global welfare. In contrast, with low unbundling costs triggering the dispersion of parts and thus pollution throughout the world as today, harmonization fails to maximize global welfare. Similar results hold when the two countries non-cooperatively choose their environmental taxes.

Environmental Tax Policy Reforms in the European Union

2017 ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
Charalambos Louca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Fiscal Reform ◽  
Policy System

This chapter provides an overview of the environmental tax policy system in the European Union. The different kinds of environmental taxes, their quantitative use in the member states as well as the factors that influence the potential for tax reforms are explained. Reference is also made as to how environmental fiscal reforms can contribute to a Green Economy. The principles and the motivational factors for an Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) are explained. The experiences and the practices of European and Asian countries are presented and policy lessons learnt are drawn. Finally the chapter concludes by referring to the environmental fiscal reform prospects.

Environmental Tax Revenue and Expenditures in EU and Serbia - Lessons to be Learnt from Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-522
Author(s):  
Goranka Knežević ◽  
Vladan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The Eu

In this research, we emphasize the issues of collecting environmental taxes and spending for environmental protection at the EU 28 plus countries as a benchmark and Serbia. We find no correlation between environmental taxes in EU and expenses incurred for the environment, while at the same time there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the two variables in Serbia. The observed period covers 2009-2017. This means that government taxes and budget are the main sources of financing green projects in Serbia, therefore, showing lower environmental awareness of companies and citizens.

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