Macrophage Depletion Reveals an Active Role of the Immune System in Determining the In Vivo Disposition of an Orally Bioavailable Drug

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Rzeczycki
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Macrophage Depletion ◽  
Orally Bioavailable

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

scholarly journals Immunity to pathogenic free-living amoebae: role of cell-mediated immunity

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-410
Author(s):  
R T Cursons ◽  
T J Brown ◽  
E A Keys ◽  
K M Moriarty ◽  
D Till
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Free Living

The role of cell-mediated immunity in defense against pathogenic free-living amoebae was examined. Both the in vitro macrophage inhibition test and the in vivo delayed hypersensitivity test showed responses to both heterologous and homologous antigens, although homologous systems were the most efficient. It is suggested that exposure to nonpathogenic species of free-living amoebae can stimulate the immune system to be effective against pathogenic species. The significance of cell-mediated immunity as a defense against invasion by pathogenic free-living amoebae is discussed.

scholarly journals Thymosin alpha 1 mitigates cytokine storm in blood cells from COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Matteucci ◽  
Antonella Minutolo ◽  
Emanuela Balestrieri ◽  
Vita Petrone ◽  
Marialaura Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Thymosin Alpha 1

Abstract COVID-19 is characterized by immune-mediated lung injury and complex alterations of the immune system, such as lymphopenia and cytokine storm, that have been associated with adverse outcomes underlining a fundamental role of host response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of the disease. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is one of the molecules used in the management of COVID-19, since it is known to restore the homeostasis of the immune system during infections and cancer. Here we captured the interconnected biological processes regulated by Tα1 in CD8+ T cells under inflammatory conditions. Genes associated with cytokine signaling and production were found up-regulated in blood cells from COVID-19 patients and the ex-vivo treatment with Tα1 mitigated cytokines expression and inhibited lymphocytes activation in CD8+ T cell subset specifically, suggesting the potential role of Tα1 in modulating the immune response homeostasis and the cytokine storm in vivo.

scholarly journals Soy Isoflavones in Integrative Oncology: Increased Efficacy and Decreased Toxicity of Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541983531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Sahin ◽  
Birdal Bilir ◽  
Shakir Ali ◽  
Kazim Sahin ◽  
Omer Kucuk
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
And Control ◽  
Harmful Effects

Soy consumption in human diet has been linked to decreased incidence of a variety of cancers, suggesting a potential role of soy products in cancer prevention and control. Furthermore, a substantial body of evidence in the literature suggests that soy supplementation may improve the efficacy and prevent the adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Isoflavones constitute the predominant anticancer bioactive compounds in soy. Genistein, which is the most abundant and active isoflavone in soy, has a multitude of effects on cancer cells, including inhibition of NF-κB activation and DNA methylation, enhancement of histone acetylation, inhibition of cell growth and metastasis, and antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. Isoflavones are orally bioavailable, easily metabolized, and usually considered safe. In this article, we review in vitro and in vivo evidence as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies on the effects of soy isoflavones, with a focus on sensitization of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation while at the same time protecting normal cells from the harmful effects of these treatments.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Fact or Fiction?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo A. Leto Barone ◽  
Saami Khalifian ◽  
W. P. Andrew Lee ◽  
Gerald Brandacher
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stromal Cells

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are often referred to as adipose-derived stem cells due to their potential to undergo multilineage differentiation. Their promising role in tissue engineering and ability to modulate the immune system are the focus of extensive research. A number of clinical trials using ASCs are currently underway to better understand the role of such cell niche in enhancing or suppressing the immune response. If governable, such immunoregulatory role would find application in several conditions in which an immune response is present (i.e., autoimmune conditions) or feared (i.e., solid organ or reconstructive transplantation). Although allogeneic ASCs have been shown to prevent acute GvHD in both preclinical and clinical studies, their potential warrants further investigation. Well-designed and standardized clinical trials are necessary to prove the role of ASCs in the treatment of immune disorders or prevention of tissue rejection. In this paper we analyze the current literature on the role of ASCs in immunomodulationin vitroandin vivoand discuss their potential in regulating the immune system in the context of transplantation.

scholarly journals Convergent Sets of Data from In Vivo and In Vitro Methods Point to an Active Role of Hsp60 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e28200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cappello ◽  
Gaetano Caramori ◽  
Claudia Campanella ◽  
Chiara Vicari ◽  
Isabella Gnemmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
In Vitro Methods

scholarly journals Bcl-XL/Bax Proteins Direct the Fate of Embryonic Cortical Precursor Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4293-4305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Yoon Chang ◽  
Woong Sun ◽  
Wataru Ochiai ◽  
Kinichi Nakashima ◽  
Soo-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Astrocytic Differentiation ◽  
Cortical Precursors ◽  
Developing Mouse Brain

ABSTRACT In the developing mouse brain, the highest Bcl-XL expression is seen at the peak of neurogenesis, whereas the peak of Bax expression coincides with the astrogenic period. While such observations suggest an active role of the Bcl-2 family proteins in the generation of neurons and astrocytes, no definitive demonstration has been provided to date. Using combinations of gain- and loss-of-function assays in vivo and in vitro, we provide evidence for instructive roles of these proteins in neuronal and astrocytic fate specification. Specifically, in Bax knockout mice, astrocyte formation was decreased in the developing cortices. Overexpression of Bcl-XL and Bax in embryonic cortical precursors induced neural and astrocytic differentiation, respectively, while inhibitory RNAs led to the opposite results. Importantly, inhibition of caspase activity, dimerization, or mitochondrial localization of Bcl-XL/Bax proteins indicated that the differentiation effects of Bcl-XL/Bax are separable from their roles in cell survival and apoptosis. Lastly, we describe activation of intracellular signaling pathways and expression of basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factors specific for the Bcl-2 protein-mediated differentiation.

scholarly journals The Pathogenesis of Neurotrauma Indicates Targets for Neuroprotective Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek M. Kwiecien
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurologic Function ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Destructive Inflammation ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapies

: The spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates an extraordinarily protracted disease with 3 phases; acute, inflammatory and resolution that are restricted to the cavity of injury (COI) or arachnoiditis by a unique CNS reaction against the severity of destructive inflammation. While the severity of inflammation involving the white matter is fueled by a potently immunogenic activity of damaged myelin, its sequestration in the COI and its continuity with the cerebrospinal fluid of the subdural space allows for anti-inflammatory therapeutics infused subdurally to inhibit phagocytic macrophage infiltration and thus provide neuroprotection. The role of astrogliosis in containing and ultimately in eliminating severe destructive inflammation post-trauma appears obvious but is not yet sufficiently understood to use in therapeutic neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies. An apparent anti-inflammatory activity of reactive astrocytes is paralleled by their active role in removing excess edema fluid in blood brain barrier damaged by inflammation. Recently elucidated pathogenesis of neurotrauma including SCI, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and of stroke, calls for the following principal therapeutic steps in its treatment leading to recovery of neurologic function: (1) inhibition and elimination of destructive inflammation from the COI with accompanying reduction of vasogenic edema, (2) insertion into the COI of a functional bridge supporting the crossing of regenerating axons, (3) enabling regeneration of axons to their original synaptic targets by a temporary safe removal of myelin in targeted areas of white matter, (4) in vivo, systematic monitoring of the consecutive therapeutic steps. The focus of this paper is on the therapeutic step 1.

scholarly journals The Emerging Roles of Endocrine Hormones in Different Arthritic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Bertoldo ◽  
Giovanni Adami ◽  
Maurizio Rossini ◽  
Alessandro Giollo ◽  
Giovanni Orsolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Hormones ◽  
Rheumatic Conditions ◽  
Main Determinants

The relationship between endocrine hormones and the spectrum of rheumatic conditions has long been discussed in the literature, focusing primarily on sexual hormones, such as estrogens, androgens, prolactin (PRL). Estrogens are indeed involved in the pathogenesis of the main inflammatory arthritis thanks to their effects on the immune system, both stimulatory and inhibitory. The PRL system has been discovered in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), patients and has been propose as a new potential therapeutic target. Besides sexual hormones, in the last years scientific interest about the crosstalk of immune system with other class of hormones has grown. Hormones acting on the bone tissue (i.e. parathyroid hormone, vitamin D) and modulators of the Wnt pathway (i.e. Dickkopf-1) have been demonstrated to play active role in inflammatory arthritis course, defining a new field of research named osteoimmunology. PTH, which is one of the main determinants of Dkkopf-1, plays a crucial role in bone erosions in RA and a correlation between PTH, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and disease activity has been found in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In PSA is under studying the interaction among IL-17 and bone metabolism. The purpose of this review is to discuss and summarize the recent data about the interaction between endocrine hormone and immune system in the main rheumatic disorders, covering in particular the role of bone-related hormones and cytokines. We will describe this relationship from a biochemical, diagnostic and therapeutic perspective, with a particular focus on RA, PsA and AS.

scholarly journals Functional Role of AKNA: A Scoping Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Abrahán Ramírez-González ◽  
Joaquín Manzo-Merino ◽  
Carla Olbia Contreras-Ochoa ◽  
Margarita Bahena-Román ◽  
José Manasés Aguilar-Villaseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cellular Processes

Human akna encodes an AT-hook transcription factor whose expression participates in various cellular processes. We conducted a scoping review on the literature regarding the functional role of AKNA according to the evidence found in human and in vivo and in vitro models, stringently following the “PRISMA-ScR” statement recommendations. Methods: We undertook an independent PubMed literature search using the following search terms, AKNA OR AKNA ADJ gene OR AKNA protein, human OR AKNA ADJ functions. Observational and experimental articles were considered. The selected studies were categorized using a pre-determined data extraction form. A narrative summary of the evidence was produced. Results: AKNA modulates the expression of CD40 and CD40L genes in immune system cells. It is a negative regulator of inflammatory processes as evidenced by knockout mouse models and observational studies for several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, AKNA contributes to the de-regulation of the immune system in cancer, and it has been proposed as a susceptibility genetic factor and biomarker in CC, GC, and HNSCC. Finally, AKNA regulates neurogenesis by destabilizing the microtubules dynamics. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for the role of AKNA in various cellular processes, including immune response, inflammation, development, cancer, autoimmunity, and neurogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document