Developing a taxonomy of care coordination for people living with rare conditions: A qualitative study

Background: Improving care coordination is particularly important for individuals with rare conditions (who may experience multiple inputs into their care, across different providers and settings). To develop and evaluate strategies to potentially improve care coordination, it is necessary to develop a method for organising different ways of coordinating care for rare conditions. Developing a taxonomy would help to describe different ways of coordinating care and in turn facilitate development and evaluation of pre-existing and new models of care coordination for rare conditions. To the authors' knowledge, no studies have previously developed taxonomies of care coordination for rare conditions. This research aimed to develop and refine a care coordination taxonomy for people with rare conditions. Methods: This study had a qualitative design and was conducted in the United Kingdom. To develop a taxonomy, six stages of taxonomy development were followed. We conducted interviews (n=30 health care professionals/charity representatives/commissioners) and focus groups (n=4 focus groups, 22 patients/carers with rare/ultra-rare/undiagnosed conditions). Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded with consent, and professionally transcribed. Findings were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes were used to develop a taxonomy, and to identify which types of coordination may work best in which situations. To refine the taxonomy, we conducted two workshops (n=12 patients and carers group; n=15 professional stakeholder group). Results: Our taxonomy has six domains, each with different options. The six domains are: 1) Ways of organising care (local, hybrid, national), 2) Ways of organising professionals involved in care (collaboration between many or all professionals, collaboration between some professionals, a lack of collaborative approach), 3) Responsibility for coordination (administrative support, formal roles and responsibilities, supportive roles and no responsibility), 4) How often appointments and coordination take place (regular, on demand, hybrid), 5) Access to records (full or filtered access), and 6) Mode of care coordination (face-to-face, digital, telephone). Conclusions: Findings indicate that there are different ways of coordinating care across the six domains outlined in our taxonomy. This may help to facilitate the development and evaluation of existing and new models of care coordination for people living with rare conditions.

An Update for Taxonomy Designers

Taxonomies are classification systems that help researchers conceptualize phenomena based on their dimensions and characteristics. To address the problem of ‘ad-hoc’ taxonomy building, Nickerson et al. (2013) proposed a rigorous taxonomy development method for information systems researchers. Eight years on, however, the status quo of taxonomy research shows that the application of this method lacks consistency and transparency and that further guidance on taxonomy evaluation is needed. To fill these gaps, this study (1) advances existing methodological guidance and (2) extends this guidance with regards to taxonomy evaluation. Informed by insights gained from an analysis of 164 taxonomy articles published in information systems outlets, this study presents an extended taxonomy design process together with 26 operational taxonomy design recommendations. Representing an update for taxonomy designers, it contributes to the prescriptive knowledge on taxonomy design and seeks to augment both rigorous taxonomy building and evaluation.

Non-verbal Aspects of Collaboration in Virtual Worlds: a CSCW Taxonomy-development Proposal Integrating the Presence Dimension

Virtual worlds, particularly those able to provide a three-dimensional physical space, have features that make them suitable to support collaborative activities. These features distinguish virtual worlds from other collaboration tools, but current taxonomies of the field of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work do not account for several distinctive features of virtual worlds, namely those related with non-verbal communication. We intended to find out how the use of an avatar, gestures, spatial sounds, etc., influence collaboration in order to be able to include non-verbal communication in taxonomies of the field Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Several cases of collaboration in virtual worlds are analysed, to find the impact of these non-verbal characteristics of virtual worlds. We proposed adding the concept of Presence to taxonomies of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and contribute with guidance for future taxonomy development that includes it as a new dimension. This new dimension of Presence is subdivided into "avatar" and "physical space" subdimensions. In turn, these are divided into "physical appearance", "gestures, sounds and animations" and "focus, nimbus and aura"; "environment" and "objects / artefacts". This new taxonomy-development proposal may contribute to inform better design of virtual worlds in support of cooperative work.

The INSTRUCTION OF SCIENCE IN RURAL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The teacher is an essential component of learning. Learning that is often focused by the government is learning in urban schools. Even though rural schools also have the same right to consider. Longer distances and access to schools that are more difficult to reach causes a lack of attention in rural areas schools. Learning in rural areas also requires attention to improve the quality of teaching. Knowing learning activities in rural schools is very important because it will understand what learning needs to be improved. The purpose of the research is to find out how teaching science in rural schools. This research uses mixed methods with the Taxonomy Development Model research design. The phase of QUAL is carried out to identify important variables. The development of a taxonomy or classification system, the development of theories that are not yet stable, and supporting it is a test in the phase of QUAN to obtain more thorough study results. The findings of this study illustrate that learning begins with answering questions, so students are enthusiastic. The next learning activity showing films about the reproduction of students was very excited about learning. The obstacle found in learning is the lack of preparation in the learning that is done so that time is wasted to condition the video playback.

Speaking materials based on active learning activities and revised Bloom’s taxonomy: development, validation, and revision

As an international language, English becomes vital to master. In English, speaking is considered more crucial compared to listening, writing, and reading. Nevertheless, it is not an easy task to achieve. One solution which can ease learning speaking is presenting excellent learning materials for students. Thus, teachers are obliged to write and develop learning materials that are relevant, effective, and suitable for their students. This study aimed to give a clear overview of how to develop, validate, and revise Speaking learning materials according to active learning activities and Six steps in revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This study was objected to offering a novelty as there was little discussion on developing learning materials, particularly speaking, based on active learning activities and revised Bloom’s taxonomy. This thus widens discussion in the field. The method used was Research & Development. The study suggested that learning material development required several steps, including six steps of Bloom’s taxonomy. The validation proposed the aspects of materials, the aspects of activities, the aspects of media, and the presentation aspects. The last, revision must be taken once the developed materials are found less suitable for learners.

Creating a Taxonomy of Business Models for Data Marketplaces

Data marketplaces can fulfil a key role in realizing the data economy by enabling the commercial trading of data between organizations. Although data marketplace research is a quickly evolving domain, there is a lack of understanding about data marketplace business models. As data marketplaces are vastly different, a taxonomy of data marketplace business models is developed in this study. A standard taxonomy development method is followed to develop the taxonomy. The final taxonomy comprises of 4 meta-dimensions, 17 business model dimensions and 59 business model characteristics. The taxonomy can be used to classify data marketplace business models and sheds light on how data marketplaces are a unique type of digital platforms. The results of this research provide a basis for theorizing in this rapidly evolving domain that is quickly becoming important.

Taxonomy Development for Business Research: A Hands-On Guideline

Classification schemes are important groundwork for research on many topics of different business disciplines such as information systems (IS). They make investigating topics manageable by allowing researchers to delimit their work to certain taxa or types (e.g., of artifacts or firms) and provide a basis for generalization. Opposed to theoretically grounded typologies, taxonomies are empirically derived from entities of a phenomenon and therefore have several advantages, such as more detailed and exhaustive coverage. Initial guidelines for developing taxonomies in business have been proposed; however, research is still missing a clear set of applicable procedures to empirically build taxonomies. We tackle this topic by suggesting an inductive approach based on the procedures of content and cluster analysis. Each of the proposed six steps is amended with comprehensive state-of-the-art guidelines, suggestions, and formative measures of reliability and validity.

Community engagement with immigrant communities involving health and wellness research: a systematic review protocol towards developing a taxonomy of community engagement definitions, frameworks, and methods

IntroductionThe importance of community engagement has been established globally in health and wellness research. A certain degree of ambiguity remains, however, regarding the meaning of community engagement, which term has been used for various purposes and implemented in various forms. In this study, we aimed to explore the different definitions of community engagement, discuss the various objectives that have been proposed and uncover the diverse ways this concept has been implemented among researchers working for the betterment of the health and wellness of immigrant communities in host countries.Methods and analysisTaxonomy is a process for classifying complex and multifaceted matters using logical conceptual domains and dimensions for clearer way of contextualising. We will develop a taxonomy to organise the available literature on community engagement in immigrant health and wellness research in a way that captures user knowledge and understanding of its various meanings and processes. Specific methodological and analytical frameworks for systematic review and taxonomy development will guide each step. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic search in relevant databases, from inception to December 2019, using appropriate keywords followed by snowball search (single-citation tracking, reference lists). Papers will be included if they fall within predefined inclusion criteria (seen as most likely informative on elements pertaining to community engagement) and are written in English, regardless of design (conceptual, qualitative and quantitative). Two reviewers will independently employ two-stage screening (title–abstract screening followed by screening of the full text to determine inclusion). Finally, information that helps to develop taxonomy of the concept and practice of community engagement will be abstracted and used towards taxonomy development, where different levels of stakeholder research team members will be involved.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. We have opted for an integrated knowledge translation or a community-engaged knowledge mobilisation approach where we are engaged with community-based citizen researchers from the inception of our programme. We plan to disseminate the results of our review through meetings with key stakeholders, followed by journal publications and presentations at applicable platforms.