Normative Data for Impact Microindentation for Australian Men: Cross‐Sectional Data From the Geelong Osteoporosis Study

ObjectivesThe OsteoProbe measures Bone Material Strength Index (BMSi) of cortical bone in living humans using impact microindentation (IMI). Research using this minimally invasive technique is expanding yet, to-date, there have been no reports about its feasibility in the research setting. In this study, we assessed the feasibility and tolerability of using the OsteoProbe in men enrolled in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data collected in a population-based study.SettingBarwon Statistical Division, southeastern Australia, 2016–2018.MethodsFor 252 of 345 consecutive participants (ages 33–96 years), BMSi was measured using the OsteoProbe at the mid-tibia. Immediately following measurement, each participant used a Visual Analogue Scale (0–10) to rate the level of discomfort that was anticipated and experienced, their initial reluctance towards the measurement and their willingness to repeat measurement.ResultsReasons for non-measurement in 92 men were needle phobia (n=8), discomfort after first indentation (n=5), skin infections (n=21), excessive soft tissues around the mid-tibia region (n=56), inability to provide informed consent (n=2). Among 252 men who had IMI measures, the expectation for pain during measurement was low (1.54±1.56), as was actual pain experienced (0.38±0.71). Reluctance to undergo measurement was low (0.34±0.93). All participants indicated a willingness to have the measurement performed again. Mean (±SD) BMSi was 83.0±6.4 (range 62.3–93.0).ConclusionIn this study, the procedure was well accepted by participants suggesting that IMI testing with the OsteoProbe is feasible in a research setting.

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Development of a Pitch Discrimination Screening Test for Preschool Children

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.14052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (04) ◽

pp. 281-292

Author(s):

Maria Kulick Abramson ◽

Peter J. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Normative Data ◽

Frequency Discrimination ◽

Auditory Discrimination ◽

Auditory Memory ◽

Pitch Discrimination ◽

Choice Response ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: There is a critical need for tests of auditory discrimination for young children as this skill plays a fundamental role in the development of speaking, prereading, reading, language, and more complex auditory processes. Frequency discrimination is important with regard to basic sensory processing affecting phonological processing, dyslexia, measurements of intelligence, auditory memory, Asperger syndrome, and specific language impairment. Purpose: This study was performed to determine the clinical feasibility of the Pitch Discrimination Test (PDT) to screen the preschool child’s ability to discriminate some of the acoustic demands of speech perception, primarily pitch discrimination, without linguistic content. The PDT used brief speech frequency tones to gather normative data from preschool children aged 3 to 5 yrs. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was used to gather data regarding the pitch discrimination abilities of a sample of typically developing preschool children, between 3 and 5 yrs of age. The PDT consists of ten trials using two pure tones of 100-msec duration each, and was administered in an AA or AB forced-choice response format. Study Sample: Data from 90 typically developing preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 yrs were used to provide normative data. Data Analysis: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-testing was used to examine the effects of age as a continuous variable on pitch discrimination. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the significance of age on performance on the PDT. Spearman rank was used to determine the correlation of age and performance on the PDT. Results: Pitch discrimination of brief tones improved significantly from age 3 yrs to age 4 yrs, as well as from age 3 yrs to the age 4- and 5-yrs group. Results indicated that between ages 3 and 4 yrs, children’s auditory discrimination of pitch improved on the PDT. The data showed that children can be screened for auditory discrimination of pitch beginning with age 4 yrs. Conclusions: The PDT proved to be a time efficient, feasible tool for a simple form of frequency discrimination screening in the preschool population before the age where other diagnostic tests of auditory processing disorders can be used.

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Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Functioning of Children with Perinatal HIV-Infection in The Netherlands

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13101947 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1947

Author(s):

Stefanie E. M. van van Opstal ◽

Emma J. Dogterom ◽

Marlies N. Wagener ◽

Femke K. Aarsen ◽

Harald S. Miedema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Normative Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perinatal Hiv ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Advances in antiretroviral treatment improved the life expectancy of perinatally HIV-infected children. However, growing up with HIV provides challenges in daily functioning. This cross-sectional cohort study investigated the neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning of a group of perinatally HIV-infected children in the Netherlands and compared their outcomes with Dutch normative data and outcomes of a control group of uninfected siblings. The children’s functioning was assessed with internationally well-known and standardized questionnaires, using a multi-informant approach, including the perspectives of caregivers, teachers, and school-aged children. In addition, we explored the associations of socio-demographic and medical characteristics of the HIV-infected children with their neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning. Caregivers reported compromised functioning when compared to Dutch normative data for HIV-infected children in the areas of attention, sensory processing, social-emotional functioning, and health-related quality of life. Teachers reported in addition compromised executive functioning for HIV-infected children. A comparison with siblings revealed differences in executive functioning, problems with peers, and general health. The concurrent resemblance between HIV-infected children and siblings regarding problems in other domains implies that social and contextual factors may be of influence. A family-focused approach with special attention to the child’s socio-environmental context and additional attention for siblings is recommended.

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Accuracy of Anthropometric Measurements: Past, Present, and Future

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0010_aoampp_2.3.co_2 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 10-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Leslie G. Farkas

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Normative Data ◽

Population Sample ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Validity ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Experience, based on anthropometric examination of over 1000 children with facial syndromes and more than 2400 healthy subjects of both sexes and various ages, has led me to diverge in some points from the more usual views found in the physical anthropologic literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major controversial topics associated with anthropometric measurement. These include the problems associated with formation of a representative population sample, the relative validity of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, the interpretation of intraobserver and interobserver testings, and the questionable judgments of mensurative skill in clinical practice. The factors influencing the accuracy of anthropometric measurements, definitions of both the consistent and less reliable measurements, and the duration of validity of anthropometric normative data are also discussed.

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Normative Data for the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency in Indian Children 6½ to 9½ Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study

Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1615/critrevphysrehabilmed.2013006945 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1-2) ◽

pp. 125-136

Author(s):

Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽

Sourov Saha ◽

Sailakshmi Ganesan

Keyword(s):

Normative Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Indian Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Motor Proficiency

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Normative Data for Derived Measures and Discrepancy Scores for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 75-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paulina V Devora ◽

Samantha Beevers ◽

Andrew M Kiselica ◽

Jared F Benge

Keyword(s):

Normative Data ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Data Repository ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set ◽

Validity Data ◽

Retention Score ◽

Discrepancy Scores ◽

Error Index

Abstract Objective The Uniform Data Set 3.0 (UDS 3.0) neuropsychological battery is a recently published battery intended for clinical research with older adult populations. While normative data for the core measures has been published, several additional discrepancy and derived scores can also be calculated. We present normative data for Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B discrepancy and ratio scores, semantic and phonemic fluency discrepancy scores, Craft Story percent retention score, Benson Figure percent retention score, difference between verbal and visual percent retention, and an error index. Method Cross-Sectional data from 1803 English speaking, cognitively normal control participants were obtained from the NACC central data repository. Results Descriptive information for derived indices is presented. Demographic variables, most commonly age, demonstrated small but significant associations with the measures. Regression values were used to create a normative calculator, made available in a downloadable supplement. Statistically abnormal values (i.e., raw scores corresponding to the 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles) were calculated to assist in practical application of normative findings to individual cases. Preliminary validity of the indices are demonstrated by a case study and group comparisons between a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's (N = 81) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB; N = 100). Conclusions Clinically useful normative data of such derived indices from the UDS 3.0 neuropsychological battery are presented to help researchers and clinicians interpret these scores, accounting for demographic factors. Preliminary validity data is presented as well along with limitations and future directions.

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Normative data for the 6-min walk test in 11–14 year-olds: a population-based study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-021-01666-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mario Kasović ◽

Lovro Štefan ◽

Vilko Petrić

Keyword(s):

Normative Data ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Walk Test ◽

Target Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The 6-min walk test (6MWT) has become an established measure for assessing exercise capacity in children with chronic diseases. However, little evidence has been provided regarding population-based normal data in healthy children. The main purpose of the study was to provide normative data in a large sample of children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 4352 children between 11 and 14 years were recruited (66% girls). The main outcome measure was the distance walked for six minutes. Sex- and age-specific percentile values (5th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th and 95th) for the 6MWT were created and the differences and correlations were examined by the analysis of variance and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Results The mean distance walked in 6 min was 576 ± 93 m in boys and 545 ± 92 m in girls, respectively. The mean walking speed for boys and girls was 98 ± 5 m/min and 91 ± 6 m/min. Older boys and girls performed better, compared to their younger counterparts (p for age < 0.001). The 6MWT was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), height (r = 0.09, p < 0.001), weight (r = − 0.13, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (r = − 0.26, p < 0.001). Conclusions This is the first population-based study aiming to provide normative data for the 6MWT in healthy children between 11 to 14 years. Children in lower percentiles are ‘target groups’ for special intervention aiming to enhance the performance.

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NORMATIVE DATA OF PENILE LENGTH ON CHILDREN AGE GROUPS WITH TANNER CLASSIFICATION IN HASAN SADIKIN HOSPITAL

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v24i2.226 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Caesar Khairul Wallad ◽

Jupiter Sibarani ◽

Tjahjodjati Tjahjodjati

Keyword(s):

Normative Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Penile Length ◽

Local Data ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Local Reference ◽

History Of ◽

Race Ethnicity

Objective: It has been reported that normal value of penile length were varied among countries. Difference in race, ethnicity, genetics and nutrition plays a factor in penile length. Micropenis is an abnormality in which penile length were considered smaller in comparison of a ‘normal penile length’. There are published article in Asia and Europe in terms of local penile length figures unfortunately none in West Java. This study was aim to establish local data as a reference in order to define micropenis. Material & method: All subjects in pediatric outpatient clinics were collected with cross sectional method. Exclusion criteria includes: congenital penile disease (hypospadias, burried penis, chordee, fistulas, webbed, etc), history of hormonal therapy, malnourished, and congenital syndromes. Subjects will undergone examination of stretched penile length. Results: A total of 276 children were included in the study with 23 subjects in each Tanner groups. The average penile length in Hasan Sadikin Hospital were inferior in all groups in contrast with the Tanner age groups as cited in table 1. Conclusion: Normative local data of penile length is necessary. Not using the local reference may result in underestimation and overdiagnosis.

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Establishing Normative Data for 10RM Strength Scores in College-Aged Males

International Journal of Strength and Conditioning ◽

10.47206/ijsc.v1i1.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Timothy Piper ◽

Seth Furman ◽

Thomas Smith ◽

Michael Waller

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Normative Data ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Training Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weight Category ◽

College Age ◽

Post Test ◽

And Training

Training recommendations for novice to intermediate lifters, and numerous research studies, include loads that correspond to a 10RM, yet there is no normative data for college-age males available with which to make comparisons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide 10RM normative reference values for various strength exercises for 18 to 25-year-old males. Cross-sectional performance and anthropometric data were obtained over the course of five years as part of a college basic strength training course under the direct supervision of an NSCA-CSCS*D. All exercises were performed according to the guidelines established by the NSCA. All testing and training occurred in the same facility and utilized the same equipment for testing and training. Testing occurred prior to the structured training program began and then again upon completion of 12 weeks of training. A total of 1095 subjects (age = 19.94 +1.633 years; height = 70.57 +3.017 inches; pre-test bodyweight = 188.30 +40.975 pounds; post-test bodyweight = 190.31 +40.688 pounds; years of strength training experience = 3.76 +2.484 years, ranging from zero experience up to 13 years) participated in the study. Bodyweight categories were derived based upon two established classification systems used in competitive lifting sports. Percentiles for each weight category were reported, where the weighted average method was used to determine the percentile break points. These norms provide a range of possible 10RM loads as well as a reference to the strength levels, which could be useful for fitness professionals to more effectively assess and design resistance training programs.

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Using Diagnostic Ultrasound to Support the Diagnose Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 996-996

Author(s):

Edgar Vieira ◽

Lily Charles ◽

Monica Cortes ◽

Tabitha Lees

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Normative Data ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Diagnostic Ultrasound ◽

Pennation Angle ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Head Neck

Abstract Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is currently the gold standard for diagnosing loss of muscle mass in older adults (a component of sarcopenia diagnosis). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have also been used successfully. Due to elevated costs, limited access, exposure to radiation, and increased difficulty of operation, other methods have been explored as alternatives. We reviewed the literature on the use of diagnostic ultrasound to assist in the diagnose sarcopenia in older adults by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL using a variation of terms related to “ultrasound”, “sarcopenia”, and “older adults”. We included studies that included older adults over the age of 60. Eighteen studies were included after screening for eligibility and conducting full-text reviews. The most common transducer head frequency utilized in the studies were 5-12 and 8 MHz (three studies each), followed by 5, 6, and 7.5 MHz (two studies each). The most common musculature examined was anterior thigh musculature, followed by muscles of the lower leg, upper extremity, abdominals, and head/neck. Measurements most taken were muscle thickness/cross sectional area (18 studies), followed by muscle echogenicity (9 studies), and pennation angle (3 studies). Ultrasound is a reliable and valid tool to examine muscle thickness to assist in diagnosing sarcopenia. However, echogenicity measures of a muscle were not reliable. Further research is needed with increased sample size and variance amongst subjects to generalize and create normative data. In addition, standardized protocols for the use of ultrasound to assist in the diagnosing sarcopenia need to be established.

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