Open-Label Placebo Interventions With Drinking Water and Their Influence on Perceived Physical and Mental Well-Being

In recent years, the postulation that deception is necessary for placebos to have an effect on pain relief or increased well-being has come into question. Latest studies have shown that an openly administered mock drug works just as well as a deceptively administered placebo on certain complaints. This open-label placebo effect has primarily been used in the area of pain treatment so far. This study is the first to examine the effect of such placebos on healthy individuals with the use of drinking water. In two experiments, participants were required to use certain specified water bottles for their daily drinking water consumption. At the beginning of Experiment 1, all participants (N = 68) received one bottle of water, which they were asked to refill themselves each day during a 2-week intervention period. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 75) received a new sealed water bottle every day. In both experiments, participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: no treatment (control group CG), open-label placebo without rationale (OPR–), open-label placebo with rationale (OPR+), and open-label placebo with additional rationale in a suggested relaxed state (group OPR++). We conducted baseline and post-treatment measurements of the subjective perceived physical and mental well-being of the participants. In Experiment 1, only the OPR++ group reported enhanced vitality at the post-treatment level compared to the other groups. In Experiment 2, post-treatment measurements showed improvements for the OPR++ group in the Physical Performance Capability, Mental Performance Capability, Emotional Balance, Overall Recovery, Negative Emotional State, and Overall Stress categories compared to the other groups. Our results support the idea that placebos with an additional rationale in a suggestive relaxed state are more effective than with just a rationale in a normal state. Furthermore, our study shows the tendency that OLP++ in the form of water with health claims may be more effective when the water is given in several sealed bottles separately than in one sealed but refillable bottle.

Design And Analysis of CFD Geometry Configuration Canted Winglet Toward Aerodynamic Characteristic on Wing Profil of The UAV LSU-05

The wing is part of an aircraft or UAV which has a function as a major component of producing lift, therefore if a problem occurs such as a vortex at the end of the wing it will affect its performance capability. This study aims to determine the condition of the airflow, the value of induced drag, and the selection of the design of the wingtip devices on the wing profile of the UAV LSU-05. The method used is numerical or computational methods with CFD-based software to predict the aerodynamic characteristics and phenomenon of airflow around the wing with wingtip devices and without it. The model used in this study is a half-wing LSU-05 with NACA 4415 made with CATIA V5R20 software and the simulation uses ANSYS CFX 17.1. Based on the previous simulation results, it was found that the application of the canted winglet geometry to the wing profile of the UAV LSU-05 affects the coefficient lift (CL)/coefficient drag (CD) value and induced drag. Whereas the coefficient lift (CL)/coefficient drag (CD) value before using the canted winglet was 18.904 after application, increased to 21.616, this causes the induced drag value to change inversely with the coefficient lift (CL)/coefficient drag (CD) value where the value before the application was 30.4181 N to 29.0566 N.Keywords: Canted Winglet, CFD, Wing

Development of Converged Device-Based Exercise Program for Preventing Fall and Increasing Physical Activity for the Elderly

As the effects of COVID-19, many changes are occurring in the daily life. Breaking away from the temporal and spatial restrictions, the exercise method utilizing converged device in non-contact fashion is emerging. In the present study, home training with utilization of the converged device for fall prevention and improvement of daily life in behalf of the frail elderly has been composed, and execution process designed. Converged device-based exercise program extracted through Delphi analysis is composed of essential 8 types of motion reflecting the performance capability of the frail elderly as the subject, though easy, have been selected. Converged device-based exercise program configured the system in a structure of subject, interface, and administrator for the purpose of utilizing this exercise program. Overall execution process is composed 3 stages, and implemented with the elderly and the trainer being converged via medium. For the overall implementation, the elderly performs the exercise program under leading of the trainer as the administrator. Depending on the condition of the elderly as the subject, the trainer selects the difficulty of exercise, which the elderly performs and implements the exercise program while communicating with the trainer. The converged device-based exercise program that is applicable to the elderly as a digitally vulnerable class is expected to bring about not only fall prevention and increased physical activities but also subsidiary effects of producing digital device-friendly environments for the elderly as a digitally vulnerable class.

The Role of Capability in Mediating Influences Business Orientation, Competence And Marketing Knowledge of Performance Small and Medium Business (UMKM)

This research was conducted based on differences in the focus of discussion about entrepreneurial orientation, competence, marketing knowledge. UMKM capability and performance. In addition, there are also research problems (research problems) about the decline in the development of the cake trade industry in Gianyar Regency in 2018. This research was conducted on MSME entrepreneurs in the cake trade industry in Gianyar Regency with a population and a sample of 55 MSMEs. All data obtained from the questionnaire distribution is feasible to use, then analyzed using PLS 3.0. The results of the study provide that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on capability, competence has a positive and significant effect on capability, marketing knowledge has a positive and significant effect on capability, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, competence has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, marketing knowledge has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, capability has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance with capabilities as a mediating variable, competence has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance with capabilities as a mediating variable, marketing knowledge a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs with capabilities as a mediating variable. The implication of this research is that capability is able to mediate the variables of entrepreneurial orientation, competence, marketing knowledge on MSME performance.

Estimation of Endurance Development in Students at the Agricultural University

The article discusses endurance, its role in improving performance capability, the need for mental and physical activity. The value of endurance for the health-improving and training process is analyzed. The article substantiates the importance and necessity of endurance as a physical quality that determines the state of health and the level of physical training. It should be emphasized that the development of endurance contributes to the high functional capabilities of all organs and systems of the body. The results of control standards for the requirements of the university are analyzed. Endurance indicators are analyzed in accordance with the requirements of the GTO standards, and the article assesses the development of students' endurance in an Agricultural University. Method of research. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the results was carried out. Search, analysis, generalization of methodological literature and the method of control tests were used. The study duration is 3 years, from 2016 to 2019. The study involved 74 young men aged 18–24 years. The dynamics of the level of physical training is revealed. The relationship between the level of physical training and the successful implementation of control standards and requirements of the GTO standards is revealed. Test result. According to the results of the study, the average level of endurance development was recorded. At delivery testing of the GTO endurance, revealed that on average, students take norm on a silver GTO badge, 30.5% of students are unable to cope with the demands of the all-Russian sports complex in the test. Analysis of the results of the table of control tests of the University in physical education classes allows us to note an increase in the number of students who completed the control standard by 1, 2, 3 points, as well as a decrease in the number of those who did not pass this test. It is concluded that the average level of physical training for this test is recorded. The development of physical qualities, including endurance, ensures harmonious physical development, strengthening of all systems and organs, increasing functional capabilities, reducing fatigue symptoms, and rapid recovery of the body. The development and improvement of endurance is effectively provided by independent classes in physical education and sports.

Evaluating the Cost Efficiency of Systems Engineering in Oil and Gas Projects

Studies of systems engineering applications have revealed that systems engineering (SE) has a high potential for transferring economically inefficient oil and gas projects into a profitable zone due to preserving the value created at the concept stage right up to the implementation stage. To implement any project, including an organizational one, the company must have an economic justification for innovation. Studies into the global experience of assessing SE efficiency based on projects of various types have revealed the lack of a universal assessment method; however, individual studies have potential to be used in developing a method for quantifying the value of SE in oil and gas projects. Considering this fact, we developed our own method and prototype to assess the economic effect from the introduction of SE into oil and gas projects. The method is based on a decision tree used to calculate the Net Present Value considering the probability of projects’ success and failure in terms of budget and deadlines. This allowed us to predict the effect from introducing SE to an oil company’s capital project. The results obtained demonstrated the model’s performance capability and its possible applications in project resource planning stages.