A comparison of work environment, job insecurity, and health between marginal part‐time workers and full‐time workers in Denmark using pooled register data

This article aims to explore the role of eligibility for parental leave as a determinant of access and as an enabler of leave take-up. To analyse the link between eligibility and take-up, we study a unique policy change in Luxembourg’s parental leave scheme. The country’s 2016 parental leave reform relaxed the eligibility criteria to enable marginal part-time working parents to access the parental leave scheme for the first time. We focus on this change and examine to what extent relaxing the eligibility criteria translated into increased take-up by the marginal part-time working parents who became eligible. To quantify this transition, we analyse trends in and patterns of eligibility for the scheme in Luxembourg between 2009 and 2018 among first-time parents working full-time, part-time, or marginal part-time hours. We use a subsample of Luxembourg-resident, cohabiting, first-time parents (N = 6,254) drawn from the social security data. Our analysis shows that as eligibility is dependent on individual factors, it has similarities among mothers and fathers, whereas take-up is notably greater for mothers. After the reform, we observe that marginal part-time working mothers started taking parental leave, but up to 2018, the reform’s outreach to marginal part-time working fathers remained limited. We also find that foreign national parents are less likely to be eligible for parental leave and have lower take-up rates. Despite the gendered parental leave take-up behaviours in parallel with international evidence, marginal part-time working mothers’ positive response to the reform indicates progress towards strengthening women’s labour market attachment in Luxembourg.

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Empirical Study of Employment Arrangements and Precariousness in Australia

Relations industrielles ◽

10.7202/014186ar ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 465-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Amber M. Louie ◽

Aleck S. Ostry ◽

Michael Quinlan ◽

Tessa Keegel ◽

Jean Shoveller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Insecurity ◽

Industrial Relations ◽

Child Poverty ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Job Characteristics ◽

Population Based ◽

Full Time ◽

Poor Child ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Part Time

Much research on precarious employment compares permanent workers with one or two other broadly-defined employment categories. We developed a more refined method of examining precariousness by defining current employment arrangements in terms of job characteristics. These employment arrangement categories were then compared in terms of socio-demographics and self-reported job insecurity. This investigation was based on a cross-sectional population-based survey of a random sample of 1,101 working Australians. Eight mutually exclusive employment categories were identified: Permanent Full-time (46.4%), Permanent Part-time (18.3%), Casual Full-time (2.7%), Casual Part-time (9.3%), Fixed Term Contract (2.1%), Labour Hire (3.6%), Own Account Self-employed (7.4%), and Other Self-employed (9.5%). These showed significant and coherent differences in job characteristics, socio-demographics and perceived job insecurity. These empirically-supported categories may provide a conceptual guide for government agencies, policy makers and researchers in areas including occupational health and safety, taxation, labour market regulations, the working poor, child poverty, benefit programs, industrial relations, and skills development.

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Nonstandard Employment in the Nordics – Toward Precarious Work?

Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies ◽

10.18291/njwls.v9is6.114689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stine Rasmussen ◽

Jouko Nätti ◽

Trine Pernille Larsen ◽

Anna Ilsøe ◽

Anne Helene Garde

Keyword(s):

Labor Markets ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Labour Force ◽

Nonstandard Employment ◽

Self Employment ◽

Marginal Part ◽

Time Work ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Part Time ◽

Institutional Contexts

This article examines nonstandard employment and precariousness in four Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway). Drawing on data from the Labour Force Survey from 1995 to 2015, the article investigates and compares recent developments of nonstandard employment in the countries and analyzes whether fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work, marginal part-time work and solo self-employment have precarious elements (measured as income or job insecurity). We conclude that nonstandard employment has remained rather stable in all four countries over time. However, although nonstandard employment seems to be largely integrated in the Nordic labor markets, it still entails precarious elements in certain countries in particular. Norway and Denmark stand out as having less insecure labor markets, while Finland and Sweden have more precariousness associated with nonstandard employment. We argue that these differences are explained by differences in the institutional contexts in the countries.

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Psychological climate predicting job insecurity through occupational self-efficacy

Personnel Review ◽

10.1108/pr-05-2017-0163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 360-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jasmina Tomas ◽

Darja Maslić Seršić ◽

Hans De Witte

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Bootstrap Method ◽

Psychological Climate ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Full Time ◽

Content Type ◽

Study Results

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesized mediation model that specifies psychological climate dimensions as antecedents of job insecurity, while accounting for occupational self-efficacy. Stemming from the conservation of resources theory, the authors hypothesize that job challenge, role harmony, leader support and co-worker cooperation negatively relate to job insecurity due to its positive correlation with occupational self-efficacy. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected with a sample of 329 white-collar employees from the ICT sector who were employed full-time and for a period of at least six months in their current organization. All hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling using the bootstrap method to test the significance of indirect effects. Findings Among the four work environment domains, only job challenge had a significant contribution in explaining job insecurity variance. This relationship was fully mediated by occupational self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional research design limits the ability to make causality inferences, while the convenience sampling method limits the generalizability of findings. Practical implications The study results indicate that well-designed (i.e. challenging, autonomous and important) job tasks may be advantageous in organizational interventions aimed at reducing job insecurity due to their potential to strengthen employees’ efficacy beliefs. Originality/value The study results contribute to current knowledge regarding the relative importance of work environment antecedents of job insecurity, as well as the prominent role played by occupational self-efficacy in explaining some of these relationships.

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The self-designed career in later life: a study of older portfolio workers in the United Kingdom

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x03001168 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 281-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

KERRY PLATMAN

Keyword(s):

Financial Risk ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Later Life ◽

Media Industry ◽

Full Time ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Time Work ◽

Part Time ◽

Barriers And Opportunities ◽

And Control

Secure, full-time jobs that last until the statutory retirement age have dwindled. Meanwhile, flexible forms of work have grown and are increasingly promoted as promising solutions to the ‘problem’ of economic inactivity in later life. Government committees, campaigning groups and management authors have warmly embraced the possibilities of self-employment, contract work, freelancing, consultancy and part-time work for those who need or want to work beyond the age of 50 years. Portfolio-type jobs appear to offer choice, opportunity and control for individuals in the final stages of a career. Working for a range of clients, so the argument goes, allows older people to bypass age-discriminatory barriers to employment and negotiate their own transition into retirement, but very little research has examined the viability of portfolio work in later life. This paper draws on a three-year study of freelance employment in the British media industry. The aim was to understand the conflicts, barriers and opportunities involved in portfolio careers in later life. It applies a critical realist perspective. The study found that older individuals were vulnerable to job insecurity and financial risk because of their diminishing networks and skills. They experienced a reduced flow of commissions, which hampered their ability to exert choice and control in the labour market.

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Exploring Barriers to Doctoral Education in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Insights From Practicing Professionals

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-20-00019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1552-1563

Author(s):

Denise A. Tucker ◽

Mary V. Compton ◽

Sarah J. Allen ◽

Robert Mayo ◽

Celia Hooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Doctoral Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Academic Research ◽

Doctoral Degree ◽

Full Time ◽

Doctoral Study ◽

Doctoral Research ◽

Part Time ◽

Advance Research ◽

Doctor Of Philosophy

Purpose The intended purpose of this research note is to share the findings of a needs assessment online survey of speech and hearing professionals practicing in North Carolina to explore their interest in pursuing a research-focused PhD in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) and to document their perceptions of barriers to pursing a PhD in CSD. In view of the well-documented shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD) faculty to attract, retain, and mentor doctoral students to advance research and to prepare future speech and hearing professionals, CSD faculty must assess the needs, perceptions, and barriers prospective students encounter when considering pursuing a doctoral research degree in CSD. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 242 speech and hearing professionals to investigate their interest in obtaining an academic research-focused PhD in CSD and to solicit their perceived barriers to pursuing a research doctoral degree in CSD. Results Two thirds of the respondents (63.6%) reported that they had considered pursuing a PhD in CSD. Desire for knowledge, desire to teach, and work advancement were the top reasons given for pursuing a PhD in CSD. Eighty-two percent of respondents had no interest in traditional full-time study. Forty-two percent of respondents indicated that they would be interested in part-time and distance doctoral study. The barriers of time, distance, and money emerged as those most frequently identified barriers by respondents. Conclusion The implications inform higher education faculty on how they can best address the needs of an untapped pool of prospective doctoral students in CSD.

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Part-time doctors report less burnout, greater satisfaction, and more work control than full-time physicians

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e504292010-005 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Full Time ◽

Work Control ◽

Part Time

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The Concept of Nontraditional Student

Vocational Training Research And Realities ◽

10.2478/vtrr-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 40-60

Author(s):

Treinienė Daiva

Keyword(s):

Nontraditional Students ◽

Social Roles ◽

Nontraditional Student ◽

Full Time ◽

Older Students ◽

Learning Differences ◽

Status Characteristics ◽

Part Time ◽

Definition Of ◽

The University

Abstract Nontraditional student is understood as one of the older students enrolled in formal or informal studies. In the literature, there is no detailed generalisation of nontraditional student. This article aims to reveal the concept of this particular group of students. Analysing the definition of nontraditional students, researchers identify the main criteria that allow to provide a more comprehensive concept of the nontraditional student. The main one is the age of these atypical students coming to study at the university, their selected form of studies, adult social roles status characteristics, such as family, parenting and financial independence as well as the nature of work. The described features of the nontraditional student demonstrate how the unconventional nontraditional student is different from the traditional one, which features are characteristic for them and how they reflect the nontraditional student’s maturity and experience in comparison with younger, traditional students. Key features - independence, internal motivation, experience, responsibility, determination. They allow nontraditional students to pursue their life goals, learn and move towards their set goals. University student identity is determined on the basis of the three positions: on the age suitability by social norms, the learning outcomes incorporated with age, on the creation of student’s ideal image. There are four students’ biographical profiles distinguished: wandering type, seeking a degree, intergrative and emancipatory type. They allow to see the biographical origin of nontraditional students, their social status as well as educational features. Biographical profiles presented allow to comprise the nontraditional student’s portrait of different countries. Traditional and nontraditional students’ learning differences are revealed by analysing their need for knowledge, independence, experience, skill to learn, orientation and motivation aspects. To sum up, the analysis of the scientific literature can formulate the concept of the nontraditional student. Nontraditional student refers to the category of 20-65 years of age who enrolls into higher education studies in a nontraditional way, is financially independent, with several social roles of life, studying full-time or part-time, and working full-time or part-time, or not working at all.

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Women and Entrepreneurship – Albanian Case

European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p249-253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Anna Xheka

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Special Focus ◽

Full Time ◽

Men And Women ◽

Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽

Part Time ◽

Women's Entrepreneurship ◽

The Difference

Women’s entrepreneurship is a powerful source, regarding to the women’s economic independence and empowerment, as well as regarding employment generation, economic growth and innovation, development and the reduction of poverty as well as one of the terms of gender equality. This poster presents the situation of women's entrepreneurship in Europe in comparative terms, with special focus in Albania. The paper has a descriptive nature. Describes three different plans in comparative terms; the representation of men and women in entrepreneurship, the representation of women in entrepreneurship in different countries of Europe and of Europe as a whole, as well as compare to gender quota. Through the processing of secondary data from various reports and studies, this poster concludes that although that the gender equality goal is the equal participation of men and women in all sectors, including the entrepreneurship, in this sector, gender gap it is still deep. Another significant comparative aspect, it is the difference between full and part –time women entrepreneurship. While in full time entrepreneurship in a convince way, men are those that dominate, in part time entrepreneurship clearly it’s evident the opposite trend, women's representation is much higher. It’s very interesting the fact, that the women’s entrepreneurship in Albania, presented in a significant optimistic situation, ranking in the second place, after Greece in the European level

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THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DISTANCE, PART-TIME AND FULL-TIME COURSES

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series Psychology Pedagogics Education ◽

10.28995/2073-6398-2020-3-41-50 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Almaziya G. Kataeva ◽

◽

Sergei D. Kataev ◽

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Professional Competence ◽

Time Frame ◽

Full Time ◽

Internet Resources ◽

Modern Development ◽

Grammatical Skills ◽

Part Time ◽

Time Courses

The modern development of society determines the forms and content of the process of teaching foreign languages. The quantity and quality of information in the field of mastering a foreign language is constantly growing as a means of sociocultural, linguistic and cultural and professional development of an individual. A foreign language is currently considered as an integral part of intercultural communication in various fields of objective reality and the development of a culture of interethnic communication. In the process of teaching a foreign language, technologies are becoming increasingly important which makes it possible to achieve the required level of communicative competence in speaking and writing in a shorter time frame and to recreate a virtual spatial temporal communication environment with native speakers. In this regard, the form of distance learning can be more and more prospective, being psychologically more comfortable for students and teachers; many of its elements can be integrated into other forms of training. The article exposes certain information technologies, the use of which increases the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language in distance, part-time and full-time courses. On the example of specific interactive multimedia Internet resources in the field of learning the German language, the urgent importance of using computerized teaching methods for acquiring and enhancing pronunciation, lexical and grammatical skills and knowledge with the aim of forming linguistic and cultural and professional competence of students is emphasized. At the same time, the article highlights importance of non-verbal forms of communication for achieving the desired effect of verbal communication, while relying on relevant audiovisual Internet resources.

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