Profile of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) of female Bali breed cattle transported by traditional vessel from Sumbawa to Pontianak

<p class="Abstract">Transportation of livestock using traditional vessel is one of traditional methodused to fulfill the needs of beef. It requires precise handling because it may cause stress in animals. Transportation stress causing 8 to 11 % of animal death, decreasing the body weight up to 8 % and decreasing reproductive performance of animals. This study aimed to determine the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones in 1 to 2 y.o female Bali breeding cattle transported from Sumbawa to Pontianak for 120 h using 100 GT traditional vessel with two floors and a capacity of 300 to 400 heads. Five cows were selected by purposive sampling. Blood samples were taken three times: before transportation (at Sumbawa Animal Quarantine Installation), during loading (at traditional vessel) and after transportation (at Pontianak Animal Quarantine Installation) then tested by ELISA to determine the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The result showed that there was a decline in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentration, they increased during loading, decreased during docking, and decreased further when the livestock were at Animal Quarantine Installation. Therefore, transportation affects the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It would be concluded that transportation affected hormone of T3 and T4. <o:p></o:p></p>

Oligocene-Pleistocene Paleogeography within Banyumas Basin and implication to petroleum potential

<p>This study attempts to reconstruct paleogeography of Banyumas Basin in association with magmatic arc evolution and its implication to petroleum potential. Based on the volcanic rocks distribution, their association and relatives age, there are three alignments of a magmatic arc, that are: (1) Oligo-Miocene arc in the south (2) Mio-Pliocene arc in the middle (3) Plio-Pleistocene arc in the north. The consequences of the magmatic arc movement were tectonic setting changing during Oligocene to Pleistocene, as well as their paleogeography. During Oligo-Miocene where magmatic arc existed in the southern part, the Banyumas tectonic setting was a back-arc basin. This tectonic setting was changing to intra-arc basin during Mio-Pliocene and subsequently to fore-arc basin since Plio-Pleistocene until today. Back-arc basin is the most suitable paleogeography to create a depositional environment for potential source rocks. Exploration activity to prove the existence of source rocks during Oligo-Miocene is needed to reveal petroleum potential in Banyumas Basin.<br></p>

Edible biofilm formation from guava seed waste fermentation

Guava seed is by-product from the consumption of guava fruits. We interested to explore further the potential of guava seed waste using fermentation method. The purpose of this research was to determine the ability of biofilm formation produced from fermentation of guava seed. Fermented guava seed was prepared by solid-state fermentation method using banana leaves wrap at 37 °C for 72 h. It were then continued with isolation and screening of bacteria from the fermentation products, preparation of bacteria cultures to be used in biofilm formation, and formation of biofilm by glass slides and broth cultures methods. The edible biofilm formation by glass slide method was observed by light microscopy using 0.5 % Crystal Violet dye, while biofilm formation by broth cultures method was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using phosphotungstic acid 2 % dye. The results show that there were 3 (three) strains lactic acid bacteria (LAB) candidates isolated from fermented guava seed waste product (J6, J7, and J8 strains). The observation by light microscopy showed that J7 strain was the only strain which was unable to form biofilm by glass slide method. All the strains showed the ability to form biofilms in different stages by broth cultures method. Thus, guava seed fermentation was able to produce edible biofilm but the LAB strains still need to be identified further.<br>

Phenotypic identification and numerical taxonomy of pigmented bacteria isolated from marine and freshwater aquatic at Yogyakarta, Indonesia

<p class="Abstract"><span class="fontstyle01">Numerical phenetic analysis was used to compare phenotypic data obtained from 6 isolates of pigmented bacteria strains taken from marine and river aquatic. Each strain was tested for 120 characters, analysed using the simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard (SJ) similarity indices with unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering method. All of the strains classified into two clusters, cluster A as marine pigmented bacteria and cluster B as river pigmented bacteria. Differences were observed between the dendrograms derived from the SSM and SJ. Presence of bacteriochlorophyll–a (Bchl–a), carotenoids, as well as other biochemical tests of three marine pigmented strains were in match with key characters of the genera<i> </i></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">Roseobacter, Roseateles</span><span class="fontstyle01" style="">, and </span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">Erythrobacter</span><span class="fontstyle01">. Three of river pigmented strains were identified as </span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">Xanthobacter</span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">, </span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">Flavobacterium</span><span class="fontstyle01" style=""><i>, </i>and </span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-style: italic;">Pseudomonas</span><span class="fontstyle01"><i>.</i> It was proved that the marine and river pigmented bacteria isolates showed a relative phenotypically distance. It was clearly seen that the phenetic approach was a necessary tool to delimitate and identify the pigmented bacteria from different habitats.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

Regression model accuracy comparison on mangrove canopy density mapping

<p class="Abstract">Mangrove canopy density condition is often considered in the coastal environment management, so that the accurate data of spatial distribution of mangrove canopy density is needed. This condition need to be studied further related to methods in the mangrove canopy density mapping. However, did not much research compare the mapping accuracy about mangrove canopy density using vegetation index and the combination of statistical regression models, especially using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of mangrove canopy density mapping using NDVI, MSAVI, and MSARVI with simple linear, quadratic, logarithmic, and exponential regression applied to Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. Mangrove canopy density data resulted from a field survey at Jor and Kecebing Bay, East Lombok. The result of accuracy analysis presented NDVI was the best vegetation index in mapping compared MSAVI and MSARVI with an accuracy above 80 % (linear regression analysis of NDVI: 81.66 %, quadratic regression analysis of NDVI: 80.84 %, exponential regression analysis of NDVI: 80.71 %, logarithmic regression analysis of NDVI: 80.68 %). Mapping the mangrove canopy density through the combination of another vegetation index (MSAVI and MSARVI) with four regression models had accuracy of between 70 % to 80 %, except a mangrove canopy density mapping accuracy using quadratic regression between MSARVI and field data, only reached 62.78 %. <o:p></o:p></p>

Ship detection in Madura Strait and Lamong Gulf using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

<p class="Abstract">During the recent years, maritime surveillance has been receiving a growing interest. Ship detection and identification are parts of maritime surveillance in order to dealing with illegal fishery, maritime traffic, sea border activity, or oil spill detection and monitoring. Nowadays, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) as one of active remote sensing technology provide signals to penetrate cloud, can be advantage to be used in tropical region with the intention to monitor sea objects on the sea surface from the space. The availability of Sentinel-1 as SAR imaging mission, providing continuous all-weather, day-and-night imagery, makes it ideal for precise cueing and location of ship activities at sea. Utilization of CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) algorithm provided by SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) software from ESA show rapid detection of ship in the study areas (Madura Strait and Lamong Gulf). Compared with manual ship extraction method, it gives sufficient results.<o:p></o:p></p>