scholarly journals Common species distribution and environmental determinants in South American coastal plains

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e02224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla J. P. Silva ◽  
Alexandre F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Common Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Environmental Determinants

Testing the simple and complex versions of Gloger’s rule in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens, Thamnophilidae)

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael S Marcondes ◽  
Katherine Faust Stryjewski ◽  
Robb T Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Simple Version ◽  
South Central ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Gloger’S Rule

Abstract Gloger’s rule is a classic ecogeographical principle that, in its simplest version, predicts animals should be darker in warmer and wetter climates. In a rarely tested more complex version, it also predicts animals should be more rufous in warmer and drier climates. The Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) is a widely distributed South American passerine that presents an impressive amount of plumage color variation and occupies a wide variety of climatic conditions. Moreover, genetic and vocal evidence indicate ongoing hybridization in south-central Bolivia among 3 populations with very distinct plumages. We collected color data from 232 specimens from throughout this species’ distribution to test the predictions of Gloger’s rule. We found a negative correlation between brightness and precipitation, consistent with the simple version of Gloger’s rule. In contrast, we found that birds were darker in cooler climates, contrary to the simple version of Gloger’s rule, but consistent with recent findings in other taxa. We found support for both predictions of the complex Gloger’s rule and suggest it might be driven by background matching. We conclude by concurring with a recent suggestion that the simple version of Gloger’s rule should be reformulated exclusively in terms of humidity.

Description of the female of Eilica pomposa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) with new records and notes on species distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3041 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
RICARDO Ott ◽  
EVERTON NEI LOPES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
South American ◽  
First Time

The genus Eilica Keyserling, 1891 is worldwide distributed including 28 species (Platnick, 2011). South American Eilica are represented by 10 species of which seven are known by more meridional distribution: E. amambay Platnick, 1985; E. maculipes (Vellard, 1925); E. modesta Keyserling, 1891 E. myrmecophila (Simon, 1903); E. pomposa Medan, 2001; E. trilineata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) and E. uniformis (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942). Eilica pomposa was described from Argentina based on only two known males collected around 1000 km apart from each other in a considered suspect wide distribution by Medan (2001:404). In this paper we describe and illustrate for the first time the female of E. pomposa and present notes on its natural history and distribution.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida isolates from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD 2011–16 study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv48-iv54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Fuller ◽  
Tanis C Dingle ◽  
Amy Bull ◽  
Sandy Shokoples ◽  
Michel Laverdière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the epidemiology of invasive Candida infections is essential to patient management decisions and antifungal stewardship practices. This study characterized the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of prospectively collected isolates of Candida species causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals located in 14 cities across 8 of the 10 Canadian provinces between 2011 and 2016.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using CLSI methods, breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values. DNA sequencing of fks loci was performed on all echinocandin-non-susceptible isolates.ResultsCandida albicans (49.6%), Candida glabrata (20.8%) and Candida parapsilosis complex (12.0%) were the most common species out of 1882 isolates associated with BSIs. Candida tropicalis (5.2%), Candida krusei (4.3%), Candida dubliniensis (4.1%), Candida lusitaniae (1.4%) and Candida guilliermondii (1.1%) were less frequently isolated. Between 2011 and 2016, the proportion of C. albicans significantly decreased from 60.9% to 42.1% (P < 0.0001) while that of C. glabrata significantly increased from 16.4% to 22.4% (P = 0.023). C. albicans (n = 934), C. glabrata (n = 392) and C. parapsilosis complex (n = 225) exhibited 0.6%, 1.0% and 4.9% resistance to fluconazole and 0.1%, 2.5% and 0% resistance to micafungin, respectively. Mutations in fks hot-spot regions were confirmed in all nine micafungin non-susceptible C. glabrata.ConclusionsAntifungal resistance in contemporary isolates of Candida causing BSIs in Canada is uncommon. However, the proportion of C. glabrata isolates has increased and echinocandin resistance in this species has emerged. Ongoing surveillance of local hospital epidemiology and appropriate antifungal stewardship practices are necessary to preserve the utility of available antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e20185833
Author(s):  
Alexandra Maria Ramos Bezerra ◽  
Samanta Uchôa Bordallo
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
First Record ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Source Of Information

Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), situated at Brazilian state of Pará, houses the third largest South-American mammal scientific collection, being a primary source of information for the study of Amazonian and Neotropical mammalians. The collection holds 245 felid specimens, comprising 210 skulls, 53 skins, 10 skeletons, and two anatomical pieces, representing 90% of wild Brazilian cat species, mainly from localities of Northern Brazil. We presented a list of this material, indexed by the genera and species. We also provided craniodental measurements of all the specimens with skull, and comment on the conservation status of the species and other remarkable data, including the first record of Leopardus tigrinus in the Brazilian state of Rondônia.

scholarly journals Species Distribution and Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strips Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of 112 Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Carrara ◽  
R. Richards ◽  
S. Imbert ◽  
F. Morio ◽  
M. Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Aspergillus niger, the third species responsible for invasive aspergillosis, has been considered as a homogeneous species until DNA-based identification uncovered many cryptic species. These species have been recently reclassified into the Aspergillus section Nigri. However, little is yet known among the section Nigri about the species distribution and the antifungal susceptibility pattern of each cryptic species. A total of 112 clinical isolates collected from 5 teaching hospitals in France and phenotypically identified as A. niger were analyzed. Identification to the species level was carried out by nucleotide sequence analysis. The MICs of itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and amphotericin B were determined by both the EUCAST and gradient concentration strip methods. Aspergillus tubingensis (n = 51, 45.5%) and Aspergillus welwitschiae (n = 50, 44.6%) were the most common species while A. niger accounted for only 6.3% (n = 7). The MICs of azole drugs were higher for A. tubingensis than for A. welwitschiae. The MIC of amphotericin B was 2 mg/liter or less for all isolates. Importantly, MICs determined by EUCAST showed no correlation with those determined by the gradient concentration strip method, with the latter being lower than the former (Spearman’s rank correlation tests ranging from 0.01 to 0.25 depending on the antifungal agent; P > 0.4). In conclusion, A. niger should be considered as a minority species in the section Nigri. The differences in MICs between species for different azoles underline the importance of accurate identification. Significant divergences in the determination of MIC between EUCAST and the gradient concentration strip methods require further investigation.

New Species or Interesting Records Of Foliicolous Lichens. II. Flavobathelium Epiphyllum (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Melanommatales)

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LÜcking ◽  
André Aptroot ◽  
Göran Thor
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
Foliicolous Lichens ◽  
Light Gaps

AbstractFlavobathelium epiphyllum gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new taxon is characterized by perithecia and pyenidia embedded in pulverulaceous, uni- to plurilocular pseudostromata, small, transversely septate ascospores, and the presence of bacillar to filiform macroconidia with gelatinous appendages and simple microconidia. Possible relationships are seen with the genus Phyllobathclium. Flavobathelium epiphyllum is a common species in Central and South American lowland to submontane rain forests with undisturbed vegetation. It is mostly found along moderately illuminated parts of the understory, such as small, natural light gaps.

scholarly journals Environmental determinants of the occurrence and activity of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of tick-borne diseases in eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Joanna Kulisz ◽  
Katarzyna Bartosik ◽  
Aneta Woźniak ◽  
Malwina Dzierżak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

AbstractIxodes ricinus is the most widely distributed tick species in Europe. Mainly deciduous and mixed forests, pastures, and urban parks are habitats preferred by this species. I. ricinus ticks are also one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of human and animal infectious diseases on the continent. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes causing Lyme borreliosis (LB) in humans and tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is a causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), are pathogens with the highest medical importance transmitted by this species. Investigations of the environmental determinants of the occurrence and activity of I. ricinus are crucial for elucidation of the environmental background of tick-borne diseases. In eastern Poland, I. ricinus is a common species with peak activity recorded in May in the entire region. During this period, 49 females, 32 males, and 55 I. ricinus nymphs were collected from an area of 900 m2. The results of the present study show that the occurrence and seasonal activity of this tick species are mainly influenced by microhabitat conditions, and saturation deficit has a significant effect on the activity of the species. Eastern Poland is characterized by a high incidence of LB and TBE. We have shown a correlation between the forest cover and the number of reported cases of tick-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254048
Author(s):  
Sharianne Suepaul ◽  
Karla Georges ◽  
Chandrashekhar Unakal ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Jamie Sookhoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document