A comparison of the structure of the scolex of Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller 1776) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud. 1819) and the mode of attachment of the scolex to the intestine of the host

Parasitology ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 468-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Sphincter Muscle ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mode Of Attachment ◽  
Clestobothrium Crassiceps

1. Two Pseudophyllidea, Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud.), have been obtained from Scophthalmus maximus (L.) and Merluccius merluccius (L.) respectively, from fishing grounds to the west of the British Isles.2. The musculature of the scolex in both has been compared relative to the form and mode of function of that organ. All the major groups of muscles are present in both, but their arrangement is modified in C. crassiceps, due to the presence of hemispherical bothria, instead of open grooves, and a sphincter muscle around the bothrial opening.3. The mode of attachment is discussed briefly in C. crassiceps, and in more detail in B. scorpii, where the structure of the scolex was found to be admirably suited to the form of the host's mucosa. The effect on the mucosa is slight, due to the absence of very powerful muscles and of other specialized adhesive structures.4. The nervous system of the scolex in both species has been compared, and a fundamental similarity has been found. Modifications in C. crassiceps are associated with shortening of the scolex and the difference in form of the bothria.5. The excretory system shows the same correlation with the form of the scolex.

The plerocercoid larva of Grillotia heptanchi (Vaullegeard)

Parasitology ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Lateral Line Canal ◽  
The Right

The plerocercoid larvae of Grillotia heptanchi (Vaulle-geard) used in the present study were obtained from the right supra-orbital lateral line canal of a specimen of Merluccius merluccius (L.). Two larvae were located in the canal in the region of the frontal bone and two in the region of the nasal. All were alive and were found to expand and contract slowly on removal. Unfortunately, the exact locality from which the fish came is not known as it was obtained from a fishmonger at Cardiff, but it is fairly certain that it was caught off the west coast of the British Isles.

scholarly journals Influence of preoperative corticosteroid treatment on rate of diagnostic surgeries in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Scheichel ◽  
Franz Marhold ◽  
Daniel Pinggera ◽  
Barbara Kiesel ◽  
Tobias Rossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Abstract Background Corticosteroid therapy (CST) prior to biopsy may hinder histopathological diagnosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Therefore, preoperative CST in patients with suspected PCNSL should be avoided if clinically possible. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries in PCNSL patients with and without preoperative CST. Methods A multicenter retrospective study including all immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 1/2004 and 9/2018 at four neurosurgical centers in Austria was conducted and the results were compared to literature. Results A total of 143 patients were included in this study. All patients showed visible contrast enhancement on preoperative MRI. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries with and without preoperative CST with 97.1% (68/70) and 97.3% (71/73), respectively (p = 1.0). Tapering and pause of CST did not influence the diagnostic rate. Including our study, there are 788 PCNSL patients described in literature with an odds ratio for inconclusive surgeries after CST of 3.3 (CI 1.7–6.4). Conclusions Preoperative CST should be avoided as it seems to diminish the diagnostic rate of biopsy in PCNSL patients. Yet, if CST has been administered preoperatively and there is still a contrast enhancing lesion to target for biopsy, surgeons should try to keep the diagnostic delay to a minimum as the likelihood for acquiring diagnostic tissue seems sufficiently high.

scholarly journals Malpigmentation of Common Sole (Solea solea) during Metamorphosis Is Associated with Differential Synaptic-Related Gene Expression

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Menelaos Kavouras ◽  
Emmanouil E. Malandrakis ◽  
Ewout Blom ◽  
Kyriaki Tsilika ◽  
Theodoros Danis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
General Term ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Sole

In farmed flatfish, such as common sole, color disturbances are common. Dyschromia is a general term that includes the color defects on the blind and ocular sides of the fish. The purpose was to examine the difference in gene expression between normal pigmented and juveniles who present ambicoloration. The analysis was carried out with next-generation sequencing techniques and de novo assembly of the transcriptome. Transcripts that showed significant differences (FDR < 0.05) in the expression between the two groups, were related to those of zebrafish (Danio rerio), functionally identified, and classified into categories of the gene ontology. The results revealed that ambicolorated juveniles exhibit a divergent function, mainly of the central nervous system at the synaptic level, as well as the ionic channels. The close association of chromophore cells with the growth of nerve cells and the nervous system was recorded. The pathway, glutamate binding–activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors–long-term stimulation of postsynaptic potential–LTP (long term potentiation)–plasticity of synapses, appears to be affected. In addition, the development of synapses also seems to be affected by the interaction of the LGI (leucine-rich glioma inactivated) protein family with the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) ones.

Numerical Model of Current Speed in Bojong Salawe Beach, Pangandaran West Java Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto ◽  
Nira na Nirwa ◽  
Yuniarti Yuniarti ◽  
Yudi Nurul Ihsan ◽  
Eddy Afrianto
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
The West ◽  
Instantaneous Speed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
West Monsoon ◽  
Current Movement

The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrodynamic conditions at Bojong Salawe beach. The method used in this research is a quantitative method, where numerical data is collected to support the formation of numerical models such as wind, bathymetry, and tide data. The hydrodynamic model will be made using Mike 21 with the Flow Model FM module to determine the current movement pattern based on the data used. In the west monsoon with a maximum instantaneous speed of 0.04 - 0.08 m/s, while in the east monsoon it moves with a maximum instantaneous speed of 0,4 – 0,44 m/s. The dominant direction of current movement tends to the northeast. The results indicate the current speed during the east monsoon is higher than the west monsoon. The difference in the current speed is also influenced by the tide conditions; higher during high tide and lower during low tide. Monsoons also have a role in the current movements, though the effect is not very significant.

scholarly journals XVI. On the influence of the gulf-stream on the winters of the British Islands. In a letter from Professor Hennessy to Major-General Sabine, V. P. and Treas. R. S. Communicated by Major-General Sabine

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Major General

My dear Sir,—In your work on 'Pendulum Experiments,’ and subsequently in a paper printed in the ‘Philosophical Magazine’ for April 1846, you have directed attention to the influence of the Gulf-stream on the winters of the British Islands. You have been led to attribute the remarkably mild winters which we sometimes experience, to an abnormal extension of the warm waters of that stream towards our latitudes. In this view I entirely concur, and beg to submit the following additional proof of its correctness. An abnormal extension of the Gulf-stream in the direction of the British Isles necessarily implies that the waters bathing our coasts acquire a temperature which exceeds their mean temperature for the season of the year at which the extension takes place. The temperature of the air over the sea, and finally of the air over the islands, becomes sensibly increased. The entire temperature at any point will thus depend chiefly on what it gains from sunshine, and from the warm sea-air, and on what it loses by radiation. If the excess of what it gains from sunshine over its losses by radiation be considerable compared to its gain from the influence of the sea, the temperature will depend principally on the latitude. If, on the contrary, the thermal influence of the sea be very considerable, places at different latitudes may possess nearly equal temperatures. It follows that during cold winters we should expect a greater difference between the temperatures of the southern coasts of Great Britain and Ireland, and the remainder of their coasts, than during mild winters. It also follows, that during warm winters the difference of temperature between stations situated on coast and inland stations having nearly the same latitude, should be greater than during cold winters.

scholarly journals QT Dispersion: A Predictor of Outcome Following Acute Neurologic Events

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
Elzbieta J Wirkowski ◽  
Joseph Moonjely ◽  
Todd J Cohen ◽  
Stephanie M Manzella ◽  
Richard H Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Qt Dispersion ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

P26 BACKGROUND: QT dispersion (QTD) reflects heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization, which is modulated by the central nervous system. Pervious studies have shown increased QTD to be a predictor of adverse outcome in various cardiac disease states. However, the central nervous system effects on QTD and its relation to functional outcomes have not been previously studied in patients with acute neurological events (NE). The objective of this study was to determine whether increased QTD is related to functional outcome in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). METHODS: We studied 140 consecutive pts. aged 72±10 yrs. (48% male) admitted to our institution with NE from 1/98 to 4/98. QTD was calculated from admission EKG as the difference between maximum and minimum QT intervals. 120 pts. had interpretable EKGs with measurable QT intervals in at least 11 of 12 leads. Three separate functional scales (NIHSS, Barthel, and Rankin) were obtained on admission and discharge were recorded. RESULTS: QTD was higher in pts. with intracerebral hemorrhage as compared to CVA and TIA (70±15 vs. 53±27 vs. 48±31 msecs. p=0.03). Increased QTD was associated with lower functional outcome on all 3 scales (all p<0.05) and with higher mortality (p=0.02). QTD was higher in pts. with congestive heart failure (80±43 vs. 47±24 msecs. p=0.006) and carotid disease (59±32 vs. 46±27 msecs. p=0.045) as compared to those without. QTD was not associated with atrial fibrillation or coronary disease. All patients with TIA survived. On multivariate analysis, other independent predictors of poorer outcome were QTD (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.68) and a trend towards age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99–1.16). On age-adjusted logistic regression, mortality increased by an OR 1.28, 95% (CI 1.02–1.61) for every 10 msec increase in QTD. CONCLUSION: QTD is an independent predictor of functional outcome and mortality following acute neurological events. In this setting, QTD reflects acute neurological injury as well as underlying heart disease. The mechanism of these findings merits further study.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY ON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Karlova ◽  
◽  
Olena Lesnovska ◽  
Roman Mylostyvyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Strong Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Relative Decline ◽  
Morning Milk

The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the type of the nervous system on the productive and reproductive qualities of animals. The type of nervous system (strong, weak) of cows of the Ukrainian red dairy breed was determined by the index of the nervous system, which is based on the variability of the fat content in the morning milk yield after changing the conditions of cows keeping. Under the new conditions of keeping cows with a strong type of nervous activity, the coefficients of variability of the morning milk yield and the fat content in milk practically remained at the same level (their slight increase was noted at the level of 4.5 and 3.1%). In cows of a weak type under similar conditions of keeping, a significant increase in the variability of milk yield (by 53.6%) and fat content in milk (by 266.7%) was found. In animals of both types, in the first days of summer-camp keeping, in comparison with winter-stall keeping, there was an increase in milk yield and a decrease in fat content in milk. In cows of the strong type, the fat content decreased by 0.08% and of the weak type by 0.12%. The average index of the nervous system type in animals of the strong type is 1.18, and in cows of the weak type 2.71 (P> 0.999). Before and during milking, the pulse rate in the cows of weak type was higher by 8.0 and 10.8 beats / min. (P> 0.999), compared with the strong type. The animals of strong type of the nervous system, in comparison with the weak type, had a smaller thickness of the concha and skin, a higher pulse and respiratory rate, and a lower rectal body temperature. In cows of a strong type of the nervous system in postnatal ontogenesis, the formation of productive traits took place more rapidly and they better adapted to the conditions of the external environment. This is evidenced by their high coefficient of relative decline in the growth at the age of one (85.0) than in animals with a weak type of nervous system (78.5). The advantage of cows with a strong type of nervous activity over a weak one in milk yield was 348 kg (P>0.95) and in milk fat 8.0 kg. The service period in animals with a strong type of nervous activity was 6.3 days shorter. The animals with a strong type of nervous activity during the first lactation had a higher adaptation index compared with animals of a weak type. The difference for this indicator is 0.49 (or 3.7%). They also had a higher productivity index for the first (3.1%) and second (4.0%) lactation. Thus, the typological features of the nervous activity of cows affect the formation of the most important functions of the body, which can be used in breeding work to improve the herd.

scholarly journals Inaccuracy in the Translation of Dentistry Terms from English into Arabic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p10
Author(s):  
Ayman R. Nazzal ◽  
Mohammad F. Khmous
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
American University ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

This study investigates the inaccuracies manifested in the translation of dental terms from English into Arabic by Palestinian dentists. It underscores the fact that the translation of dental terms is part and parcel of technical translation; and accounts for the major causes and provides an adequate solution for such inaccuracies.The findings of the study point out the shortcomings of using different dental translation strategies simultaneously for the same term and point out that the experience and the institutional background of the dentists have a profound impact on the accuracy of translating dental terms. The findings have also underlined the difference between technical and conventional translation rules. While the study points out that dentists have used Arabicisation, transliteration, and descriptive translation strategies for the accomplishment of adequate equivalences in the translation of dental terms, it has shown also that Arabicisation is highly neglected and rarely used by dentists in comparison with the other two translation strategies. Transliteration is the most common especially among specialists and descriptive is mainly used by dentists with non-specialists.The methodology used in this study relied heavily on the data taken from a pilot study, carried out through the distribution of a questionnaire to a hundred dentists at the American University in the city of Jenin and in the city of Nablus on the West Bank, followed with a number of personal interviews with a number of dentists.

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