Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Chapman ◽  
Philip Temby ◽  
Monique Crane ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis ◽  
Eleanor Quested ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Team Resilience

Situationism and War Crimes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Talbert ◽  
Jessica Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Situational Pressures

Chapter 2 applies the situationist view to war crimes. A number of the experiments discussed in Chapter 1 focus on situations that seem directly relevant to the circumstances in which war crimes occur. For this reason, several social psychologists and philosophers argue that situationism offers the most plausible explanation of how and why war crimes occur. According to the situationist view, war crimes can occur as a result of both immediate battlefield conditions, and the ongoing situational pressures of military training and culture. Advocates of this view argue that this combination of situational forces undermines the ability of military personnel to recognize and act on relevant moral considerations, leading them to believe that certain acts, such as torture, are permissible. Thus military personnel may be unable to recognize illegal and immoral orders, even in situations arising far from the heat of battle.

The Mediating Effect of English Self-efficacy on the Relationships between Motivation to Learn, Intention to Share Knowledge, and Job Performance Among Military Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Siti Haizam Mohd Zin ◽  
Mohammad Nazri
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
The Relationship

Extensive research on the relationship between employees' use of English in the workplace and their job performance has revealed that the use of English at work leads to increased job performance and positive interactions among staff. In relation to this, a good command of English among military staff, especially officers, is of great importance to the Armed Forces, as military personnel often serve abroad and need to be proficient in communicating their instructions and orders to a foreign team. Previous research has also shown that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of job performance; however, the role of self-efficacy in learning English language skills has not been widely explored as mediator in the relationship between motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and job performance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can be used to improve the understanding of English self-efficacy and its relationship with employees’ motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and capability to complete a given task. This framework informs and guides future research that will test the hypothesized relationships. The findings would assist the English Department of the Education Directorate of the Malaysian Armed Forces to design or revise military training syllabi and approaches.

scholarly journals Acylcarnitine Concentrations Are Increased in Response to an Extended Energy Deficit, but Return to Normal Following Recovery in Tactical Military Personnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 611-611
Author(s):  
Paul Baker ◽  
Ronald Matheny ◽  
Paul Henning ◽  
Barry Spiering ◽  
William Conkright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract Objectives Tactical military personnel regularly undergo training and operations that place them under extreme physical and psychological stress. Severe negative energy balance is one stressor that occurs due to prolonged and strenuous physical exertion and limited access to food. During an energy deficit, the body predominately relies on fat stores, leading to greater fatty acid β-oxidation. Acylcarnitine species, intermediate products formed as acyl groups are moved into the mitochondria to undergo β-oxidation, have been shown to increase during periods of fasting and return to normal upon refeeding either a eucaloric or isocaloric diet in healthy individuals. Carnitine and acylcarnitine species have not been assessed during prolonged energy deficit in healthy men undergoing strenuous military training. Objective To determine longitudinal changes in carnitine and acyl derivatives during a severe energy deficit. Methods This secondary analysis examined carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations before (PRE) and after (POST) 61-d U.S. Army Ranger training and following 2–6 wk of recovery (REC). During training, participants (n = 23; mean ± SD: 23.0 ± 2.8 y; 81.0 ± 9.6 kg; 16.8 ± 3.9% body fat) consumed ∼2200 kcal/d, but still averaged ∼1000–4000 kcal/d energy deficit. Carnitine and acylcarnitine (C2-C22) concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. Results At POST, male soldiers had increased concentrations of 18 of 58 acylcarnitine species (C2, C4-OH, C5, C6, C6:1, C8-DC, C12:1, C14:1, C16-OH, C16:1, C16:1-OH, C16:2, C18:1-OH, C18:1-DC, C18:2-OH, C20:2-OH, C20:3, C22:3; P ≤ 0.05) compared to PRE. Except for C20:3, all acylcarnitine species returned to PRE concentrations following REC (P > 0.05). Carnitine concentrations were no different from PRE to POST (40 ± 7 and 36 ± 7 µmol/L, respectively; P > 0.05), but concentrations were higher following REC (43 ± 5 µmol/L) compared to POST (P = 0.05). Conclusions Severe energy deficit incurred during strenuous military training increased some, but not all, acylcarnitine species. However, at least 2 weeks of recovery was enough time for most acylcarnitine concentrations to return to baseline. Funding Sources DMRP/USAMRDC. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the Army, DoD, or U.S. Government.

scholarly journals Improvement of legal basis of life and health protection of military personnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
B I Zholus
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military

Provisions and requirements of the Internal service regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation regarding the rights and obligations of military personnel for life and health protection are analyzed. Provisions in regulations of 1993 and 2007 years are compared. The compliance of articles of the Regulations to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws from May 27th, 1998 No. 76 «Concerning the status of military personnel», from November 21st, 2011No. 323 «On fundamental healthcare principles in the Russian Federation» and from March 30th, 1999 No. 52 «Concerning the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population» are described. Insufficient legal confirmation of the duties of a serviceman in protection of his own health is noted. One of the problems of education and training of the military personnel of various classes is the lack of such subject as a military hygiene in the curriculum. In prerevolutionary military educational establishments, the hygiene was studied and at the course end there was examination. One of the important elements of the health protection of the servicemen is a sanatorium-resort therapy which can be treated as a part of preventive medical examination. Data on decline of sanatorium service of the military personnel in connection with the legislation changes are presented. Considering physical and mental health of servicemen as a guaranty of high-degree alert and military efficiency it is proposed to start studying the Instruction on life and health protection of the serviceman in the period of a basic military training (soldier, sailor, cadet). Proposals on hygiene studying in fostering and educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense.

scholarly journals Descriptive and Injunctive Norms Related to E-Cigarettes

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e1919-e1922
Author(s):  
Kinsey Pebley ◽  
Rebecca A Krukowski ◽  
Kathleen Porter ◽  
Melissa A Little
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Injunctive Norms

Abstract Introduction E-cigarette use has rapidly increased in prevalence in the United States, and rates of use are even higher among military personnel compared to the general population. Descriptive and injunctive norms have previously been shown to impact tobacco use. However, little research has been conducted related to e-cigarette descriptive and injunctive norms, and no research has addressed e-cigarette norms among a military population. Materials and Methods From July, 2018 to February, 2019, 22 focus groups (N = 164) were conducted among airmen, military training leaders, and technical training instructors. The focus groups aimed to gain insight into facilitators and barriers to tobacco use during technical training, where airmen receive training for their specific jobs. Study procedures were approved by the institutional review board of the 59th Medical Wing in San Antonio. Focus group recordings were transcribed, and transcripts coded. Themes related to descriptive and injunctive norms were examined for the current study. Results Many interviewees mentioned the prevalence of e-cigarette use, either generally (“…a lot of people vape but that’s kind of the thing nowadays”) or with specific estimates of how many airmen use (“vaping, probably at least 60-70%”). However, injunctive norms were not commonly discussed, with only a couple of interviewees mentioning that e-cigarette use is the “cool” trend or they feel peer pressure. Conclusions Descriptive norms were more commonly mentioned than injunctive norms, which may indicate that injunctive norms are not as influential for e-cigarette use. Additionally, all estimates related to e-cigarette prevalence were higher than actual rates of use, showing an overestimation of use, which previous literature has shown increases likelihood of e-cigarette use. Future research should specifically ask about injunctive norms as well as determine if descriptive and injunctive norms influence actual e-cigarette use behaviors among military personnel.

A Dispositional Account of War Crimes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Talbert ◽  
Jessica Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Military Training ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Dispositional Account ◽  
Causes Of War ◽  
Personality System

Chapter 3 challenges the situationist account of war crimes and offers an alternative dispositional account of the causes of war crimes. After criticizing the situationist accounts of war crimes described in Chapter 2, we propose a dispositional account of war crimes that emphasizes the ways in which war crimes can be conceived of as expressions of combatants’ character traits and moral agency. This account draws on a social cognitivist theory of personality according to which personality is best construed as a Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS). We argue that military training and culture leads to the development of CAPS traits in military personnel by interacting with and shaping their goals, actions, beliefs, and emotions related to their military service.

Economic and Legal Issues for Training Reserve Personnel Among the University Students in Kazakhstan and Foreign Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Aydin I. RYSKULBEKOV ◽  
Zufar R. BURNAYEV ◽  
Kharis Sh. VAFIN ◽  
Manasbay KOZHANULY ◽  
Askar K. BORASHEV
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

In modern conditions, at the stage of professionalization of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to reorient to own forces, to concentrate the intellectual and financial potential on the further development of the domestic system of military education and military science. The aim of this study is to consider the development trends of the training of reserve officers and military personnel in different countries, as well as highlight on the basis of the obtained data the main effective ways to improve the qualifications and improve military-patriotic education of military personnel. As a result, stages of the implementation of ways to improve the military-patriotic education of student youth are proposed, and it also presents what development prospects this brings in terms of improving the Kazakh army, as well as open opportunities for improving the teaching of military training in higher educational institutions.

scholarly journals Body weight and body composition changes during military training and deployment involving the use of combat rations: a systematic literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza C. Tassone ◽  
Bradley A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractDismounted military personnel operate in physically and psychologically demanding environments, with energy intake from combat rations often falling short of their requirements, leading to reductions in body weight and changes in body composition, which can impact both their health and performance. This review systematically investigated the effects of the continual use of combat rations for periods of 3–40 d on body weight and/or body composition in military personnel engaged in training or deployment. In all, ten databases were searched from their inception until October 2016. Outcome data were described narratively, with studies assessed for quality and risk of bias. A total of thirty studies undertaken over 3–34 d were included. Studies were rated positive, neutral or negative in quality according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Checklist, with many at risk of bias. Reductions in mean body weight varied, from a negligible decrease of 0·1 % during 8 d of combat training to a substantial decrease of approximately 8·3 % during 12 d of energy restriction during a US Army Ranger course. Decreases in fat mass, fat-free mass and percentage body fat were also reported. There is thus evidence that the continual use of combat rations for periods of 3–34 d results in reductions in body weight and body composition changes which, in some scenarios, may impact on the performance of troops. Body weight and composition should be routinely monitored before and after field activities, and at more regular intervals depending on the length, intensity and type of activity being undertaken.

Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Distance Learning for Adult Training inMilitary Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 1939-1949
Author(s):  
Ilias Maglogiannis ◽  
Kostas Karpouzis
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Distance Learning System

A major issue problem in military training is the territorial dispersion of military personnel in a wide geographical area. Typically in every military training course, officers are gathered in training camps and attend the lessons. The specific model obliges officers to leave their position, their units to lose their ser-vices and is extremely costly, as the learners have to move and reside near the training camp during their training. The application of distance learning techniques seems in a position to solve such problems. The School of Research and Informatics of University of the Aegean (UoA), for Officers of the Greek Army in cooperation with the academic community in Greece studied the possibility of training military per-sonnel via a computer assisted distance-learning system and then implemented a pilot programme in Op-erational Business Management. The present chapter describes the results of this study, the experience acquired during the implementation and an overall assessment of the pilot program.

Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Distance Learning for Adult Training inMilitary Environments

2007 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Ilias Maglogiannis ◽  
Kostas Karpouzis
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Distance Learning System

A major issue problem in military training is the territorial dispersion of military personnel in a wide geographical area. Typically in every military training course, officers are gathered in training camps and attend the lessons. The specific model obliges officers to leave their position, their units to lose their ser-vices and is extremely costly, as the learners have to move and reside near the training camp during their training. The application of distance learning techniques seems in a position to solve such problems. The School of Research and Informatics of University of the Aegean (UoA), for Officers of the Greek Army in cooperation with the academic community in Greece studied the possibility of training military per-sonnel via a computer assisted distance-learning system and then implemented a pilot programme in Op-erational Business Management. The present chapter describes the results of this study, the experience acquired during the implementation and an overall assessment of the pilot program.

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