scholarly journals Stress and the immune system: Preliminary observations in rheumatoid arthritis using an in vivo marker of immune activity

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence A. Rubin ◽  
Gillian A. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Activity

ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNITY AND TUMOR ANTI-IMMUNITY IN A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
URSZULA FORYŚ ◽  
JACEK WANIEWSKI ◽  
PETAR ZHIVKOV
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
Immune Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stimulation Of

A two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations is used to characterize the basic types of phase portraits of the immune system — tumor interactions model, and to study the impact of anti-immune activity by tumor on the outcome of immunotherapy. The focus is on specific (acquired) immunity and different forms of immunotherapy as active therapy with in vivo stimulation of the immunity and passive one with infusion of ex vivo produced specific immunity. The analysis is performed for two families of stimulation function, which describes the dynamics of the stimulation of the immune system by tumor antigens: (1) antigen dependent and (2) antigen per one immunity unit dependent functions, with Michaelis-Menten and sigmoid functions in each family. We show that there are no limit cycles in the system and that anti-immune activity by tumor changes all equilibrium points from global to local ones. In the latter case, the immune system has no control over the growth of large tumors. Furthermore, if the immunity is weak, the immune system cannot eradicate even small tumors. The weak immunity and stimulation strength result in unrestricted tumor growth. The patterns of asymptotic behavior of the system do not depend on the type of the stimulation function, but do depend on its parameters. Our results reflect the basic clinical and experimental knowledge about immunotherapy and its effectiveness and yield new suggestions for an efficient immunotherapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system – Immunosuppression without drugs

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Kiss ◽  
Veronika Urbán S. ◽  
Valéria Dudics ◽  
Virág Vas ◽  
Ferenc Uher
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Graft Versus Host

A mesenchymalis őssejteket (MSC-ket) már számos szövettípusból sikeresen izolálták. Ezek a sejtek terápiás felhasználás szempontjából különösen ígéretesnek tűnnek a felnőtt szöveti őssejtek közül, mivel könnyen izolálhatók, és viszonylag egyszerű a fenntartásuk és szaporításuk in vitro, valamint képesek számos sejttípussá, többek között csont-, porc-, ín-, izom- és zsírsejtekké alakulni. A szervezetben ezek a sejtek biztosítják azokat a növekedési faktorokat és cytokineket, amelyek a vérképző sejtek osztódását és differenciálódását szabályozzák. In vivo képesek lehetnek sérült szövetek regenerálására a vesében, szívben, májban, hasnyálmirigyben és az emésztőrendszerben. Emellett az MSC-k immunmoduláló és gyulladáscsökkentő hatással is rendelkeznek, és allogén szervezetben is csak minimális immunválaszt váltanak ki. Bár a folyamat háttere még nem teljesen ismert, az e sejtek immunszuppresszív hatásán alapuló módszerek már a klinikai kipróbálás fázisában vannak, és lehetséges, hogy a jövőben az MSC-k segítségével allograft-kilökődés, graft versus host betegség, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmun eredetű ízületi gyulladás és más olyan betegségek lesznek kezelhetők, amelyek esetében immunszuppresszió és szöveti regeneráció is szükséges. A jelen összefoglaló célja a mesenchymalis őssejtekről szóló irodalom áttekintése, különös tekintettel azok immunmoduláló tulajdonságaira és jövőbeli lehetséges klinikai felhasználására.

Immune system and bone cells in early rheumatoid arthritis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Buondonno ◽  
Francesca Sassi ◽  
Micol Rigoni ◽  
Guido Rovera ◽  
Giovanni Carlo Isaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Cells

Development and Evaluation of Floating Pulsatile Drug Delivery System Using Meloxicam

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ShirishaG. Suddala ◽  
S. K. Sahoo ◽  
M. R. Yamsani
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pulsatile Drug Delivery

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop and evaluate the floating– pulsatile drug delivery system (FPDDS) of meloxicam intended for Chrono pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The system consisting of drug containing core, coated with hydrophilic erodible polymer, which is responsible for a lag phase for pulsatile release, top cover buoyant layer was prepared with HPMC K4M and sodium bicarbonate, provides buoyancy to increase retention of the oral dosage form in the stomach. Meloxicam is a COX-2 inhibitor used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. For rheumatoid arthritis Chrono pharmacotherapy has been recommended to ensure that the highest blood levels of the drug coincide with peak pain and stiffness. Result and discussion: The prepared tablets were characterized and found to exhibit satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, the main objective of present work is to formulate FPDDS of meloxicam in order to achieve drug release after pre-determined lag phase. Developed formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release studies, water uptake and erosion studies, floating behaviour and in vivo radiology studies. Results showed that a certain lag time before drug release which was due to the erosion of the hydrophilic erodible polymer. The lag time clearly depends on the type and amount of hydrophilic polymer which was applied on the inner cores. Floating time and floating lag time was controlled by quantity and composition of buoyant layer. In vivo radiology studies point out the capability of the system of longer residence time of the tablets in the gastric region and releasing the drug after a programmed lag time. Conclusion: The optimized formulation of the developed system provided a lag phase while showing the gastroretension followed by pulsatile drug release that would be beneficial for chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Infliximab on Cytokine Production in Proliferating CD4+ T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Syuichi Koarada ◽  
Yuri Sadanaga ◽  
Natsumi Nagao ◽  
Satoko Tashiro ◽  
Rie Suematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production

scholarly journals Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meijerink ◽  
Jean E. de Oliveira ◽  
Daphne A. van Haarlem ◽  
Guilherme Hosotani ◽  
David M. Lamot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Long Chain

Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation in the lung contributes to virulence and drug tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poushali Chakraborty ◽  
Sapna Bajeli ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Bishan Dass Radotra ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractTuberculosis is a chronic disease that displays several features commonly associated with biofilm-associated infections: immune system evasion, antibiotic treatment failures, and recurrence of infection. However, although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can form cellulose-containing biofilms in vitro, it remains unclear whether biofilms are formed during infection in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the formation of Mtb biofilms in animal models of infection and in patients, and that biofilm formation can contribute to drug tolerance. First, we show that cellulose is also a structural component of the extracellular matrix of in vitro biofilms of fast and slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. Then, we use cellulose as a biomarker to detect Mtb biofilms in the lungs of experimentally infected mice and non-human primates, as well as in lung tissue sections obtained from patients with tuberculosis. Mtb strains defective in biofilm formation are attenuated for survival in mice, suggesting that biofilms protect bacilli from the host immune system. Furthermore, the administration of nebulized cellulase enhances the antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid and rifampicin in infected mice, supporting a role for biofilms in phenotypic drug tolerance. Our findings thus indicate that Mtb biofilms are relevant to human tuberculosis.

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