Pengajaran Bahasa Arab Dengan Pendekatan Behavioristik

This study implicitly describes the participatory learning process of Arabic with a behavioristic approach. The research questions formulated are (1) how does the use of a behavioristic approach take place in the Arabic language learning process? (2) how the students' motivation before and after the use of a behavioristic approach; and (3) how effective is the use of a behavioristic approach in improving Arabic learning outcomes. This study uses a combined research approach to test learning competencies and the learning process. Respondents of the study were students of class V and VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Imam Lampung Timur totaling 35 students. The instruments used in this study were interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The results showed that the use of a behavioristic approach that was oriented towards providing stimulus-response continuously improved students' language acquisition. This acquisition is in the form of increased mastery of vocabulary, speaking, reading, and writing. A behavioristic approach to learning can improve Arabic learning outcomes. In addition to improving learning outcomes, a behavioristic approach can increase learning motivation. The increase in learning outcomes and learning motivation can be predicted because the behavioristic approach uses a pattern of repeated stimulus that is designed in a pleasant environment.

Kekuatan positive reinforcement dalam meningkatkan perilaku rawat diri pada pasien skizofrenia

The research subjects were 24-year-old men diagnosed with schizophrenia with a spectrum of other specific schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The focus of the problem being intervened was self-care behaviour in terms of bathing and dressing. The intervention was carried out using a behavioristic approach through the Positive Reinforcement technique. The results of the intervention show that the Positive Reinforcement technique can improve self-care behaviour.

Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok Pendekatan Behavioristik Terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Siswa

This study aims to determine the effect of behavioristic approach group counseling services on the adjustment of class VIII-4 students of MTs Negeri 2 Medan. This type of research is Quasi experimental design with Pre test-post test one group design. The population in this study were students of class VIII-4 MTs Negeri 2 Medan T.A. 2019/2020, amounting to 35 people. The sample in this study were 8 students of class VIII-4 with low levels of self-adjustment. The instrument used was a self-adjustment scale of 51 items with a total reliability of 0.465. From the calculation results, the pre-test score in the experimental group obtained an average of = 140 while the post-test data obtained an average of = 171. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to see whether there was a significant effect of group counseling with a behavioristic approach in increasing student adjustment. From the results of the Wilcoxon test shows that the Wilcoxon level test obtained Jcount = 16 while Jtabel = 4.From the table the critical value J for the Wilcoxon cascade test for n = 8, α = 0.05 in accordance with the criteria for acceptance and rejection of the hypothesis, the hypothesis is accepted if Jhitung> Jtabel, namely Jhitung> Jtabel where 16> 4, from this calculation it can be seen that the treatment in the experimental group means that the hypothesis that says there is a significant effect of group counseling with a behavioristic approach on the adjustment of class VIII-4 students of MTs Negeri 2 Medan is acceptable

Medical students’ self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time

Background Gender discrimination (GD) and sexual harassment (SH) occur at all academic institutions worldwide. Medical students report high prevalence of GD and SH, which may negatively affect their education and health. There are indications that policies and reforms on reducing GD/SH are insufficient. Swedish medical students’ experiences of GD/SH are monitored by course-evaluations and bi-annual student union evaluations; however, the response rate is usually low. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure to and context of self-reported GD/SH over an 11-year period amongst medical students at a Swedish university. Methods In 2002, a questionnaire (n = 622) was mailed to medical students’ home addresses. It was repeated in 2013 and then distributed during mandatory lectures (n = 856). The questions used a behavioristic approach and asked about specific GH/SH experiences. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The changes in prevalence over time were calculated by sampling weights in order to obtain comparable estimates, representative of both cohorts. Results The response frequency was 55% (62% women) in 2002 and 81% (59% women) in 2013. The prevalence of GD tended to decrease for male and clinical students in comparison to female and pre-clinical peers. However, the prevalence of SH increased for female compared to male students. The ratio of SH for female pre-clinical students doubled in many instances; most often, the mistreatment occurred in the clinic. Medical doctors were indicated as perpetrators up to five times more often by all students in 2013. Conclusion Our results show a disproportional change in exposure to GD/SH between female and male medical students, resulting in a widening of the gender gap regarding prevalence of GD and SH between 2002 and 2013. In particular, personal experiences of SH increased for both sexes. It is proof that institutional efforts to fight mistreatment might be ineffective.

Medical students’ self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time

Background Gender discrimination (GD) and sexual harassment (SH) occur at all academic institutions worldwide. Medical students seem particularly affected, which may negatively affect their education and health. There are indications that policies and reforms on reducing GD/SH are insufficient. Swedish medical students’ experiences of GD/SH are monitored by course-evaluations and bi-annual student union evaluations; however, the response rate is usually low. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure to and context of self-reported GD/SH over an 11-year period amongst medical students at a Swedish university. Methods In 2002, a questionnaire (n=622) was mailed to medical students’ home addresses. It was repeated in 2013 and then distributed during mandatory lectures (n=856). The questions used a behavioristic approach and asked about specific GH/SH experiences. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The changes in prevalence over time were calculated by sampling weights in order to obtain comparable estimates, representative of both cohorts. Results The response frequency was 55% (62% women) in 2002 and 81% (59% women) in 2013. The prevalence of GD tended to decrease for male and clinical students in comparison to female and pre-clinical peers. However, the prevalence of SH increased for female compared to male students. The ratio of SH for female pre-clinical students doubled in many instances; most often, the mistreatment occurred in the clinic. Medical doctors were indicated as perpetrators up to five times more often by all students in 2013. Conclusion Our results show a disproportional change in exposure to GD/SH between female and male medical students, resulting in a widening of the gender gap regarding prevalence of GD and SH between 2002 and 2013. In particular, personal experiences of SH increased for both sexes. It is proof that institutional efforts to fight mistreatment might be ineffective.

Medical students’ self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time

BackgroundGender discrimination (GD) and sexual harassment (SH) occur at all academic institutions worldwide. Medical students seem particularly affected, which may negatively affect their education and health. There are indications that policies and reforms on reducing GD/SH are insufficient. Swedish medical students’ experiences of GD/SH are monitored by course-evaluations and bi-annual student union evaluations; however, the response rate is usually low. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure to and context of self-reported GD/SH over an 11-year period amongst medical students at a Swedish university.MethodsIn 2002, a questionnaire (n=622) was mailed to medical students’ home addresses. It was repeated in 2013 and then distributed during mandatory lectures (n=856). The questions used a behavioristic approach and asked about specific GH/SH experiences. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The changes in prevalence over time were calculated by sampling weights in order to obtain comparable estimates, representative of both cohorts.ResultsThe response frequency was 55% (62% women) in 2002 and 81% (59% women) in 2013. The prevalence of GD tended to decrease for male and clinical students in comparison to female and pre-clinical peers. However, the prevalence of SH increased for female compared to male students. The ratio of SH for female pre-clinical students doubled in many instances; most often, the mistreatment occurred in the clinic. Medical doctors were indicated as perpetrators up to five times more often by all students in 2013.ConclusionOur results show a disproportional change in exposure to GD/SH between female and male medical students, resulting in a widening of the gender gap regarding prevalence of GD and SH between 2002 and 2013. In particular, personal experiences of SH increased for both sexes. It is proof that institutional efforts to fight mistreatment might be ineffective.

Membedah Pesan di Film Taare Zameen Par: Kritik terhadap Penerapan Pendekatan Perilaku dalam Proses Pembelajaran

Film is an effective media for social critics. Through the audio visual elements film can display various portraits of social phenomena that exist in the midle of society. This research aims to explore the various signs in the film scenes which are representations of social critics, especially in the field of education. The method used in this study is semiotic developed by John Fiske. The scenes which are considered to contain social critics is elaborated on 9 television codes. After that the sign will be analyzed in three levels, the level of reality, representation, and ideology. This study found that the “Taare Zameen Par” film contained critics of the behavioristic approach in the education system. Efforts to criticize the behavioristic approach are carried out by generating a humanistic approach as a comparison. The main figure who has a dyslexic problem barely can read when educated using the behavioristic approach. He also got the label as a naughty student. The main figure was experiencing significant development when educated using a humanistic approach. In this way film makers try to assert that the behavioristic approach has many weaknesses and is not suitable to be applied in the formal education system.

Troble Maker Pada Anak PIAUD Dan Cara Menanganinya

Every child has a lot of extraordinary potential, depending on how the parents hone and nurture it. Children have various hopes and beauties in them, but children can turn into Troble Maker if wrong care, bad environmental conditions, experiences during developmental times, bad relationships between parents, materially incapacitated, lack of attention to children, poor communication, parents are too busy with work, too much physical and psychological punishment. There are ways to deal with the Troble Maker child are some of the approaches, methods and steps. The approaches used are the Rational Approach, Emotional Approach, Functional Approach, Behavioristic Approach, Cognitive Approach, Humanistic Approach. The method used is the Uswah method, the method of advice, the habituation method, the Shawab method and `Iqab, social skills. For the steps used are as follows: Step of Discovery, Step of Understanding, Step of Living, Step of Practice, Step of Consolidation.

Standard Behavior under Legal Control: A Behavioristic Approach

The standard behavior based on the so-called legal type of control is considered. The mechanisms of modeling of required behavior through standard rules, ways of increasing its probability, tools of transfer of behavior in various situations are analyzed. The distinction of patterns of individual behavior, as well as its social forms facilitating the cumulative effect is made. The standard rules prescribe a order of actions in any situation. The standard regulation of behavior structurally reproduces the model of control of behavior due to existing consequences (i.e. includes guideline of conditions, expected behavior and its result) and can be analyzed with the help of the so-called ABC-scheme or formula SD-R-C. It is indicated the functional role of the rule in the type of operation behavior. Moreover, it is mentioned the complexity of rule-governed behavior identification in the line of other behavior acts. The analysis of rule essence is paid a lot of attention to.

Standard Behavior under Legal Control: A Behavioristic Approach

The standard behavior based on the so-called legal type of control is considered. The mechanisms of modeling of required behavior through standard rules, ways of increasing its probability, tools of transfer of behavior in various situations are analyzed. The distinction of patterns of individual behavior, as well as its social forms facilitating the cumulative effect is made. The standard rules prescribe a order of actions in any situation. The standard regulation of behavior structurally reproduces the model of control of behavior due to existing consequences (i.e. includes guideline of conditions, expected behavior and its result) and can be analyzed with the help of the so-called ABC-scheme or formula SD-R-C. It is indicated the functional role of the rule in the type of operation behavior. Moreover, it is mentioned the complexity of rule-governed behavior identification in the line of other behavior acts. The analysis of rule essence is paid a lot of attention to.