Optimal time period clustering of time‐of‐use schemes based on elastic loads' responsiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Samadi ◽  
Mehrdad Aghamohamadi ◽  
Amin Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Period

scholarly journals Economic Life Cycle of Biomass Equipment and its Renovation

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1419-1425
Author(s):  
Katarína Teplická ◽  
Martin Kováč ◽  
Erika Škvareková ◽  
Andrea Seňová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Biomass Boiler ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Economic Life Cycle

The main goal of this article is to determine the optimal time period of boiler for biomass renewal, because its usage affects the financial situation of the firm in the form of costs. In this contribution is applied the method of operational research - the method of optimal time of machine renovation. The results of the analyses point to the optimal period of biomass boiler renovation before its service life in the 11th year. Operating costs are increasing about 9% after this time. By using this model there is ability to plan financial sources for buying new biomass boiler at 5500-15600€ on the market. The scientific benefit lies in the fact that the model is applicable to all types of equipment and machinery, in various industrial areas and in services and it is preventive instrument for financial planning for machine renovation.

scholarly journals Optimal Time Period of Wearing Protective Collar After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qian ◽  
Zhiwei Yu ◽  
Zhenlei Liu ◽  
Wanru Duan ◽  
Zhongjing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Axial Symptom ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Background: There is still no consensus on the time period of wearing collar after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). We aim to investigate the optimal time period of wearing protective collar.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent one to two segment ACDF during January 2016 and December 2017, and included 97 patients who meet inclusion and exclusion criterion. Patients were divided into three groups according to the actual time period of wearing collar after ACDF including 1-4 week group, 5-8 week group, and 9-12 week group. We analyzed Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, Axial Symptom (AS) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before surgery and at post-operative 3 months to investigate the optimal time period of wearing collar.Results: JOA score: All three groups have a better post-operative JOA score compared with that before surgery (paired t test, p<0.05). There is no significant difference among the three groups with respect to post-operative JOA (ANOVA, p>0.05).AS score: The post-operative AS scores of 1-4 week group and 5-8 week group were significantly better than that before surgery (paired t test, p>0.05). While the post-operative AS score of 9-12 week group was significantly worse than preoperative AS score (paired t test, p<0.05).NDI: All three groups have a better post-operative NDI compared with that before surgery (McNemar test, p<0.05). Of note, in 5-8 week group, the percentage of no deficit increased by 45%, and the percentage of mild deficit decreased by 45% accordingly. That percentage is 26% and 31% in 1-4 week group and 9-12 week group, respectively. There was significant difference among these three groups (Fisher's exact probability test, p<0.05)Conclusions: For cervical spondylosis patients who underwent 1-2 segment ACDF, the optimal time period of wearing protective is 5-8 weeks. This time period results in comparable neurological outcome, least axial symptom risk, and highest chance of no deficit on neck function.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm-Based Hybrid Spectrum Handoff Strategy in Cognitive Radio-Based Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Miao ◽  
He Qing ◽  
Zhuo-Miao Huo ◽  
Zhen-Xing Sun ◽  
Xu Di
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Spectrum Handoff ◽  
Switching Algorithm ◽  
User Terminal ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Probability Table

Abstract In Cognitive radio-based Internet of Things (CR-IoT) systems, the return of the primary user (PU) causes the secondary user (SU) that is communicating to face the spectrum handoff problem. In the process of spectrum handoff, the user terminal can’t get the idle channels in time because of the unknown channel usage state. To solve this problem, a hybrid spectrum handoff algorithm based on the channel idle probability is proposed. The algorithm considers the regularity of PU activities in space and time, defines the idle probability of channels from the perspective of week attributes and time periods, obtains the optimal time period length using genetic algorithm, generates a channel idle probability table, and provides the target channel sequence for SUs in combination with the proposed channel ordering scheme. Simulation results show that the hybrid spectrum switching algorithm based on the channel idle probability can reduce the energy consumption of SUs during spectrum switching, reduce the communication interruption rate, enable SUs to find idle channels faster and reduce the number of sensing times.

scholarly journals Heart Diseases in Pregnancy and Preoperative Evaluation

Acta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Muhammet Dural ◽  
Hikmet Yorgun
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In Pregnancy

Increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity) and age at first gestation are the important factors that increase cardiovascular diseases incidence in pregnancy. Assessment of maternal and fetal risk is very important. In World Health Organization class 1, the risk is very low and it is recommended that the cardiologic evaluation be performed once or twice in pregnancy. World Health Organization class 2 patients have low to moderate risk and cardiology consultation is recommended at every trimester. World Health Organization class 3 patients have a high risk, so cardiology consultation is recommended monthly or bi-monthly. Pregnancy is not recommended for World Health Organization class 4 patients. In cases where surgery is necessary the general approach is the same as those who are not pregnant. However, a multidisciplinary approach is needed in pregnant patients. Surgery should be performed independently of the trimester in emergent cases. If an elective intervention is needed and there is no effect on fetus, the surgical procedure should be delayed after birth. If surgery is needed and semi-elective, the optimal time period is indicated as second trimester. The type of anesthesia to be applied is determined according to the type and timing of surgery,  maternal physiological changes and teratogenic effects. Keywords: Heart disease, pregnancy, preoperative evaluation.

scholarly journals Clinical trial/experimental study (consort compliant): Optimal time period to achieve the effects on synbiotic-controlled wheezing and respiratory infections in young children

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andjelka Stojkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Simovic ◽  
Zoran Bogdanovic ◽  
Dragic Bankovic ◽  
Mina Poskurica
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Time Period

Introduction. Urban life is often followed by immune dysfunction and loss of immune tolerance in the youngest children. Objective. The study aimed to determine optimal time efficiency of a synbiotic (5.109 Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52, Bifidobacterium infantis Rosell-33, Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell-71) in controlling respiratory infections and wheezing disease. Methods. We randomly selected a group of children younger than five years, hospitalized earlier, and classified them into three groups. Results. The incidence of respiratory infection before the study was once a month, while after a threemonth supplementation with the synbiotic children rarely suffered from respiratory infections, and the state was maintained after six-month and nine-month supplementations with the synbiotic. The decreased incidence of respiratory infections was followed by a falling incidence of concomitant wheezing. A significant increase in tIgA serum was observed in all groups for only three months, the increase being the highest in children with recurrent respiratory infections accompanied by wheezing. After a ninemonth administration of the synbiotic, total IgE serum was lower in all groups of patients. Conclusion. The optimal duration of administration of the synbiotic containing three probiotic cultures to provide effective control of the frequency of respiratory infections was three months, and six months were required to establish control of the frequency of wheezing. This synbiotic is useful for immunomodulation in children and is well-tolerated in young children.

scholarly journals Optimal Time Period of Wearing Protective Collar after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Y ◽  
◽  
Yu Z ◽  
Liu Z ◽  
Duan W ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Neck Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

Objective: There is still no consensus on the time period of wearing protective collar after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF). We aim to investigate the optimal time period of wearing collar after ACDF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent one or two segment ACDF during January 2016 and December 2017, and included 97 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into three groups, 1-4 week group, 5-8 week group and 9-12 week group, according to the actual time period of wearing collar after ACDF. We analyzed Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, Axial Symptom (AS) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before surgery and at post-operative 3 months to investigate the optimal time period of wearing collar after ACDF procedure. Results: 1) JOA score: All three groups have a better post-operative JOA score compared with that before surgery (paired t test, p<0.05). There is no significant difference among the three groups with respect to post-operative JOA (ANOVA, p>0.05). 2) AS score: The post-operative AS scores of 1-4 week group and 5-8 week group were significantly better than that before surgery (paired t test, p>0.05). While the post-operative AS score of 9-12 week group was significantly worse than preoperative AS score (paired t test, p<0.05). 3) NDI: All three groups have a better post-operative NDI compared with that before surgery (McNemar test, p<0.05). Of note, in 5-8 weeks group, the percentage of no deficit increased by 45%, and the percentage of mild deficit decreased by 45% accordingly. That percentage is 26% and 31% in 1-4 week group and 9-12 week group, respectively. There was significant difference among these three groups (Fisher’s exact probability test, p<0.05). Conclusion: For cervical spondylosis patients who underwent 1 or 2 segment ACDF, the optimal time period of wearing protective is 5-8 weeks. This time period results in comparable neurological outcome, least risk of axial symptoms, and highest chance of no deficit with neck function.

A Study on Automatic Sludge Discharger of a Water Tank of Intermediate Treatment Contractors of Construction Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Gui Ho Oh ◽  
Sung Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Know How ◽  
Time Period

While an intermediate treatment contractor of construction waste extracts renewable fuels from construction wastes, water is stored in a water tank and a considerable amount of sludge remain in the water. In this respect, the present study designed an apparatus to automatically discharge sludge from the water tank. The discharging process of the apparatus is as follows: it sucks sludge along with water of the water tank into a storage tank. Sludge and water stay for a certain time period until the former settles. And water drains out from the storage tank, being separated from sludge that still remains in the storage tank. The amount of sludge to discharge depends on its storage time in the tank. Therefore, the duration of settlement was measured to find an optimal time. Discharging test was repeated. An impeller was installed on top of the storage tank to know how it affects sludge settlement. Using the collected data, this study confirmed the factors necessary for smooth discharging of sludge.

scholarly journals Influence of artificial insemination time period relative to ovulation on fertility of mares

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Tkachev ◽  
V. I. Sheremeta ◽  
O. L. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The results of the study of the effect of artificial insemination of horses by the cooled and thawed semen which was prepared by Kharkiv technology depending on the time of the dominant follicle ovulation using the atraumatic tool developed for insemination of mares have been presented in the article. In modern practice of artificial insemination of horses, there are two opposing views on the timing of insemination of mares (before or after ovulation) so we decided to investigate the impact of this factor on sperm, obtained, chilled and kriokonse–rvovana for Kharkiv technology. The time of semen administration into the reproductive tract of mares depending on the ovulation of the dominant follicle is the least investigated factor that effects the efficiency of mare insemination. The artificial insemination of the horses by the semen that was prepared by Kharkiv technology with the use of the atraumatic instrument developed by us for artificial insemination of mares depending on the time of ovulation of the dominant follicle was conducted for the first time. It has been stated that the optimal time for the insemination of mares by the cooled or thawed semen of stallions depending on the ovulation with the use of the atraumatic instrument developed by us is the time period for 4 hours before and after ovulation. When insemination of mares Ukrainian horse breed tools we have and the sperm that chilled by Kharkivtion technology for 4 hours before and after ovulation received about the same output foals. When artificial insemination Ukrainian horse breed mares we developed noninvasive device after 4 or more hours of ovulation foals output decreased by 50.77% (P < 0.01) compared with insemination to ovulation and the 50.12% (P < 0.01) compared with insemination after ovulation. When artificial insemination of mares Ukrainian horse breed tools we have and sperm cryopreserved for that Kharkov Technologies for 4 hours after ovulation received incredibly more foals out at 3.47% compared with insemination before ovulation. When artificial insemination of mares Ukrainian horse breed developed our noninvasive device after 4 or more hours of ovulation foals output decreased by 35.23% (P < 0.01) compared with insemination to ovulation and the 38.70% (P < 0,01) compared to the insemination after ovulation. When carrying out the artificial insemination of the mares of Ukrainian horse breed for more than 4 hours after the ovulation the fertility decreased by 50,12 – 50.77% (P < 0.01) and by 35,23 – 38,70% (P < 0.01) by  cooled and thawed semen, respectively.

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