Cambodia’s New Digital Signature, E-Commerce and Consumer Protection Laws: Key Components of a Bold Strategy for Dramatic Future Economic Growth

Cambodia has a bold new strategy to stimulate E-commerce and to grow the economy. The Digital Signature (DSL), Consumer Protection (CPL), and E-Commerce Laws (ECL) are important components of that strategy. The DSL provides for licensing of certifying authorities and does not prohibit other types of E-signatures. The CPL prohibits deceptive advertising and creates a consumer complaint procedure. The ECL recognizes the legal validity of secure E-documents and E-signatures, including as evidence in a court of law. The ECL states requirements of secure E-signatures and secure E-documents; E-contract rules; rules for liability of internet service providers and E-sellers; E-government provisions; E-payments services rules; and computer crimes. The ECL should be improved by: (a) recognizing electronic wills, powers of attorney, and real estate documents; (b) adding attribution rules and acknowledge receipt rules for E-contracts; (c) adding mandatory E-government; (d) adding a comprehensive computer crimes law; and (e) adding IT Courts.

Analysis of Natural Resources Management in Indonesia: Environmental Law Perspective

Natural resource management covers a wide spectrum of activities and projects because it has implications for the unity of the sub-national, national, and supranational territories in which these natural resources are managed. The purpose of this research is to investigate, analyze, and make efforts to solve problems related to natural resource management in Indonesia from an environmental law perspective. This study uses a normative and qualitative juridical approach and uses primary, secondary, and tertiary data as its sources, especially on studies of natural resource management from a legal perspective. The results of the study found that environmental law in Indonesia cannot be separated from an understanding of the development of global commitments, both those that function as guidelines (international soft law) and those that are binding (hard law) in the form of laws and regulations related to natural resource management policies in Indonesia. should be implemented consistently, measurably, and refers to the principles of good governance to maintain the continuity of functions and benefits of natural resources in Indonesia. as mandated by the 1945 Constitution.

FUNCTIONS AND ROLES OF THE REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILS (DPD) OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA IN STRENGTHENING REGIONAL AUTONOMY IN THE BICAMERAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Since the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the Indonesian parliamentary system has changed from a unicameral system to a bicameral system. The manifestation of this institution has awakened the hopes of local people that regional problems can be fought for at the national level. However, if we pay attention to the functions, powers, and tasks that have been regulated in Article 22 D of the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 22 of 2003 concerning the composition and position of the in the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the House of Representatives (DPR), the Regional Representative Council (DPD) and Regional People's Representative Assembly (DPRD), there are many assumptions that whether the functions of the Regional Representative Council can be representing regional interests. The Regional Representative Council (DPD) does not only function as counseling for the regional autonomy council, it does not serve the legislative body as a country that adopts a bicameral system. Amendments to the 1945 constitution are the main way to strengthen the position of this institution as a companion to the DPR.

A Roof Over Their Heads: Housing Public Policies for Returning Inmates

Returning from prison can be a daunting experience and a difficult adjustment for anyone. Prisoner reentry programs are needed for public policies advocating for a new approach to an old problem: How do recently released inmates successfully reenter society once they have served their societal debt? There are tremendous obstacles to reentering society, yet housing is among the most pressing reentry problems to solve. In our research, we discuss and consider the public policy issue most pertinent to successful reentry, affordable, and available housing as a necessity for returning inmates. Housing is key to solving even a tiny part of a much bigger problem in criminal justice public policy circles: the public management of crime in America.

AI-assisted inventions in the field of drug discovery: readjusting the obviousness analysis

Artificial intelligence (‘AI’) is increasingly applied at all stages of drug discovery. While AI has the potential to boost innovation, it also raises many important ethical, social, political, and legal issues. Among the latter are the challenges that AI poses for the patent system. With the rapid evolution of AI technologies and the increase in their computational power, the process of inventing has undergone substantial changes. As AI significantly expands human capabilities, inventions that were previously the result of human ingenuity, perseverance or serendipity can now be achieved by routine experimentations with the use of AI. This article argues, therefore, that the patent law approaches that were developed to assess human-generated inventions are not suitable for AI-assisted inventions and requires urgent reconsideration. It will explain that the proper test for the obviousness assessment needs to take into account the advancement of AI technology and will provide suggestions on how the analysis can be modified.

The Relationship Between Social Expectations and Management's Public Policies in Times of Crisis

Various problems arise in almost every country. These crises, which have a wide-ranging influence on society; irregularities in income distribution, terrorism, activities of criminal organizations, intolerance of various segments of society, abuse at the state level, restriction of liberties, epidemic diseases, natural disasters. Each crisis causes different results in society. Social problems can cause people to act in search of ways to benefit from this situation to maintain the existing standard of living since it affects living conditions. Also, they may give illegal reactions to protect themselves against social security problems that may arise. Perception, approach, problems arising from attitudes, and perplexing relationships are formed between public expectations, and public policies created by the management during times of crisis. For managers who have a voice in a country's administration to make the right decisions and implement them, they should know the characteristics of their society, their needs, expectations, and what their problems are.

INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP AND DISCIPLINE ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH MOTIVATION IN BINWASNAKER AND K3 EMPLOYEES OF JAKARTA

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and discipline on organizational performance simultaneously, knowing the influence of leadership on organizational performance partially, knowing the influence of discipline on organizational performance partially, knowing the effect of motivation on organizational performance partially, knowing the effect of leadership on performance through motivation and know the influence of discipline on organizational performance through motivation variables. The study was conducted at the Jakarta Civil Servants and K3 Employees' organization. Sampling using saturated samples involving 200 employees in all parts of the organization. Data analysis uses path analysis. Based on the results of the study note that the variables of leadership and discipline simultaneously affect organizational performance. Leadership variables affect organizational performance partially. Discipline variables partially affect organizational performance. Motivational variables affect organizational performance partially. The influence of leadership and discipline influences organizational performance through motivation.

INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVOLVED GOVERNANCE IN KENYA

There are many factors that influence public participation; one of them is demographic factors. This study established how demographic characteristics of the public influence their participation in development activities in the devolved system of governance in Kenya. The chi square test for independence, from the value at χ(12)=40.9,p =0.000; established that there was significant association between demographic characteristics and public participation activities. It was also establish that demographic factors such as age, gender and level of education influence publicparticipation to a large extent. It was found that; male tend to participate more than female; youth tend to participate more than elderly people; and the educated people tend to make more meaningful and quality contribution. Therefore there is need to have a proper planning so as to optimise the participation of all stakeholder by considering their gender, age and level of education.

INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP AND INTEGRITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT VARIABLES PT. MENARA TERUS MAKMUR

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and integrity on organizational performance simultaneously, determine the effect of leadership on organizational performance partially, know the effect of integrity on organizational performance partially, determine the effect of organizational commitment partially on organizational performance, determine the effect of leadership on organizational performance through organizational commitment and determine the effect of integrity on organizational performance through organizational commitment. The study was conducted at PT. Menara Keep Forward Jakarta. Sampling using saturated samples involving 267 employees in all parts of the organization. Data analysis uses path analysis. Based on data analysis, it is known that leadership and integrity variables influence simultaneously organizational performance. Leadership variables affect organizational performance partially. Integrity variables affect organizational performance partially. Variable organizational commitment partially affects organizational performance. Organizational commitment can have an increasing impact between leadership and integrity on organizational performance.

EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETENCE TO PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATION THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION PT. UBIN KERAMIK KEMENANGAN

This study aimed to determine the effect of the work environment and competence to organizational performance simultaneously, determine the effect of the work environment on the performance of an organization partially, the effect of competence to organizational performance partially, determine the effect of job satisfaction on organizational performance partially, determine the effect of the working environment to organizational performance through job satisfaction and the effect of competence to organizational performance through job satisfaction. The study was conducted at PT. Ubin Keramik Kemenangan. Sampling using saturated samples involving 161 employees in all parts of the organization. Analysis of data using path analysis. Based on data analysis known that the working environment and competence variables affect the performance of the organization simultaneously. Work environment variables affect the performance of an organization partially. Competence variables affect the performance of an organization partially. Competence variables affect the performance of an organization partially. Job satisfaction can provide an improved impact between the work environment and competence to organizational performance.