COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GIVING BINAHONG LEAF (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) AND PAPAYA LEAF (Carica papaya) ON SKIN WOUND HEALING IN WHITE RAT (Rattus novergicus)

Introduction: The incidence of acute and chronic injuries increases every year. Most injuries in the world population, as many as 48%, are caused by trauma or surgery. the highest incidence of wounds in the world based on the etiology was from surgery, which was 110.30 million cases. One of the handlings of wounds on the skin can be done by giving herbal medicines, which can be easily accessed by the public, such as binahong leaves and papaya leaves. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of giving 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream on the wound distance in the white rat wound healing process. Method: this study is an experimental study with post-test only control group design approach. The sampling technique used in this study was a random sampling method where the number of samples was calculated using the Federer formula, with a total sample of 28 white rats. The distance of the wound was measured using a micrometer. Results: Twenty-eight wound distance on rats were measured as subjects of the study and then treated with binahong leaf extract cream and papaya leaf extract cream, then the wound distance of each treatment was measured using a micrometer. According to the results, 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream showed better effectiveness in reducing the wound distance of white rat incision than the negative control group (cream base) and positive control group (gentamicin ointment). According to the Mann Whitney test comparing the P1 group (40% binahong leaf extract cream) and P2 (40% papaya leaf extract cream), p-value >0.05, which is 0.543, which means that P1 has no significant mean difference with P2. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the treatment of 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream.

CHILDREN'S AGE WHEN GETTING COMPLEMENTARY FOOD AND SHORT STATURE EVENTS IN CHILDREN 12-24 MONTHS

Introduction: Short stature remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) data showed that Indonesia is the third-highest ranked for short stature prevalence among countries in Southeast Asia. National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 stated that the prevalence of short stature children was 37.2%. Short stature is caused by various factors, and one of the causes is early complementary feeding. Purpose: To analyze the association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature in children 12-24 months. Method: This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling technique using non-probability sampling, i.e., consecutive sampling. Data collected through interviews, questionnaires, and physical examinations of children's body length and weight. Research location was in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test. There were 182 subjects included in this study. Results: Among those who received complementary feeding before six months old, 53 children (76.8%) had short stature, and 16 children (23.2%) were normal. Meanwhile, after six months old, those who received complementary feeding were 40 children (35.4%) who had short stature, and 73 babies (64.4%) received complementary foods after six months with normal growth. Chi-square test showed a significant association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature among children aged 12-24 months in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center (p<0,001; PR = 2.17, 95% CI=1.642.87). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between child age when receivingcomplementary feeding and short stature in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF GNETUM GNEMON L. LEAVES EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Introduction: Bacterial infections are common among doctors in Indonesia, leading to increased use of antibiotics. Increased use of antibiotics, if not accompanied by rational indication, can increase bacterial resistance. At present, alternative medicine from natural ingredients is widely studied, one of which is the leaves of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.). Melinjo leaves are thought to contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Staphylococcus aureus is a round Gram-positive bacteria, that forms grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus aureus is a normal flora on the skin and human mucosa but can be opportunistic pathogens that cause mild to severe infections such as sepsis. Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus can produce hemolysis blood, frozen plasma, and produce various extracellular enzymes and toxins. Purpose: This research aims to study the MIC and MBC of melinjo leaves extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental study with a posttest control group design. Method: Testing conducted using the microdilution method. Melinjo leaves used were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Samples were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 from BBLK Surabaya. Results: extract of melinjo leaves (Gnetum gnemon L.) had MIC on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 640 mg/ml. MBC was not obtained because the extract of melinjo leaves clotted above 1280 mg/ml concentration. Conclusion: Melinjo leaves extract has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC is obtained at a concentration of 640 mg/ml, and the MBC cannot be determined.

HEMOTHORAX FOLLOWING PENETRATING THORACIC INJURY (GUNSHOT WOUND) IN GERIATRIC PATIENT: A CASE REPORT AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Penetrating chest trauma is highly lethal. Studies have reported up to 60% mortality depending on the mechanism of injury. While penetrating chest trauma is less common than blunt trauma, it can be more deadly. High-velocity gunshot injury resulting in penetrating thoracic trauma in geriatric patients poses a significant challenge for the traumatic surgeon. Hemothorax is usually a consequence of penetrating chest trauma. It can be caused by intercostal arterial bleeding, especially the posterior part. Initial treatment, including chest tube drainage insertion, is needed to avoid lung compression and to assess future treatment needed. Purpose: To report the patient survival from massive hemothorax caused by penetrating Thoracic injury caused by an air rifle, treated by chest tube insertion and posterolateral thoracotomy to take out the bullet several days after. Case Report: 70-year male patient came to the Emergency Room (ER) Adihusada Hospital Surabaya with a penetrating chest injury caused by an air rifle on the right side of the chest. The patient had chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypoxia. By inserting a chest tube, emergency management was done by a general surgeon due to the massive right hemothorax. An immediate chest tube insertion was needed to overcome the patient’s breathing problem to assess the future treatment needed. Chest X-ray and CT-Scan was done immediately after the patient’s hemodynamic were stable. Three days after hospitalizing, the Cardiothoracic and vascular surgeon performed posterolateral thoracotomy to take the bullet out of the chest. Conclusion: Seven days postoperatively, the patient was discharged from the hospital without any complications and stable hemodynamic. The patient went to the outpatient department for follow-up one week after.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIMICOTIC EXTRACT OF ETHANOL TEMU KUNCI AND TEMULAWAK ON CANDIDA ALBICANS

Introduction: Candida albicans are normal flora bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Candida albicans are said to be one of the causes of vaginal discharge or fluor albus. Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) are the ingredients of herbal medicines with the potential as an antifungal. Purpose: This study aims to explain the differences in the antifungal effect of the Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts and explain how the combination of Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts has an antifungal effect on Candida albicans by using the experimental study of post-test control group design. Method: This study uses the Kirby-Baurer method and then measures the inhibitory zone by using calipers then comparing the inhibition zone of each extract. Results: The research results show no difference in the effectiveness of each extract, and no inhibition zone was found for each extract. Conclusion: This study concludes that the two extracts are not effective against C.albicans.

COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AND NECK RANGE OF MOTION IN OFFICE EMPLOYEES

Introduction: A lot of employees working in front of a computer complaining about some symptoms. Eye and vision problems connected to the prolonged use of a computer are called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or Digital Eye Strain. One of the symptoms of CVS is neck pain. In comparison, Range of Motion (ROM) is used to determine the ability of joint movements. Aside from that, it can also be used to maintain flexibility and joint mobility. Purpose: To explain the association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the reduction in neck range of Motion in Employees. Method: The type of this research is analytic observational, and the design of this research is Cross-Sectional Study. This research was conducted from Tuesday, 16th July 2019, until Wednesday, 17th July 2019, using CVS-Q and goniometer dy. Results: We collected 156 respondents that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We obtain p=0,02, p <0,05 meaning there is an association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the neck range’s Motion. Conclusion: To conclude, there is an association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the neck range’s Motion.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE NON-TOXIGENIC

Introduction: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacteria that causes diphtheria. In recent years, the bacterium is resistant to antibiotics. Eugenia polyantha wight might be a suitable antibiotic alternative as it has antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. The content of the antibacterial compound in Eugenia polyantha wight at specific concentrations is expected to be able to kill the Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial effect of Eugenia polyantha wight to Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic. Method: Bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha wight) made with maceration method. This research is an experimental study conducted in vitro using a microdilution test on 96 well plates then count value with the streaking method to find out MBC. Results: bactericidal power was quite effective at the concentration of 40%, while at the concentration of 80%-100% has very strong bactericidal power that could destroy the growth of bacteria 99.9%. The higher the concentration of bay leaves extract, the higher the bactericidal power of bacteria Conclusion: Eugenia polyantha wight has an antibacterial effect against Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic.