Electrical Properties of GaAs Implanted with High Energy (100meV) 28Si and 120Sn Ions

Single crystal n-GaAs substrates have been implanted at 300 K with 100 MeV 28Si and 120Sn ions to a dose of 1x1018ions/m2 independently. The electrical properties of these samples has been investigated and compared after implantation and annealing up to 850 °C by current voltage (I-V) measurements. It has been observed that the I-V curves for the samples implanted with 28Si ions show p-n junction like characteristics which then show a linear I-V characteristics for the annealing treatment between 150-550 °C. Annealing the samples at 650 °C results in a typical diode like I-V characteristics which become less non-linear after further annealing at 750 °C. Further annealing at 850 °C results in to a back ward diode like behavior. However the I-V curves for the samples implanted with 120Sn ions and annealed up to 450C were linear which then show a weak non linearity for the annealing treatments between 550C-750C. After 850C annealing the samples show a strong nonlinearity typical of a p-n junction. The temperature dependence of resistance of both 28Si and 120Sn implanted GaAs samples after implantation and different annealing steps are investigated and the possible conduction mechanisms are discussed.

Favorable response to carbamazepine therapy in genetically proven myoclonus-dystonia child

Background Myoclonus dystonia (MDS) is a dominantly inherited genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the epsilon sarcoglycan gene (SGCE). Case presentation We here in report a twenty months old Saudi boy who presented to us with a concern that the child is unable to walk properly. On assessment, he was flexing his left arm and left leg that usually followed by a back-ward fall. Diagnosis of dystonia induced with initiation of movement was suggested that later on proven genetically to be pathogenic mutation of sarcoglycan gene. Carbamazepine therapy was initiated with dramatic response. Response was maintained at 4 years follow up. Conclusions Our patient and the other previously reported cases might highlight the response of SGCE mutations to carbamazepine therapy.

HISTORY OF CURRICULUM (NISA'AB) DEVELOPMENT AND SECULAR EDUCATION IN MADRASA

The Madrasa system of education is still relevant and useful in the modern Indian situation. Besides the religious education, Madrasas are imparting secular education, too, which is almost similar and equal to the secular education being imparted in our mainstream primary and secondary schools. The Madrasas are rendering valuable national service, free of cost, by helping in eradication of illiteracy and promotion of education in the educationally most back ward section of our society, the Muslim minority, and, therefore, deserve bouquets, not brick-bats. The Madrasas are preservers and promoters of the Muslim's religion (Islam) and culture, and of the Urdu and Arabic languages and literatures in India. These, together, form the 'Muslim heritage' in India and a signicant part of what goes as 'composite culture of India' and 'The Indian heritage'.

The Backward Photon Mapping for the Realistic Image Rendering

The current paper is devoted to the methods of the realistic rendering methods based on the bidirectional stochastic ray tracing with photon maps. The research of the backward photon mapping method to account for both caustics and indirect illumination is presented. By using the backward photon maps authors reduced the amount of data that should be stored in the photon maps that allowed to speed up the process of the indirect luminance calculation. Methods used for constructing a tree of backward photon maps and methods of efficient parallelization used in algorithms of accumulation and forming the backward photon maps along with tracing forward and back-ward rays in the rendering process are considered. Methods to estimate the attained luminance error both for single image pixels and for the entire image with the designed rendering method are presented. The rendering results obtained with the use of the developed methods and algorithms are presented.

Women Writers and the Images of Women Representation in the Post-Colonial Literature. Case Study of Zuwaira Isa Jos and Her Struggles.

Women in Northern Nigeria although seemed and portrayed by many as naïve and back ward educationally, economically and politically, are blessed with talents and determination . These qualities make them able to struggle and overcome most of the cultural inhibitions; of gender discriminations and religious misconceptions that hinder them from participating in decision making and accessing other basic necessities for human development. They manage to break the silence and raise their voices through oral and written literature, where they lament and admonish the society against some cultural practices that are usually targeted at women folks. In this paper one of such women writers; Zuwaira Isa Jos, and her works are discussed.

GENEOLOGI HERMENEUTIKA HUKUM ISLAM (Fikih Kontekstual ‘Umar bin Al-Khaṭṭāb)

This paper analyzes the thought or contextual interpretation of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb which is closely related to hermeneutics. In the Islamic thought tradition, hermeneutics as a method of interpreting the holy book has been done in the early Islamic era. If we look at back ward, the Prophet Muhammad himself had done it. However, because the term hermeneutics that has developed in the Western world, so it feel foreign to the Islamic world. One of the classical Islamic thinkers who wasprogressive thoughts and transcend his time in undesrtanding or interpreting the Qur’an was ‘Umar. This is the geneology of contextual interpretation developed by modern-cotemporary thinkers. In the periodezation of Islamic history, the thoght of ‘Umar can be categorized as classical hermeneutic, because it happened in the early of Islamic period. The thought of ‘Umar was very contextual and progressive. Therefore, it is not suprising to say that he was one of the early hermeneut of The Muslim.

Dispersion of the magnetostatic volume waves in a medium with damping

In magnetostatic approximation of electrodynamics the dispersion relation for magnetostatic back-ward volume waves (MSBVW) in a ferrite film, placed in a constant longitudinal and transverse alternating magnetic field is obtained. The magnetic field, damping and temperature influence on the spectrum and dispersion characteristics of the MSBVW is regarded.

Building Back Wards in a 'Post' Institutional Era: Hospital Confinement, Group Home Eviction, and Ontario's Treatment of People Labelled with Intellectual Disabilities

Although Ontario has closed the regional centres that were intended for people labelled with intellectual disabilities and apologized to survivors, the institutionalization of disabled people persists in other forms in the province. This article demonstrates that the eligibility criteria established by privately-operated and publically-funded group homes contributes to the use of what will be termed 'back ward' placements in institutions such as hospitals and nursing homes. While group homes themselves have been – quite rightly – criticized as neo-institutional forms of residential support, they also play a role in shaping more overt forms of confinement by refusing to tailor their services to the needs of certain individuals. What follows is an analysis of residential support systems that builds upon case studies and reports to expose how impairment hierarchies, based on ranked support needs, determine who will end up in these 'back wards' and who will be offered a place in a group home.