The Differences in Leadership Styles Among Generations

Studies show that there are differences among generations in terms of characteristics and work attitudes and values, and these differences in their work values and attitudes as well as their characteristics affect their leadership styles at the workplaces. However, little research has been produced from the perspective of leaders. This research's purpose of the project is to set forth whether the leaders in different generations are adapting different leadership styles according to the generations or not in order to be successful during their leadership. The study was conducted in automotive industry in Turkey. Two mixed focus group discussions were conducted with leaders representing each generational cohort groups. The study's results support that there are more differences than the similarities among the generations, which is in compliance with many studies conducted by the researchers. Also, the leaders tend to adapt different leadership styles according to the generations of their subordinates.

Fuzzy Goal Programming With Interval Type-2 for Solving Multi-Objective Sustainable Supplier Selection Problems

Supply chain management is going on changing and developing in line with the needs of the growing global supply chain. Performance of supply chain, considered as a whole so that businesses can accommodate these evolvements and change, needs to be improved in the long run. Actually, businesses work with suppliers complying with their policies from past to present. However, other dimensions of sustainability should be considered, as well as economic criteria when selecting suppliers. With the right supplier selection made in this respect, by contributing to the efficient functioning of the supply chain, it will increase customer satisfaction, and therefore, the enterprises will reach the goals they set. The solution of the multi-objective sustainable supplier selection problem has been realized by using the “satisfied optimal supplier design” algorithm, also called fuzzy goal programming, with de novo-based interval type-2 proposed in this study.

An Action Research to Identify Problems Experienced in the ERP System Installation Process in SMEs

In today's conditions, where information plays a leading role in all administrative and operational processes of the business, it is very important to collect, store, and present information to the user for the effectiveness and efficiency of all business processes. One of the tools that is important in information management and frequently preferred by businesses is the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. This study aimed to identify the problems faced by enterprises and the root causes underlying these problems in the ERP system transition process. The problems experienced in system transition were identified by taking part in the system installation process of a medium-sized enterprise that decided to implement an ERP system, for 18 months. As a result of the study, it was determined that the enterprise had problems mostly in the design and data transfer stages of the system. The main causes of these problems were determined as the difficulties encountered in restructuring the business processes and the resistance of the employees to change.

Applications of Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Security Issues in Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management (SCM) systems provide the ability of information sharing and interpretation of contextual information to businesses and help their day-to-day operations. This chapter presents an introduction to radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and its applications in SCM. The chapter also describes the technical basics of RFID systems and examines several industry-specific applications of this technology to SCM to provide crucial implementation reviews. Next, the chapter emphasizes many inherent vulnerabilities of this pervasive computing technology in the context of security and privacy. This chapter presents a classification mechanism for risks that RFID networks come across by describing a categorization of RFID attacks, describing their main characteristics, and discussing possible countermeasures. The chapter aims to classify the existing weakness of RFID communication so that an appropriate understanding of RFID attacks can be realised, and subsequently, more effective procedures can be deployed to combat these attacks.

The Negative Role of Environmental Pollution on International Trade

The purpose of this study is to determine the main causes behind companies causing carbon emissions. In this way, the main reasons for companies to make carbon emissions have been explored. For this purpose, six different variables that are thought to be effective on this issue were determined. After that, an examination was made with fuzzy DEMATEL method in order to determine which of these factors are more important. The findings indicate that legal deficiency is the main reason for companies to cause carbon emissions. In this situation, it is a must to take necessary measures for the solution of this problem. In order for overcome legal deficiency problem, it is understood that the legal infrastructure should be adapted to this process. In order to increase the international trade volume, it is necessary to impose penal sanctions on companies and to regularly inspect these companies. In addition to these, incentives can be given to companies that are in competitive sectors and to create an awareness on this subject, governments can facilitate training programs.

The Regulation of Agri-Food Safety by Regulations

The majority of the nations around the world have become melting pots of civilization, leading to an increasing interconnectedness of the global food system. However, with the long-winded food supply chains there exists information asymmetry between the consumers and the food they consume, making them more vulnerable to the outbreaks of diseases caused by tainted food. As an assurance that food is acceptable for human and animal consumption, food safety averts any exposure to food frauds and foodborne illness outbreaks therefrom. For this reason, the law endows the food regulators and the food business operators (FBOs) with the “trace, alert, and recall” tools at all levels of a food supply chain to regulate the safety of both the domestic as well as the imported articles of food. As a risk assessment and management tool, traceability furthers the mandate of law enforcement in facilitating and targeting the recall or removal/withdrawal of articles of foods.

Economic Opportunities in One Belt One Road (OBOR) Project and Turkey's Position

After a short time from the discovery of silk by China, it had become a status symbol in the world, and it reached up to the Roman Empire. This created trade routes and they were called the “Silk Road.” The goods that came to the Mediterranean through this historical trade route were distributed to the world through Mediterranean ports. However, invention of compass by China paved the way for geographical discoveries and new trade routes were found as a result of these discoveries. These developments reduced importance of the Silk Road. Approx. 500 years later, China became a manufacturing center as a result of its trade with the West. This situation reminded China of the “Historic Silk Road,” and they announced the project under the name of One Belt One Road to the world in 2013, which is essentially a modern version of the “Historic Silk Road.” Economic Opportunities In Obor Project will be analysed in this study.

Supplier Evaluation With BWM and Fuzzy CODAS Methods

The selection of supplier is a crucial process. The main objective of supplier selection problem is to determine the most suitable suppliers with respect to the company's goals. The selection of supplier is, therefore, an important process for the firm to obtain goals of business. MCDM methods are useful to address this problem as supplier selection problem contains many criteria. An integrated MCDM model comprising BWM and fuzzy CODAS is proposed to address a supplier selection problem for a Turkish furniture workshop in this study. This study aims to fill the research gap in the literature. This research gap is that the number of studies using the BWM and CODAS method together is limited.

Critical Success Factors for Effective Backhauling in Distribution Channels of British Supermarkets

An effective backhaul in distribution may help organizations reduce their costs and increase operational efficiency. Effective backhauling can also help companies in their societal marketing facilities by reducing carbon emissions. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank critical success factors in effective backhauling. Analytical hierarchical process method is conducted on managers working in the distribution of supermarket retail chains in the UK. A total of six factors are identified based on the literature review and qualitative interviews with managers. According to overall results, the most important critical success factor is found to be effective delivery planning followed by effective communication with suppliers and demand forecasting. However, different groups in the sample have different rankings. According to third party logistics managers, the most important critical success factor is collaborative logistics.

Managing Transportation in Supply Chain

Supply chain management is the managing of all processes of goods, services, and information from suppliers to customers. Transportation network design is an important part of effective supply chain management. This chapter presents the two-stage fixed-charge transportation problem in a supply chain to minimize the total cost containing the opening cost of distribution centers, transportation cost from manufacture to distribution centers and from distribution centers to customers, and fixed cost for transportation from distribution centers to customers. There are the capacity constraints on distribution centers in order to consider real life situations in this chapter. A constructive based algorithm and a population-based algorithm are proposed to solve this complex optimization problem. Taguchi experimental design is applied for determining the best combinations of parameters. The experimental studies are conducted to compare the performance of the proposed algorithms according to solution quality.