Synchrotron‐Radiation‐Based Soft X‐Ray Electron Spectroscopy Applied to Structural and Chemical Characterization of Isolated Species, from Molecules to Nanoparticles

Elpidite belongs to a special group of microporous zirconosilicates, which are of great interest due to their capability to uptake various molecules and ions, e.g., some radioactive species, in their structural voids. The results of a combined electron probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the crystals of elpidite from Burpala (Russia) and Khan-Bogdo (Mongolia) deposits are reported. Some differences in the chemical compositions are observed and substitution at several structural positions within the structure of the compounds are noted. Based on the obtained results, a detailed crystal–chemical characterization of the elpidites under study was carried out. Three different structure models of elpidite were simulated: Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O (related to the structure of Russian elpidite), partly Ca-replaced Na1.5Ca0.25ZrSi6O15·2.75H2O (close to elpidite from Mongolia), and a hypothetical CaZrSi6O15·2H2O. The vibration spectra of the models were obtained and compared with the experimental one, taken from the literature. The strong influence of water molecule vibrations on the shape of IR spectra of studied structural models of elpidite is discussed in the paper.

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Nanotechnology in Roman Opaque Red Glass from the 2nd Century AD. Archaeometric Investigation in Red Sectilia from the Decoration of the Lucius Verus Villa in Rome

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage2030159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2597-2611 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Bandiera ◽

Patrice Lehuédé ◽

Marco Verità ◽

Luis Alves ◽

Isabelle Biron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Second Step ◽

Colorimetric Analysis ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Colorimetric Measurements ◽

Shed Light

This work aims to characterise the chemical composition of Roman opaque red glass sectilia dated to the 2nd century A.D and to shed light on Roman glassmaking production of different shades of red, from red to reddish-brown. Due to the lack of technical historical sources for this period many questions about technological aspects still remain. In this project a multi-disciplinary approach is in progress to investigate the red glass sectilia with several red hues from the Imperial Villa of Lucius Verus (161–169 A.D.) in Rome. First, colorimetric measurements were taken to identify the various red hues. The second step was chemical characterization of the samples and the identification of crystalline colouring phases. Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) analysis was used to investigate the chemical composition of these glass samples, while the crystalline phases were identified by Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electrons Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Using SEM-EDS nanoparticles were detected as a colouring agent, the chemical composition and the morphology of which has been studied in depth. This information has been compared with the colorimetric analysis to establish any correlation with the different colour hues.

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Precise and nondestructive characterization of a ‘buried’ nanostructure in a polymer thin film using synchrotron radiation ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Polymer Journal ◽

10.1038/pj.2012.133 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takamichi Shinohara ◽

Tomoko Shirahase ◽

Daiki Murakami ◽

Taiki Hoshino ◽

Moriya Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Small Angle ◽

Polymer Thin Film ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Nondestructive Characterization ◽

Ray Scattering

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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the 2,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase fromAlcaligenessp. 4HAP

Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications ◽

10.1107/s2053230x14009649 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 823-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Beaven ◽

A. Bowyer ◽

P. Erskine ◽

S. P. Wood ◽

A. McCoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Molecular Oxygen ◽

Aromatic Ring ◽

Bond Cleavage ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

X Ray

The enzyme 2,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase (or DAD) catalyses the conversion of 2,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and formic acid with the incorporation of molecular oxygen. Whilst the vast majority of dioxygenases cleave within the aromatic ring of the substrate, DAD is very unusual in that it is involved in C—C bond cleavage in a substituent of the aromatic ring. There is evidence that the enzyme is a homotetramer of 20.3 kDa subunits each containing nonhaem iron and its sequence suggests that it belongs to the cupin family of dioxygenases. By the use of limited chymotrypsinolysis, the DAD enzyme fromAlcaligenessp. 4HAP has been crystallized in a form that diffracts synchrotron radiation to a resolution of 2.2 Å.

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Influence of the Residue of Casting by Lost Wax in the Modulus of Elasticity and Porosity of Concretes

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.343 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 805 ◽

pp. 343-349

Author(s):

Carine F. Machado ◽

Weber G. Moravia

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Hardened State ◽

Material Powder

This work evaluated the influence of additions of the ceramic shell residue (CSR), from the industries of Lost Wax Casting, in the modulus of elasticity and porosity of concrete. The CSR was ground and underwent a physical, chemical, and microstructural characterization. It was also analyzed, the environmental risk of the residue. In the physical characterization of the residue were analyzed, the surface area, and particle size distribution. In chemical characterization, the material powder was subjected to testing of X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The residue was utilized like addition by substitution of cement in concrete in the percentages of 10% and 15% by weight of Portland cement. It was evaluated properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened state, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by total immersion and by capillarity. The results showed that the residue can be used in cement matrix and improve some properties of concrete. Thus, the CSR may contribute to improved sustainability and benefit the construction industry.

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Static Atomic Displacements in Crystalline Solid Solution Alloys

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-437-181 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gene Ice ◽

Cullie Sparks ◽

J. Lee Robertson ◽

J. Ernest Epperson ◽

Xiaogang Jiang

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Crystalline Solid ◽

Local Order ◽

Chemical Order ◽

X Ray ◽

Atomic Displacements ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

New Information ◽

Z Contrast

AbstractAtom size differences induce static displacements from an average alloy lattice and play an important role in controlling alloy phase stability and properties. The details of this role however, are difficult to study; chemical order and displacements are strongly interrelated and static displacements are hard to measure. Diffuse x-ray scattering measurements with tunable-synchrotron radiation can now measure element-specific static displacements with an accuracy of ± 0.1 pm and can simultaneously measure local chemical order out to 20 shells or more. Ideal alloys for diffuse scattering analysis with synchrotron radiation, are those that have previously been the most intractable: alloys with small Z contrast, alloys with only local order and alloys with small size differences. The combination of precise characterization of local chemical order and precise measurement of static displacement provides new information that challenges existing alloy models. We report on an ongoing systematic study of static displacements in the Fe/Ni/Cr alloys and compare the observed static displacements to the static displacements predicted by current theories. The availability of more brilliant 3rd generation hard x-ray sources will greatly enhance these measurements.

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Characterization of hydrofluoric acid treated Y–Ba–Cu–O oxides

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1989.1320 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1320-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q. X. Jia ◽

W. A. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Electron Spectroscopy ◽

Auger Electron ◽

Surface Passivation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Zero Resistance ◽

Reaction With Water ◽

Scanning Electron

Effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on the properties of Y–Ba–Cu–O oxides were investigated. No obvious etching of bulk Y–Ba–Cu–O and no degradation of zero resistance temperature were observed even though the oxides were placed into 49% HF solution for up to 20 h. Surface passivation of Y–Ba–Cu–O due to HF immersion was verified by subsequent immersion of Y–Ba–Cu–O in water. A thin layer of amorphous fluoride formed on the surface of the Y–Ba–Cu–O during HF treatment, which limited further reaction between Y–Ba–Cu–O and HF, and later reaction with water. Thin film Y–Ba–Cu–O was passivated by HF vapors and showed no degradation in Tc-zero after 30 min immersion in water. The properties of the surface layer of Y–Ba–Cu–O oxide after HF treatment are reported from Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy studies.

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Characterization of III-nitride Based Schottky UV Detectors with Wide Detectable Wavelength Range (360–10 nm) using Synchrotron Radiation

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-798-y6.6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 798 ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Motogaito ◽

Kazumasa Hiramatsu ◽

Yasuhiro Shibata ◽

Hironobu Watanabe ◽

Hideto Miyake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Schottky Barrier ◽

Wavelength Range ◽

Epitaxial Layer ◽

Device Performance ◽

Uv Detectors ◽

X Ray ◽

High Responsivity ◽

Vacuum Uv

ABSTRACTCharacterizations of transparent Schottky barrier GaN and AlGaN UV detectors in the vacuum UV (VUV) and soft X-ray (SX) region using synchrotron radiation are described. In the GaN UV detectors, the responsivity achieved about 0.05 A/W at 95 eV (13 nm). Thus, their device performance is shown between 3.4 and 100 eV (10 and 360 nm). Furthermore, the high responsivity spectra were realized by using AlGaN Schottky UV detectors consisting of Al0.5Ga0.5N on AlN epitaxial layer.

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