Normative data for the 6-min walk test in 11–14 year-olds: a population-based study

Abstract Background The 6-min walk test (6MWT) has become an established measure for assessing exercise capacity in children with chronic diseases. However, little evidence has been provided regarding population-based normal data in healthy children. The main purpose of the study was to provide normative data in a large sample of children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 4352 children between 11 and 14 years were recruited (66% girls). The main outcome measure was the distance walked for six minutes. Sex- and age-specific percentile values (5th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th and 95th) for the 6MWT were created and the differences and correlations were examined by the analysis of variance and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Results The mean distance walked in 6 min was 576 ± 93 m in boys and 545 ± 92 m in girls, respectively. The mean walking speed for boys and girls was 98 ± 5 m/min and 91 ± 6 m/min. Older boys and girls performed better, compared to their younger counterparts (p for age < 0.001). The 6MWT was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), height (r = 0.09, p < 0.001), weight (r = − 0.13, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (r = − 0.26, p < 0.001). Conclusions This is the first population-based study aiming to provide normative data for the 6MWT in healthy children between 11 to 14 years. Children in lower percentiles are ‘target groups’ for special intervention aiming to enhance the performance.

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Should tumbling E go out of date in amblyopia screening? Evidence from a population-based sample normative in children aged 3–4 years

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 761-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sandra Guimaraes ◽

Tiago Fernandes ◽

Patrício Costa ◽

Eduardo Silva

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Type ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Mean ◽

Highly Correlated

AimsTo determine a normative of tumbling E optotype and its feasibility for visual acuity (VA) assessment in children aged 3-4 years.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1756 children who were invited to participate in a comprehensive non-invasive eye exam. Uncorrected monocular VA with crowded tumbling E with a comprehensive ophthalmological examination were assessed. Testability rates of the whole population and VA of the healthy children for different age subgroups, gender, school type and the order of testing in which the ophthalmological examination was performed were evaluated.ResultsThe overall testability rate was 95% (92% and 98% for children aged 3 and 4 years, respectively). The mean VA of the first-day assessment (first-VA) and best-VA over 2 days’ assessments was 0.14 logMAR (95% CI 0.14 to 0.15) (decimal=0.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.73) and 0.13 logMAR (95% CI 0.13 to 0.14) (decimal=0.74, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.74). Analysis with age showed differences between groups in first-VA (F(3,1146)=10.0; p<0.001; η2=0.026) and best-VA (F(3,1155)=8.8; p<0.001; η2=0.022). Our normative was very highly correlated with previous reported HOTV-Amblyopia-Treatment-Study (HOTV-ATS) (first-VA, r=0.97; best-VA, r=0.99), with 0.8 to 0.7 lines consistent overestimation for HOTV-ATS as described in literature. Overall false-positive referral was 1.3%, being specially low regarding anisometropias of ≥2 logMAR lines (0.17%). Interocular difference ≥1 line VA logMAR was not associated with age (p=0.195).ConclusionsThis is the first normative for European Caucasian children with single crowded tumbling E in healthy eyes and the largest study comparing 3 and 4 years old testability. Testability rates are higher than found in literature with other optotypes, especially in children aged 3 years, where we found 5%–11% better testability rates.

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The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity with infertility in a population-based study: Tehran thyroid study (TTS)

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00773-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Batul Birjandi ◽

Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽

Atieh Amouzegar ◽

Maryam Tohidi ◽

Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

History Of ◽

Autoimmune Condition ◽

Biochemical Measurements ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background Thyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS). Methods Cross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 12,823 cases in phase 4, 3719 cases (2108 female and 1611 male) were analyzed. The mean TSH of the infertile female and male was 2.52 ± 2.68 μIU/ml and 3.24 ± 10.26 μIU/ml respectively. The TPO median(IQR) of women with and without a history of infertility were 6.05 (3.30–13.96)and 6.04 (3.17–11.15);(P = 0.613), they were 5.08 (3.20–125.68) and 5.31 (3.93–125.68);(P = 0.490) in male participants, respectively. Results of crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of the development of infertility by thyroid function and TPOAb, except for fT4 in male subjects, depicted no association between infertility and other variables in both crude and adjusted models. Conclusion Based on the result, thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with infertility in both females and males.

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Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel M. Harris ◽

Angela M. C. Rose ◽

Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽

Nigel Unwin

Keyword(s):

Communicable Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Group 4 ◽

The Mean ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

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Falls among the elderly: risk factors in a population-based study

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400030011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 705-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Iara Guimarães Rodrigues ◽

Gustavo Pereira Fraga ◽

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Policies And Programs

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of falls among elderly adults in a population-based study (ISACamp 2008). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with two-stage cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 1,520 elderly adults living in the urban area of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The occurrence of falls was analyzed based on reports of the main accident occurred in the previous 12 months. Data on socioeconomic/demographic factors and adverse health conditions were tested for possible associations with the outcome. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated and adjusted for gender and age using the Poisson multiple regression analysis. Results: Falls were more frequent, after adjustment for gender and age, among female elderly participants (PR = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.47 - 3.87), elderly adults (80 years old and older) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.61 - 3.88), widowed (PR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.89) and among elderly adults who had rheumatism/arthritis/arthrosis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.48), osteoporosis (PR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.18 - 2.49), asthma/bronchitis/emphysema (PR = 1,73; 95%CI 1.09 - 2.74), headache (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.38), mental common disorder (PR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.12 - 2.64), dizziness (PR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.98 - 4.02), insomnia (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.16 - 2.65), use of multiple medications (five or more) (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 1.12 - 5.56) and use of cane/walker (PR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.19 - 3,93). Conclusion: The present study shows segments of the elderly population who are more prone to falls through the identification of factors associated with this outcome. The findings can contribute to the planning of public health policies and programs addressed to the prevention of falls.

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Prevalence and service assessment of cataract in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province, China: population-based study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e031337 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danba Jiachu ◽

Ling Jin ◽

Feng Jiang ◽

Li Luo ◽

Hong Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Response Rate ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Better Than

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness (BL) due to cataract and cataract surgical outcomes in remote dispersed and high-altitude Tibetan areas of China.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 50 and above in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Kandze (TAPK), China, in 2017. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness protocol was followed.ParticipantsOf 5000 eligible participants, 4764 were examined (response rate 95.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCataract VI was defined as lens opacity at visual acuity (VA) levels of <3/60 (Blindness (BL)), ≥3/60 and <6/60 (severe visual impairment (SVI)), ≥6/60 and <6/18 (moderate visual impairment (MVI)), ≥6/18 and <6/12 (early visual impairment (EVI)).ResultsThe estimated prevalence of cataract BL was 0.61% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.87). With best corrected VA, the estimated prevalence of SVI from cataract was 0.86% (95% CI 0.63 to 1.17); MVI was 2.39% (95% CI 2.00 to 2.87) and EVI was 5.21% (95% CI 4.61 to 5.87). Women in TAPK had a significantly higher prevalence of cataract BL (0.82%, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.15) than men (0.34%, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.70). Women had lower cataract surgical coverage (CSC) by eyes (60.8%, 95% CI 55.5 to 65.8) compared with men (70.1%; 95% CI 63.7 to 75.7). The prevalence of cataract BL was higher among Tibetan (2.28%; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.62) than Han Chinese (1.01%%; 95% CI 0.54% to 1.87%). Overall CSC by person with BL (by better eye) was 82.0% (95% CI 75.2 to 87.6). Among cataract-operated participants, 71.2% had VA equal to or better than 6/18.ConclusionsThe study detected a low prevalence of VI and BL due to cataract with high CSC in the study area compared with many other places in China. Further actions should be taken to improve cataract surgical outcome.

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Public Awareness of Tuberculosis in Southeast China: A Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16214290 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xinyi Chen ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Xiaomeng Wang ◽

Chengliang Chai ◽

Kui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

First Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

And Control

Few provinces in China have recently conducted population-based surveys on tuberculosis (TB) awareness at the provincial level. Hence, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study to evaluate the level of awareness of TB knowledge among residents of Zhejiang Province, China from October 2018 to December 2018. A total of 7174 individuals were randomly selected to participate in this survey. The rate of awareness of key information on TB was found to be 48.0%. The study’s participants exhibited a good understanding of the transmission route (80.8%), curable outcome (78.3%), and designated treatment sites (67.0%) of TB. The rate of awareness of suspicious TB symptoms (36.1%) and the relief policy on diagnosis and first-line therapeutic drugs (38.0%) were found to be relatively low among the respondents. People living in rural areas, those who were less educated, and students all showed a low level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. In conclusion, residents in Zhejiang Province generally lacked key information about TB, which is not conducive to the early detection and treatment of TB. Corresponding efforts should be made for different groups of people to achieve favorable effects on the prevention and control of TB.

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Drug use in French children: a population-based study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307224 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 960-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anne Bénard-Laribière ◽

Jérémy Jové ◽

Régis Lassalle ◽

Philip Robinson ◽

Cécile Droz-Perroteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽

Median Number ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Significant Toxicity ◽

Healthcare Insurance ◽

Outpatient Children

Background and objectiveTo provide an overview of drug use in outpatient children in France, a population-based study using a national reimbursement claims database representative of 90% of the French population was conducted.DesignCross-sectional study performed between January and December 2011 using the EGB database (Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires), a 1/97th sample of the national healthcare insurance system beneficiaries. Drug use in children <18 years old was estimated through reimbursements for prescribed drugs excluding vaccines. Prevalences of use were calculated for different levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification by considering as users children who had at least one reimbursement during the study period.ResultsIn 2011, 133 800 children were included in the study. The overall prevalence of drug use was 84% and the median number of different drugs per child was 5. Drug use was greatest in children aged <2 years. The most widely used drugs were paracetamol, systemic anti-infectives, nasal corticosteroids and decongestants, and anti-histamines. 21% children <2 years received domperidone.ConclusionsThere is widespread use of medicines that are unlikely to be effective and may have significant toxicity in French children. Irrational use of medicines appears to be greatest in children aged 5 years and under.

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Nutrient Patterns and Their Relation With Obesity in Iranian Adults: A Population-based Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40532/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Amini ◽

Zahra Akbarzade ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Mahshid Shahavandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Major Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Patterns

Abstract Objective: In spite of growing evidence on the associations between nutrient patterns and obesity. A few study examined the association between patterns of nutrient intake and obesity we aimed to explore the association between nutrient pattern and obesity in Iranian adults.Results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 850 subjects aged years 20 to 59 were randomly selected. Our statistical analysis revealed three major nutrient patterns that show the principle factor loading of nutrient intake. We observed a significant association between quintiles in men for Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (P<0.006) in the first nutrient pattern. Moreover, we identified a significant difference between quintiles in the first nutrient pattern in women for obesity (P=0.007), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (P<0.02). In the third nutrient pattern, we identified a significant association for SBP in women (P<0.02).

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Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Mono-Saccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) Consumption and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet-Santé Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4513

Author(s):

Elodie Schneider ◽

Jean-Marc Sabaté ◽

Michel Bouchoucha ◽

Serge Hercberg ◽

Mathilde Touvier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Mean ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Composition Table

(1) Background: Specific foods, and more particularly, fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are often considered as triggers of digestive symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to study FODMAP consumption in controls and IBS participants in a large French population-based cohort; (2) Methods: Participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study completed the Rome IV and IBS-SSS questionnaire in a cross sectional study. Among them, 27,949 eligible participants had previously completed three 24-h recalls as well as anthropometrics, socio-demographical and lifestyle data. Total FODMAP intake (in g/day) was computed using a specific composition table. The association between FODMAPs and IBS was estimated through multivariable logistic regression models; (3) Results: Included participants were mainly women (75.4%) and the mean age was 43.4 ± 14.1 years. FODMAPs accounted for a mean daily intake of 19.4 ± 9.5 g/day. Overall 1295 participants (4.6%) were identified with an IBS. After adjusting for confounding factors, IBS participants had lower intakes in FODMAPs than non-IBS ones (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95, p-value: 0.001). IBS severity was associated with more frequent low FODMAP intakes (<9 g/day); (4) Conclusions: Participants tended to consume 19 g of FODMAPs per day, but slightly less for IBS participants than for controls. In IBS participants, higher severity was associated with lower intakes.

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Incidence, Pattern and Mechanisms of Injuries and Fractures in Children Under Two Years of Age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-151604/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Rosendahl ◽

Ramona Myklebust ◽

Kjersti Foros Forseth ◽

Andreas Nøttveit ◽

Pernille Eide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Accidental Injury ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fractures In Children ◽

Tibia Fractures

Abstract Background: Fractures in children under two years of age are rare, and little has been published on their mechanisms. We aimed at examining the incidence, mechanisms, pattern and fracture characteristics in a large, population-based cohort of otherwise healthy children.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study includes all children aged 0-2 years, attending the Accident and Emergency department in Bergen between 2010 and 2015, due to an injury warranting radiography. Clinical data was categorized from the medical notes, and all radiographs were reviewed by an experienced paediatric radiologist. Results: 408 children (212 male), 3-23 months of age (mean 17.7 months), were included. 149 (77 male) children had a total of 162 fractures, yielding an annual incidence of 5.4 per 1000, varying from 0.7 per 1000 for those under 12 months of age, increasing tenfold to 7.3 per 1000 for children aged 12-24 months of age. More than half of the fractures (53.1%) were seen in children aged 18-23 months, while none was found in those under 7 months of age. The youngest age group had mostly femur and tibia fractures, the oldest mostly forearm fractures (n=55, 34.0%), followed by tibia fractures (21.6%) and fractures to the clavicle (14.8%). The reported mechanisms for the 162 fractures were fall from a chair/bed/table (41.4%), fall from own height (18.5%) or crush injury (15.4%). In 5% of the injuries, the fracture history was clearly inconsistent and suspicious of non-accidental injury (NAI). Conclusion: Injuries and fractures in young children in general, and non-ambulant children in particular, are rare and should be thoroughly assessed for NAI. Level of evidence: Retrospective, population based cross-sectional study. Level 3.

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