Multiple Regressions Analysis to investigate the optimal yield of Guava fruits at different level of NPK Fertilizers in south west Nigeria

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of fertilizers (Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium) on Guava; examines which of the three elements of NPK contribute most to the weight of guava seed. It thus further determines at what proportion each of the three elements is to be applied for optimum yield. Subjects and Methods: A 3 x 3 factorial experiments were adopted in the data analysis; further tests were conducted using different Post Hoc test approaches and a multiple regression analysis was derived to investigate at what proportion the elements are to be applied for optimum yield. Results: The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that only Phosphorus and Potassium contribute to the growth and weight yield of guava. The Post-Hoc Tests showed that there was a significant difference between the mean pair of P0 & P20 and P0 & P40 with a p-value of 0.000 and 0.000 respectively. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean pair of K0 & K50 and K0 & P100 with a p-value of 0.004 and 0.008 respectively which is less than the significant level at 0.05. Furthermore, the overall multiple regression models for the weight yield of guava fruits were obtained as: (Y)=5.646+0.0556N-0.3611P+1.5694K+1.7167NP+1.1333NK+1.0361PK. Conclusion: Thus, to obtain an optimal yield of 12- 20t/ha of guava fruits, phosphorus and potassium are to be applied at 40k.g and 50kg respectively with spacing of 6 x 6m accommodating 277.7 plants per hectare.

Pharmacological Effects of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Seed Polysaccharides: GSF3 Inhibits PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through Immunotherapy In Vitro

The inhibitory effects of purified fractions isolated from guava seed polysaccharides (GSPS) including guava seed polysaccharide fraction 1 (GSF1), GSF2, and GSF3 on prostate cancer cells remain unclear. To clarify the anti-prostate cancer potential, GSPS, GSF1, GSF2, and GSF3 were isolated using Sepharose 6B gel filtration chromatography to assay their inhibitory effects on prostate PC-3 cell growth with direct action or indirect immunotherapy using either splenocyte conditioned media (SCM) or macrophage conditioned media (MCM). Correlations between cytokine profiles in the conditioned media and pro-apoptotic gene expression levels in the corresponding treated PC-3 cells were analyzed. Results showed that GSPS, GSF1, GSF2, and GSF3, particularly GSF3, through either direct action or indirect treatments using SCM or MCM, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited PC-3 cell growth. GSF3 direct treatments increased pro-apoptotic Bax/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratios in corresponding treated PC-3 cells. Either SCM or MCM cultured with GSF3 increased Fas mRNA expression levels in corresponding treated PC-3 cells. Both Th2-polarized and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 either secreted in SCM or MCM were positively correlated with Fas mRNA expression levels in corresponding treated PC-3 cells. Our results suggest that GSF3 is a potent biological response modifier to decrease PC-3 cell growth through inducing apoptosis.

Phytosterol, Lipid and Phenolic Composition, and Biological Activities of Guava Seed Oil

Plant seeds have been found to contain bioactive compounds that have potential nutraceutical benefits. Guava seeds (Psidium guajava) are by-products in the beverage and juice industry; however, they can be utilized for a variety of commercial purposes. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals of the n-hexane extract of guava seed oil (GSO), to study its free-radical scavenging activity, and to monitor the changes in serum lipids and fatty acid profiles in rats that were fed GSO. The GSO was analyzed for phytochemicals using chromatographic methods. It was also tested for free-radical scavenging activity in hepatoma and neuroblastoma cells, and analyzed in terms of serum lipids and fatty acids. GSO was found to contain phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid and its derivatives) and phytosterols (e.g., stimasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol), and exerted radical-scavenging activity in cell cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term consumption of GSO did not increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat serum, but it tended to decrease serum fatty acid levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to report on the lipid, phytosterol and phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, and the hepato- and neuro-protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress levels in the GSO extract.

Guava Seeds Derived Phytochemicals against Dysentery

Phytochemicals are the secondary metabolites that are known as nonnutritive but extremely beneficial for the defensive system for the organism. These phytochemicals can be obtained from all the plants and they play a major role in curing differnt diseases. The extract of the guava seed contains various phytochemicals that can cure the disease like dysentery, caused by the protozoa parasite, namely Entamoeba histolytica. “Biovia Discovery Studio” was used for the molecular docking process. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Heptadecanoic acid can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme further inhibiting the biological process of the causative organism.

Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Face Wash Gel using Guava Seed Extract

During the puberty, imbalance of internal constituents and hormonal balance may cause many skin problems. Acne is found as most common skin problem. Face and neck are the major affected area. Preventive approaches involve removal of oil from the face. Proper cleaning and washing require for this purpose. Various researches have been proved utility of herbal based formulations for cleaning purpose which also removes excess oil; considering this fact present work was intended to prepare a face wash gel using Psidium guajava seed extract with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Prepared gel was evaluated for various quality control parameters like; spreadability, pH, consistency and grittiness, etc. The results of quality control parameters were found to be satisfactory. Keywords: Acne, Gel, Antimicrobial, Psidium guajava, Face-wash