The anatomy and histology of the nervous system and excretory system of the maldanid polychaetesClymenella torquata andEuclymene oestedi

1978 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Excretory System

The development and morphology of Polycercus lumbrici (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Glandular Structure ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
The Many

Polycercus lumbrici, previously described only by Metchnikov (1868) in Russia, has been found in Scotland in the earthworm Allolobophora terrestris.Experimental infestation of earthworms with Polycercus lumbrici as a result of feeding them with the eggs of Paricterotaenia paradoxa shows that the proliferating cysts are the larvae of the latter as suggested by Joyeux and Baer (1939).There is evidence that Polycercus may induce parasitic castration of the earthworm in which it occurs.Metchnikov's description of the development of the larva is confirmed for the most part but is modified to include a retroversion of the larva in its early stages of development. The development of the scolex is shown to follow a pattern similar to that of Cysticercus fasciolaris in that the hooks are borne on a ‘prebulb’ which later invests a ‘bulb’, the former giving rise to the muscles of the walls of the double sac of the rostellum, the latter to the hook-elevator muscles.The rostellar hooks of P. paradoxa are elevated by the action of a double layer of muscles which radiate from a conical invagination of the bulb. These muscles, in association with the muscles of the wall of the rostellum, elevate the hooks by modifying the shape of the rostellum rather than by direct action on the hooks.The nervous system and the excretory system in the scolex of P. paradoxa are briefly described and the nature of the ‘glandular’ structure of the rostellum is discussed.I wish to record my gratitude to Professor H. G. Callan for affording me the facilities for my work and to the many persons, too numerous to mention by name, who helped me to obtain my material. I am particularly indebted to Mr D. R. R. Burt for guidance and constructive criticism at all stages of my work and to Mr I. M. Sandeman for much helpful advice.The work was carried out during the tenure of Research Grants from Madras College, St Andrews, and from the D.S.I.R., to whom I would express my appreciation for their aid.

The anatomy of Köllikeria filicollis (Rudolphi, 1819), Cobbold, 1860 (Trematoda: Digenea) showing that the sexes are not entirely separate as hitherto believed

Parasitology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harford Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes

The anatomy of Köllikeria filicollis (Rudolphi, 1819), Cobbold, 1860 (Trematoda: Digenea) is described in detail.An account is given of the integument and musculature of the worm and the structure of the cyst in which it is found, followed by a discussion of the body wall in other digenetic trematodes. The alimentary canal, excretory system, nervous system and genitalia are also described.The study shows that the sexes are not entirely separate in all members of the genus Köllikeria as hitherto believed.The systematic position of K. filicollis is discussed and a specific diagnosis is given for the species.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of organochlorine compounds contained in the water network of the domestic water supply on the health of population in cities of the Perm Krai

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
A. S. Sboev ◽  
Christina V. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perm Region

The article presents the analysis of the impact of drinking water organochlorine compounds on the population health (Perm region). Results of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment for population of the city of Perm and the Perm region under the chronic oral exposure of organochlorine compounds in drinking water are presented. Real concentrations of organochlorine compounds in drinking water were determined to be potent of emerging an unacceptable risk of diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, hormone system, excretory system, central nervous system and the blood system. According to the results of epidemiological studies there was established the statistically significant relation between the consumption of water containing organochlorine compounds and the development of diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, central nervous system, and excretory system.

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MALE NYGOLAIMUS AQUATICUS THORNE, 1930

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
V. M. Das
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cuticular Structure ◽  
Whole Mounts

The anatomy of males of Nygolaimus aquaticus Thorne, 1930, collected from Blackburn, Ontario, is described. Descriptions are based on whole mounts and also on serial sections. Specimens embedded in paraffin were cut in sections 9 μ in thickness and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Special emphasis is given to cuticular structure, such as median pores, lateral pores, hemizonid, and transverse and longitudinal striations, which are described and illustrated. Besides these structures, other organ systems of the body, such as digestive system, excretory system, nervous system, and reproductive organs, have also been described and illustrated.

Development of Fasciola hepatica in the mammalian host.

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-111
Author(s):  
Mark W. Robinson ◽  
Robert E. B. Hanna ◽  
Ian Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
System P

Abstract This book chapter is intended present current understanding of Fasciola anatomy at the ultrastructural level and including organs, parenchyma, muscles, nervous system, cellular skeleton, intestines and excretory system.

A comparison of the structure of the scolex of Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller 1776) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud. 1819) and the mode of attachment of the scolex to the intestine of the host

Parasitology ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 468-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Sphincter Muscle ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mode Of Attachment ◽  
Clestobothrium Crassiceps

1. Two Pseudophyllidea, Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud.), have been obtained from Scophthalmus maximus (L.) and Merluccius merluccius (L.) respectively, from fishing grounds to the west of the British Isles.2. The musculature of the scolex in both has been compared relative to the form and mode of function of that organ. All the major groups of muscles are present in both, but their arrangement is modified in C. crassiceps, due to the presence of hemispherical bothria, instead of open grooves, and a sphincter muscle around the bothrial opening.3. The mode of attachment is discussed briefly in C. crassiceps, and in more detail in B. scorpii, where the structure of the scolex was found to be admirably suited to the form of the host's mucosa. The effect on the mucosa is slight, due to the absence of very powerful muscles and of other specialized adhesive structures.4. The nervous system of the scolex in both species has been compared, and a fundamental similarity has been found. Modifications in C. crassiceps are associated with shortening of the scolex and the difference in form of the bothria.5. The excretory system shows the same correlation with the form of the scolex.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document