Soluble Sugar and Starch Extraction and Quantification from Maize ( Zea mays ) Leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Leach ◽  
David M. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Lack of downregulation of photosynthesis in a tropical root crop, cassava, grown under an elevated CO2 concentration

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Fernández ◽  
Wilmer Tezara ◽  
Elizabeth Rengifo ◽  
Ana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

We evaluated the effects of an elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis and growth of cassava plants grown in open-top chambers with an adequate supply of water and N and a sufficient rooting volume. Cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz. cv. Motilona) showed higher photosynthetic rates (Pn) when grown and measured at elevated [CO2] (680 µmol mol-1) than when grown and measured at ambient [CO2] (480 µmol mol-1). No downregulation of photosynthesis due to elevated [CO2] was found, since carboxylation efficiency increased after 220 d in spite of a decrease in leaf soluble protein, Rubisco, and leaf N content. Soluble sugar and starch contents decreased with time under elevated [CO2], the decrease in starch content coinciding with the beginning of the increase in root mass. Canopy Pn by leaf area decreased with time under elevated [CO2] but, when canopy Pn was expressed by ground area, higher and constant rates were observed, suggesting a higher productivity in plants grown at elevated [CO2]. The absence of differences between growth [CO2] in root : shoot ratio observed suggests that elevated [CO2], while causing increases in the shoot as well as the root, did not affect the pattern of biomass allocation. Acclimation responses of gas exchange parameters changed during the experiment. The absence of downregulation of photosynthesis was associated with a decrease in leaf sugar and starch contents of plants grown at elevated [CO2], which suggests a favourable source/sink relationship.

scholarly journals Using electrical impedance tomography for rapid determination of starch and soluble sugar contents in Rosa hybrida

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Qian ◽  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Bao Di ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Gang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Abstract Background Soluble sugar and starch, as carbon sources, directly participate in plant metabolism by providing energy. Conventional determination of plant starch and soluble sugar content usually involves destructive sampling, complicated procedures, and considerable amounts of chemicals and labor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a non-destructive and rapid method for determining plant starch and soluble sugar contents. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technology has been used to determine the physiological state and cold resistance of plant tissues. However, so far there have been no reports on the use of EIT for the rapid estimation of soluble sugar and starch contents. Results In this study, EIT was used to obtain reconstructed voltage values and estimate starch and soluble sugar contents in the stems of three Rosa hybrida cultivars during February to May. Stems from two of the cultivars were used for establishing regression models for starch and soluble sugar contents as functions of reconstructed voltage values. The third cultivar was used to test the accuracy of the regression models. The results showed that the reconstructed voltage value significantly correlated with soluble sugar and starch contents. The quadratic regression model was best for determining soluble sugar content and the logarithmic regression model was best for determining starch content. Conclusions Thus, we preliminarily established and verified regression models for estimating soluble sugar and starch contents using reconstructed voltage values of rose stems. These data provide technical support for using EIT to analyze changes in physiological parameters and to rapidly estimate physiological indexes of plants.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SUB1 INTROGRESSION LINES OF RICE TO VARIOUS FLOODING CONDITIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhistira Nugraha ◽  
Georgiana V. Vergara ◽  
David J. Mackill ◽  
Abdel Bagi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Two types of floods can be happen in rice crops, i.e. flash floods and  stagnant floods. Flash floods cause complete submergence for up to 2 weeks, while stagnant floods (SF) could partially submerge part of rice  plant. To overcome yield loss due to the floods, introgression of SUB1 gene, known as a gene suppressing cell elongation and carbohydrate  metabolism, to rice genotype can increase plant tolerance to complete submergence for 10 days or more. The study aimed to evaluate the response of 18 rice genotypes, including the recently developed sixth pair SUB1 near isogenic lines (NILs) of mega-rice varieties (Swarna, Sambha Mahsuri, IR64, TDK1, BR11, and CR1009), to various flooding conditions. The rice genotypes were planted at field ponds at Los Banos, Philippines, in the wet season (WS) of 2009. The treatments were 15 days  submergence, SF, SF follows submergence and normal conditions. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized block design with three<br />replications. The results showed that the SUB1 introgression rice lines had higher survival compared to the non-SUB1 and did not much elongate their shoots during submergence. Nevertheless, under SF the rice genotypes should elongates their shoots to allow restoring contact with the air. SF and SF follows submergence decreased the panicle number, grain<br />number per panicle and panicle fertility. Consequently, the yield declined. It suggests that sensitive genotypes are mostly sourcelimited during grain filling. The SUB1 introgression lines had higher chlorophyll concentration and less depletion in soluble sugar and starch after submergence. Under SF, soluble sugar and starch contents between the SUB1 NILs and  non-SUB1 lines were not significantly different. Introgression of the SUB1 into high-yielding varieties improved submergence tolerance without affecting yield potential. The study indicates that introgression of the SUB1 into taller type rice varieties should be done to compensate the effect of suppressed elongation. <br />

Effect of gibberellic acid on reserve food mobilization of maize (Zea mays L. var Arun-2) endosperm during germination

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra K Subedi ◽  
Tribikram Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Growth Axis ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Reserve Food

In the first 24 hrs of germination, the dry matter of the growth axis decreased in the control while in 1 mg/l GA3 solution it increased and in 10 mg/l and 100 mg/l the amount remained the same. Exogenous GA3 overcomes the dry matter loss in the growth axis during the initial stage and results in an increase in the amount of dry matter. GA3 application probably mobilized more soluble sugar to the growth axis, which results in an increase in the amount of soluble sugar in the growth axis as compared to caryopsis grown under control. 1 mg/l GA3 enhanced the amount of soluble sugar and decreased the ether extract. In protein mobilization, 1mg/l and 10mg/l GA3 solution appeared as effective as other treatments during the period from 48 to 96 hrs after sowing. The germination of seeds correlated directly with the mobilization of endosperm reserve. The seeds treated with 1 mg/l GA3 solution showed higher mobilization of endosperm reserve, which ultimately showed the higher germination percentage. Key words: GA3 mobilization, Zea mays, reserve food, protein, soluble sugar, ether extract Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 99-102, 2003

scholarly journals Effects of Rooting Volume Restriction on the Growth and Carbohydrate Concentration in Tomato Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Kenji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill `Ougata-fukuju' and `Korokoro') were grown in a soil or a hydroponic culture to study effects of rooting volume restriction on plant growth and carbohydrate concentrations. In soil culture, leaf lengths decreased linearly as container volume decreased, while plant height did not decrease linearly, irrespective of fruiting. The root to shoot ratio decreased in smaller volume containers, irrespective of fruiting, because dry mass accumulation in the stem and leaves was relatively less inhibited than that in the roots. Total plant dry mass did not differ between fruiting and deblossomed plants, irrespective of container volume. In hydroponic culture, plant height in small containers (37 cm3) was similar to that in large containers (2024 or 4818 cm3). The root to shoot ratio of the plants grown in small containers was lower than that of the plants grown in large containers, mainly due to less inhibition of the dry mass accumulation in the stem than in the leaves. When small containers were almost filled with roots (28 days after transplanting), soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves became ≈2-fold higher in the plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. At the end of experiment (42 days after transplanting), sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem were higher in plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. However, soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves did not differ between treatments.

Effects of Season and Harvesting Treatments on Soluble-Sugar and Starch Levels in Eucalyptus obliqua and E. globulus subsp. bicostata Roots, and Implications for Armillaria Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB Tomkins ◽  
JD Kellas ◽  
RO Squire
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
First Year ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Blue Gum

Seasonal variations in starch and soluble sugar in root wood of standing trees and stumps of messmate stringybark (Eucalyptus obliqua) and Victorian blue gum (E. globulus subsp. bicostata) were measured for 2 years in four mature stands at Mount Cole, Victoria. Previously established seasonal variations were confirmed for E. obliqua standing trees, and similar patterns were established for E. globulus subsp. bicostata in the first year of the study. E. globulus subsp. bicostata had higher starch reserves but similar sugar reserves to E. obliqua. Selection, shelterwood and clearcutting at the beginning of the second season had no effect on the starch and sugar reserves of retained trees. However, starch levels for stumps declined and appeared to be converted to sugars as the latter were maintained at normal levels, and they continued to show a seasonal variation for at least 12 months after cutting. There is little or no scope for manipulating the food base for Armillaria by varying the harvesting treatment and/or the season of treatment.

scholarly journals Foliar Thidiazuron Promotes the Growth of Axillary Buds in Strawberry

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Yali Li ◽  
Jiangtao Hu ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Ge Guo ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) can be easily propagated with daughter plants or through crown division, which are developed from the axillary bud at the axils of leaves. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different cytokinins, auxins, and their combinations on the axillary bud growth in strawberry. Four cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin, and thidiazuron (TDZ)) and three auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid) at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1 were sprayed on the leaves three times in 10-day intervals. The expression levels of cytokinin, auxin, and meristem-related genes in the crowns were also investigated. The results showed that TDZ was the most effective hormone for the axillary bud growth, and also promoted plant growth. However, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and starch contents in the leaves were lower after TDZ. TDZ activated the cytokinin signal transduction pathway, while repressing the auxin synthesis genes. Several meristem-related transcription factors were upregulated, which might be essential for the growth of the axillary buds. These results suggested that TDZ can improve the cultivation of strawberry, while further research is needed to explain the effect on phytochemistry.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SUB1 INTROGRESSION LINES OF RICE TO VARIOUS FLOODING CONDITIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhistira Nugraha ◽  
Georgiana V. Vergara ◽  
David J. Mackill ◽  
Abdel Bagi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Two types of floods can be happen in rice crops, i.e. flash floods and  stagnant floods. Flash floods cause complete submergence for up to 2 weeks, while stagnant floods (SF) could partially submerge part of rice  plant. To overcome yield loss due to the floods, introgression of SUB1 gene, known as a gene suppressing cell elongation and carbohydrate  metabolism, to rice genotype can increase plant tolerance to complete submergence for 10 days or more. The study aimed to evaluate the response of 18 rice genotypes, including the recently developed sixth pair SUB1 near isogenic lines (NILs) of mega-rice varieties (Swarna, Sambha Mahsuri, IR64, TDK1, BR11, and CR1009), to various flooding conditions. The rice genotypes were planted at field ponds at Los Banos, Philippines, in the wet season (WS) of 2009. The treatments were 15 days  submergence, SF, SF follows submergence and normal conditions. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized block design with three<br />replications. The results showed that the SUB1 introgression rice lines had higher survival compared to the non-SUB1 and did not much elongate their shoots during submergence. Nevertheless, under SF the rice genotypes should elongates their shoots to allow restoring contact with the air. SF and SF follows submergence decreased the panicle number, grain<br />number per panicle and panicle fertility. Consequently, the yield declined. It suggests that sensitive genotypes are mostly sourcelimited during grain filling. The SUB1 introgression lines had higher chlorophyll concentration and less depletion in soluble sugar and starch after submergence. Under SF, soluble sugar and starch contents between the SUB1 NILs and  non-SUB1 lines were not significantly different. Introgression of the SUB1 into high-yielding varieties improved submergence tolerance without affecting yield potential. The study indicates that introgression of the SUB1 into taller type rice varieties should be done to compensate the effect of suppressed elongation. <br />

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