High-yield growth ofE. coli at different temperatures in a bench scale fermentor

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shiloach ◽  
S. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Different Temperatures

Dual Ferrite-Martensite Treatments of an ASTM A588 HSLA Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
J.R. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hsla Steels ◽  
Corrosion Resistance Property ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Subsequent Quenching

During the past several years duplex ferrite-martensite (DFM) steels have received increasing attention for improved strength and weight applications, since they contain characteristic microstructural features that combine high strength with good formability. ASTM A588 is one of the most widely used classes of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels. It possesses the atmospheric corrosion resistance property as well as relatively high yield strength (∼35 kg/mm2) in the normalized condition. DFM treatments has been applied to the A588 steel.The treatments consisted of initial austenitization and quenching to form 100% martensite, followed by annealing in the (α+γ) region at different temperatures and subsequent quenching. The DFM structure samples were also tempered at 200°-600°C for one hour. Phase diagram of a model steel and the schematic of treatments are shown in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b), respectively. Hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Charpy impact values were measured for thermally treated samples.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of pine wood and characterisation of solid and liquid products

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (45) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnasan Purevsuren ◽  
Otgonchuluun Dashzeveg ◽  
Ariunaa Alyeksandr ◽  
Narangerel Janchig ◽  
Jargalmaa Soninkhuu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Stability Indices

Pyrolysis of pine wood was carried out at different temperatures and the yields of solid (biochar), liquid (tar and pyrolysed water) and gas products were determined. Temperature around 500 ºC was determined as an optimal heating temperature of pyrolysis and approximately 27.1% hard residue (biochar), 21.46% tar, 20.04% pyrolysed water and 31.30% gas were obtained by pyrolysis. The thermal stability indices of pine wood are relatively low, which are indications of its low thermal stability and high yield of volatile matter (Vdaf = 90.3%). The thermal stability indices of pyrolysis of solid residue show that it is characterised by a very high thermal stability than its initial sample, for example, there was an increase of Т5% 7.7 and Т15% 3.8 times. The chemical composition of pyrolysed tar of pine wood has also been determined. Were obtained 4 different fractions with varying boiling temperature ranges of pine wood pyrolysed tar and have determined the yields of each fraction. Neutral tar was analysed by GC/MS and 20 aliphatic compounds, 25 aromatic compounds and 18 polar compounds were determined.

scholarly journals Pressure Field Assisted Polycondensation Nonaqueous Precipitation Synthesis of Mullite Whiskers and Their Application as Epoxy Resin Reinforcement

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Feng ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Zi Hu ◽  
Weihui Jiang ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Aluminum Fluoride ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mullite Whiskers ◽  
Vs Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Amount

Mullite whiskers were novelty prepared via pressure field assisted polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method. The precipitate phase transition in heating process, phase compositions and microstructure of samples calcined at different temperatures, effect of pressure field on precursors polycondensation and AlF3 amount on sample morphology, the structure and the growth mechanism of whiskers were investigated. The results indicate that pressure field caused by kettle treatment promotes the polycondensation reaction between AlF3 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), the excess aluminum fluoride coordinates with the precipitate skeleton of the =Al–O–Si≡, which brings about the low mullitization temperature (900 °C). The sample prepared with the optimal amount of aluminum fluoride (1.3 of the theoretical amount) calcined at 1100 °C presents high yield and aspect ratio (>15, 100 nm in diameter) of mullite whiskers. Growth of whiskers prepared via pressure field assisted polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method is attributed to a vapor-solid (VS) mechanism with the inducement of screw. These mullite whiskers with the structure of multi-needle whiskers connected in the same center can be distributed evenly in epoxy resin, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

Primary growth and regrowth responses of temperate grasses to different temperatures and cutting frequencies

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hill ◽  
CJ Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

Primary growth and regrowths of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiforum), prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), grown in glasshouses at temperatures ranging from 15/10 to 30/25�C, were measured when defoliated every 4 or 8 weeks. Prairie grass, tall fescue, Ucivex Italian ryegrass, and Tama Italian ryegrass each had different patterns of regrowth. Growth was fastest at 21/16 and 24/19�C in primary growth and at 15/10�C in regrowth, except for fescue which had fastest regrowth at 24/19�C. Frequent defoliation (every 4 weeks) halved the total dry matter yield harvested throughout the experiment. The mean number of tillers and leaves produced was halved by frequent defoliation and leaf area was reduced to one-quarter of that for plants defoliated every 8 weeks. Reproductive development was earlier in plants grown at lower temperatures and did not occur in those grown at 24/19 and 30/25�C. Primary growth of Italian ryegrass and prairie grass was faster than that of tall fescue. Yield and the number of tillers increased at successive regrowths under 8-week defoliation, but only Tama Italian ryegrass maintained its productivity under frequent defoliation owing to its ability to maintain a high tiller population and high individual leaf areas. Productivity of prairie grass was limited by low tiller number despite its high yield per tiller, and productivity of tall fescue was restricted by both low tiller number and low yield per tiller. The extent to which current growth was influenced by prior growth and, by implication, previous defoliation management differed between the grasses. For example, productivity in any regrowth of Tama was essentially independent of growth during the primary growth or previous regrowth periods, whereas regrowths of prairie grass were highly dependent on growth during previous regrowth periods.

Rapid Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnGa2O4 Phosphor at Low Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D. Kulkarni ◽  
S. A. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Thermal Budget ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Post Synthesis

ABSTRACTA novel microwave-assisted synthesis technique was used for the rapid preparation of nanocrystalline ZnGa2O4 at two different temperatures. The crystalline spinel oxide is formed at temperatures as low as 100 oC within few minutes, at a high yield of 96%, requiring no post-synthesis annealing. The as-prepared samples are polycrystalline and phase-pure as verified by XRD, with a crystallite size of ∼5 nm. Polycrystalline ZnGa2O4 substituted with Mn2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Co2+ was also similarly prepared. All samples are highly monodispersed, as measured by TEM. The ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals without further surface modification can be readily dispersed in chloroform to form a fully transparent colloidal solution, using which the bandgap of ZnGa2O4 was determined to be ~4.5 eV. The entire synthesis procedure, including solution preparation, microwave irradiation, and centrifugation takes about 30 minutes, which is faster than any procedure reported for a complex oxide like ZnGa2O4, as well as one with a small thermal budget. Photoluminescence shows a broad emission extending from 330 nm to 800 nm, which is surmised to be due to the defect structure in the oxide produced.

A larch based biorefinery: pre-extraction and extract fermentation to lactic acid

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Hörhammer ◽  
Sara Walton ◽  
Adriaan van Heiningen
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract In a forest based biorefinery, pulp and paper are the main products, while side-streams are utilized for value-added products. One biorefinery concept is to remove hemicelluloses from wood by extraction prior to pulping and converting them into biofuels or chemicals. This study presents a concept of a larch wood based biorefinery and focuses on the mass balance of pre-extraction. Sugar rich extracts were obtained by hot water extraction of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Lebed.) wood chips at different temperatures and times. At 160°C and 60–90 min the extract contains 13–16% hemicelluloses (on wood). The composition of extracts and extracted wood has been determined to have a basis for mass balances. Fermentation of the hydrolyzed extract with Bacillus coagulans MXL-9 resulted in consumption of all C6 and C5 sugars and produced lactic acid in high yield. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that water pre-extraction of larch chips followed by polysulfide-anthraquinone (PSAQ) pulping still produced a good papermaking pulp at a yield comparable to the corresponding non-extracted kraft pulp. Accordingly, the present results show that a larch wood based biorefinery has a potential for industrial application.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6613-6621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jindo ◽  
H. Mizumoto ◽  
Y. Sawada ◽  
M. A. Sanchez-Monedero ◽  
T. Sonoki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Biochar is widely recognized as an efficient tool for carbon sequestration and soil fertility. The understanding of its chemical and physical properties, which are strongly related to the type of the initial material used and pyrolysis conditions, is crucial to identify the most suitable application of biochar in soil. A selection of organic wastes with different characteristics (e.g., rice husk (RH), rice straw (RS), wood chips of apple tree (Malus pumila) (AB), and oak tree (Quercus serrata) (OB)) were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C) in order to optimize the physicochemical properties of biochar as a soil amendment. Low-temperature pyrolysis produced high biochar yields; in contrast, high-temperature pyrolysis led to biochars with a high C content, large surface area, and high adsorption characteristics. Biochar obtained at 600 °C leads to a high recalcitrant character, whereas that obtained at 400 °C retains volatile and easily labile compounds. The biochar obtained from rice materials (RH and RS) showed a high yield and unique chemical properties because of the incorporation of silica elements into its chemical structure. The biochar obtained from wood materials (AB and OB) showed high carbon content and a high absorption character.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

Quality films from carbon fiber evaporation for thorough coverage of TEM grids

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
N. Tempel ◽  
M. C. Ledbetter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Noise Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Carbon Foils

Carbon films have been a support of choice for high resolution electron microscopy since the introduction of vacuum evaporation of carbon. The desirable qualities of carbon films and methods of producing them has been extensively reviewed. It is difficult to get a high yield of grids by many of these methods, especially if virtually all of the windows must be covered with a tightly bonded, quality film of predictable thickness. We report here a method for producing carbon foils designed to maximize these attributes: 1) coverage of virtually all grid windows, 2) freedom from holes, wrinkles or folds, 3) good adhesion between film and grid, 4) uniformity of film and low noise structure, 5) predictability of film thickness, and 6) reproducibility.Our method utilizes vacuum evaporation of carbon from a fiber onto celloidin film and grid bars, adhesion of the film complex to the grid by carbon-carbon contact, and removal of the celloidin by acetone dissolution. Materials must be of high purity, and cleanliness must be rigorously maintained.

The structure of membranes and membrane proteins embedded in amorphous ice

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Uwe Lücken ◽  
Joachim Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Phase Transition Temperature ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Amorphous Ice ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Lipid Polymorphism

TEM imaging of frozen-hydrated lipid vesicles has been done by several groups Thermotrophic and lyotrophic polymorphism has been reported. By using image processing, computer simulation and tilt experiments, we tried to learn about the influence of freezing-stress and defocus artifacts on the lipid polymorphism and fine structure of the bilayer profile. We show integrated membrane proteins do modulate the bilayer structure and the morphology of the vesicles.Phase transitions of DMPC vesicles were visualized after freezing under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures in a controlled-environment vitrification system. Below the main phase transition temperature of 24°C (Fig. 1), vesicles show a facetted appearance due to the quasicrystalline areas. A gradual increase in temperature leads to melting processes with different morphology in the bilayer profile. Far above the phase transition temperature the bilayer profile is still present. In the band-pass-filtered images (Fig. 2) no significant change in the width of the bilayer profile is visible.

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