How Insoluble Inclusions and Intersecting Layers Affect the Leaching Process within Potash Seams

Potash seams are a valuable resource containing several economically interesting, but also highly soluble minerals. In the presence of water, uncontrolled leaching can occur, endangering subsurface mining operations. In the present study, the influence of insoluble inclusions and intersecting layers on leaching zone evolution was examined by means of a reactive transport model. For that purpose, a scenario analysis was carried out, considering different rock distributions within a carnallite-bearing potash seam. The results show that reaction-dominated systems are not affected by heterogeneities at all, whereas transport-dominated systems exhibit a faster advance in homogeneous rock compositions. In return, the ratio of permeated rock in vertical direction is higher in heterogeneous systems. Literature data indicate that most natural potash systems are transport-dominated. Accordingly, insoluble inclusions and intersecting layers can usually be seen as beneficial with regard to reducing hazard potential as long as the mechanical stability of leaching zones is maintained. Thereby, the distribution of insoluble areas is of minor impact unless an inclined, intersecting layer occurs that accelerates leaching zone growth in one direction. Moreover, it is found that the saturation dependency of dissolution rates increases the growth rate in the long term, and therefore must be considered in risk assessments.

Laser-Assisted Floating Zone Growth of BaFe2S3 Large-Sized Ferromagnetic-Impurity-Free Single Crystals

The quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic insulator BaFe2S3 becomes superconducting under a hydrostatic pressure of ∼10 GPa. Single crystals of this compound are usually obtained by melting and further slow cooling of BaS or Ba, Fe, and S, and are small and needle-shaped (few mm long and 50–200 μm wide). A notable sample dependence on the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, transport behavior, and presence of superconductivity has been reported. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for the growth of high-quality single crystals of BaFe2S3 based on a laser-assisted floating zone method that yields large samples free of ferromagnetic impurities. We present the characterization of these crystals and the comparison with samples obtained using the procedure reported in the literature.

Nonlinear fault damage zone scaling revealed through analog modeling

Fault damage zones strongly influence fluid flow and seismogenic behavior of faults and are thought to scale linearly with fault displacement until reaching a threshold thickness. Using analog modeling with different frictional layer thicknesses, we investigate damage zone dynamic evolution during normal fault growth. We show that experimental damage zone growth with displacement is not linear but progressively tends toward a threshold thickness, being larger in the thicker models. This threshold thickness increases significantly at fault segment relay zones. As the thickness threshold is approached, the failure mode progressively transitions from dilational shear to isochoric shear. This process affects the whole layer thickness and develops as a consequence of fault segment linkage as inferred in nature when the fault matures. These findings suggest that fault damage zone widths are limited both by different scales of mechanical unit thickness and the evolution of failure modes, ultimately controlled in nature by lithology and deformation conditions.

INFLUENCE OF ULTRASOUND ON DIFFUSION ZONE GROWTH KINETICS DURING HEAT TREATMENT OF NICKEL-ALUMINUM BIMETAL

It has been shown experimentally that the effect of ultrasound during heat treatment of the explosion-welded bimetal nickel NP2 + aluminum AD1 helps to reduce the latent nucleation period of NiAl and NiAl intermetallic layers at its interlayer boundary, reduces the temperature of the onset of eutectic transformation (~10 °C), at a temperature of intense diffusion increases the thickness diffusion zone (by 30-40%), without affecting its phase and chemical composition.

Rare case of gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma

True histiocytic lymphoma is considered a rare entity, and its diagnosis requires the concordance of morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings. Gastric extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the stomach and has a perifollicular/marginal zone growth pattern. The lymphoma is derived from marginal zone B-cells and recapitulates the architecture and organization of native MALT exemplified by the Peyers’ patches in the terminal ileum. Marginal zone lymphoma of MALT (MALT lymphoma) is the most common indolent subtype and represents 7% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Fiber orientation effect on fracture toughness of silk fiber-reinforced zeolite/HDPE composites

The aim of this work is to investigate the fracture toughness and deformation of silk fiber (SF)-reinforced zeolite (Z)/high density polyathylene (HDPE) composites. The chopped SFs are arranged in the thickness middle of the dry mixture of Z/HDPE powder that has been prepared in a mold. Composites were produced by the compression molding to produce double-edge notch tensile (DENT). The fracture toughness characterization was carried out based on essential work of fracture method. The results show that the presence of SF increased the essential fracture work even though the non-essential fracture work for Z/HDPE was higher than S-Z/HDPE. The evolution of plastic zone growth coincides with the growth of the fracture process zone (FPZ) whose height has no effect on energy consumption.

Laser Floating Zone Growth: Overview, Singular Materials, Broad Applications, and Future Perspectives

The Laser Floating Zone (LFZ) technique, also known as Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG), has been developed throughout the last several decades as a simple, fast, and crucible-free method for growing high-crystalline-quality materials, particularly when compared to the more conventional Verneuil, Bridgman–Stockbarger, and Czochralski methods. Multiple worldwide efforts have, over the years, enabled the growth of highly oriented polycrystalline and single-crystal high-melting materials. This work attempted to critically review the most representative advancements in LFZ apparatus and experimental parameters that enable the growth of high-quality polycrystalline materials and single crystals, along with the most commonly produced materials and their relevant physical properties. Emphasis will be given to materials for photonics and optics, as well as for electrical applications, particularly superconducting and thermoelectric materials, and to the growth of metastable phases. Concomitantly, an analysis was carried out on how LFZ may contribute to further understanding equilibrium vs. non-equilibrium phase selectivity, as well as its potential to achieve or contribute to future developments in the growth of crystals for emerging applications.