A 2D Seismic Reflection and Interpretation Study of the Khan Al-Baghdadi area within the Palaeozoic Era (western Iraq)

This research deals with a 2D seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretation of Khan Al-Baghdadi area which is located in the western part of Iraq in Anbar governorate. Two main seismic reflectors are identified within the Silurian and Ordovician; these are the Hot_shale_1 within Akkas Formation and the Top Khabour Formation, which were deposited during the Paleozoic, based on synthetic seismogram of Akk_3 well near the study area. Time, depth, and velocity maps show the presence of two anticline structures trending east-west and located on the west side of the study area. The first is the Tulul structure (here denoted as A) and the second is denoted as B. Also, the maps show the increase in time towards the eastern side of the study area. The general slope of the reflectors is towards the southeast and the increase in the thickness of formations is gradually to the southwest and the northwest sides of the study area. The direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) was identified as sand lenses and flat spots on the studied reflectors, when applying seismic attributes like the instantaneous phase and the instantaneous Frequency), which give indicators of potential hydrocarbon accumulations. The primary reservoir in the study area is sandstone within the Khabour Formation, while the source and seal rocks are in the Hot_shale within Akkas Formation. They are interpreted to be present throughout Akkas Field, as gas-condensate accumulations, 100 km to the west of the study area and demonstrate the viability of the Paleozoic petroleum system in the Western Desert of Iraq.

Slopes stability analysis from Rosia Poieni open pit mine, Romania

In the case of Roşia Poieni open pit mine the level of +805 m was established as a daily operating limit; the division into benches was based on this level by dividing into horizontal slices with a thickness of 15 m, equal to the height of the bench. Thus, there were 27 benches in the Curmătura area and 23 benches in the Ruginiş area. The general slope angle was set at 35°, the angle for which the tailings volumes and implicitly the opening-up coefficient were calculated. The stability analysis was performed for individual bench, 2 benches system and the general slope of the quarry (consisting of 24 benches), using two methods (Fellenius and Janbu). A polygonal slip surface was also modelled; such potential landslide surfaces can appear in the slopes of the Roşia Poieni quarry due to the natural cracking systems of the massif but also due to the secondary cracking generated by the used drilling-blasting works (exploitation technology). The stability check was done by applying Hoek’s graphical-analytical method; the determined values for the safety factor satisfy the condition of being greater than 1.3. In these circumstances, no further measures are required to increase the stability reserve.

Design of Flood Drainage in Golgohar Iron Ore Mine#3

The iron ore minerals reservoir of Golgohar Mine#3 is more than 660 million tons. It is the biggest in Iran and rate of ore extraction is more than 15 million tons per year. The pit takes place on the way of runoff pathway of this watershed and it needs an especial strategy for conserving the pit mine during next imminent floods. The area of Mine# 3 watershed is 20785700 square meters and its general slope in its topography map is 0.59 percent; then initial scheming indicates it can causes a great deal of problems for mining operation n the next floods; particularly, the pit is located into degree 4th sub branch of a main ephemeral river. For this purpose, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS) method was employed to estimate intervals period of next floods based on the magnitude, the intensity and the duration of precipitation events data. Conceptual design of runoff drainage of the watershed was designed to lead the flood to a better pathway location. The Mine#3 overburden deposition occupies a huge area on the watershed; and it has been considered and redesigned in terms of size, form, dimensions and location to manage as a physical obstacle against next floods. Hydraulic calculations were applied for designing two essential open channels which can preserve the pit.

Vibrations Measurement of the Funicular Generated Vibrations on Gediminas Hill North Part Slope

An experimental measurements of the funicular generated vibrations provided after Gediminas Hill North part slope landslide, which occurred on 2016. The geology of Gediminas Hill made up strata of Quaternary system late Pleistocene glacial and glaciofliuvial coarse and fine deposit.The purpose of this measurement was to determine, whether funicular generated vibrations during exploitation is the significant slope destabilizing factor. For vibration measurements in X, Y and Z directions were implemented equipment, developed by the authors. Measurements in 25 different points on the Gediminas Hill slope were perfirmed during funicular movement up and down. Analysis of obtained results revealed, that the highest vibration level mainly localized at the top of funicular foundations, wave energy is not large, propagating waves greatly dampens in the soil and there is no effect for general slope stability and the funicular exploitation was not the main reason of the occurred landslide in 2016 Spring.

Influence of management of variables, sampling zones and land units on LR analysis for landslide spatial prevision

Several authors, according to different methodological approaches, have employed logistic Regression (LR), a multivariate statistical analysis adopted to assess the spatial probability of landslide, even though its fundamental principles have remained unaltered. This study aims at assessing the influence of some of these methodological approaches on the performance of LR, through a series of sensitivity analyses developed over a test area of about 300 km2 in Calabria (southern Italy). In particular, four types of sampling (1 – the whole study area; 2 – transects running parallel to the general slope direction of the study area with a total surface of about 1/3 of the whole study area; 3 – buffers surrounding the phenomena with a 1/1 ratio between the stable and the unstable area; 4 – buffers surrounding the phenomena with a 1/2 ratio between the stable and the unstable area), two variable coding modes (1 – grouped variables; 2 – binary variables), and two types of elementary land (1 – cells units; 2 – slope units) units have been tested. The obtained results must be considered as statistically relevant in all cases (Aroc values > 70%), thus confirming the soundness of the LR analysis which maintains high predictive capacities notwithstanding the features of input data. As for the area under investigation, the best performing methodological choices are the following: (i) transects produced the best results (0 < P(y) ≤ 93.4%; Aroc = 79.5%); (ii) as for sampling modalities, binary variables (0 < P(y) ≤ 98.3%; Aroc = 80.7%) provide better performance than ordinated variables; (iii) as for the choice of elementary land units, slope units (0 < P(y) ≤ 100%; Aroc = 84.2%) have obtained better results than cells matrix.

Enumeration of walks reaching a line

International audience We enumerate walks in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$, with steps East and North, that stop as soon as they reach a given line; these walks are counted according to the distance of the line to the origin, and we study the asymptotic behavior when the line has a fixed slope and moves away from the origin. When the line has a rational slope, we study a more general class of walks, and give exact as well as asymptotic enumerative results; for this, we define a nice bijection from our walks to words of a rational language. For a general slope, asymptotic results are obtained; in this case, the method employed leads us to find asymptotic results for a wider class of walks in $\mathbb{R}^m$.

MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLY FROM SULFATE SOURCES IN A PINE BARK MEDIUM

Amending soilless media with micronutrients is a routine nursery practice. The objective of this research was to determine the micronutrient status of pine bark amended with two sulfate micronutrient sources and a control (unmended). Limed pine bark was unamended, amended with Ironite (1 and 2 g/l), or Micromax (1g/l). Bark was irrigated with distilled water in amounts equivalent to 30, 60, 90, and 120 irrigations (.63 cm per irrigation). Following irrigations, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were extracted with a modified saturated media extract method using .001M DPTA as the extractant. Irrigation amount had no effect on Cu and Mn concentrations which were greater in the Micromax treatment than the Ironite or control treatments. A micronutrient source × irrigation interaction existed for Fe and Zn concentrations requiring regression analysis. In general, slope values indicating the decrease in micronutrient values with increasing irrigations were quite low (≤ .001) for each source. Regardless of irrigation amount, Fe and Zn concentrations were similar for amended and unamended bark.