The impact of elevated CO2and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

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Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1591

Author(s):

Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽

Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽

Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽

Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Winter Season ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Relative Water ◽

Different Seasons ◽

The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

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The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Yuliia Kochiieru ◽

Audronė Mankevičienė ◽

Jurgita Cesevičienė ◽

Roma Semaškienė ◽

Jūratė Ramanauskienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Falling Number ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

The Impact ◽

Full Maturity

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

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Abiotic Stresses: Alteration of Composition and Grain Quality in Food Legumes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2238

Author(s):

Sumi Sarkar ◽

Marium Khatun ◽

Farzana Mustafa Era ◽

A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽

Md. Parvez Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Economic Security ◽

Poor People ◽

Grain Composition ◽

Food Legumes ◽

The World ◽

Quality Of Food ◽

The Impact

Abiotic stresses varyingly affect the grain composition and quality of food legumes. This paper is aimed at discussing the impact of abiotic stresses on the grain composition and quality of food legumes. As protein is the main grain constituent of food legumes for which it is being consumed by humans as a cheap protein source, abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, salinity and heavy metals alter this grain protein content in different dimensions for different food legumes. Moreover, other valuable constituents such as starch, soluble sugar, oil, fatty acid and fiber content are affected differently by the abiotic stresses. The diverse impact of these abiotic stresses ultimately declines the grain quality and yield of food legumes. As food legumes play a vital role in the nutritional diet of millions of people in the world and are occasionally denoted as the meat of poor people, it is important to recognize that the sustainable production of food legumes, even under various environmental stresses, has the potential to ensure protein security for people globally. Therefore, it has become a necessity to improve the productivity and quality of food legumes under abiotic stresses through proper crop management and improved breeding strategies, thus enhancing food and economic security to the farmers, particularly in the developing countries of the world.

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Formation of corn grain quality in different directions of use depending on the technology of growing in the Forest-steppe

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-07 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 74-84

Author(s):

V. F. Kaminskyi ◽

N. M. Asanishvili

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Starch Content ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products ◽

Corn Grain

Purpose. The aim of the research conducted during 2016-2019 was to determine the impact of technological methods on the indicators of corn grain quality to optimize the elements of growing technology depending on the directions of use in conditions of the Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods – field, quantitative and weight, chemical, comparative and calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the results of the research, dependences of formation of quality of grain on the content of protein, starch, fat in it and correlation dependencies between these indicators and yield of corn have been revealed. The best quality of grain of a forage and food direction is formed when applying high doses of mineral fertilizers, and for processing on bioethanol the optimal content of starch and protein is guaranteed at optimum and raised level of fertilizing. It was established that the content of protein, starch and fat had less effect on their yield from 1 hectare than the general yield level. The technologies of cultivation of different intensity as to their possible application for the production of grain of different directions of use with the given quality parameters, the yield of protein, starch, fat and bioethanol have been evaluated. Conclusions. The technology of corn growing with complex application of intensification elements in conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, which includes introduction of N240P120K240 on the background of by-products of its predecessor, application of the soil and insurance herbicide, plant growth and micro-fertilizers is suitable for fodder and food purposes and ensured the yield of 12.1 t/ha of grain with protein content and yield – 10.56% and 1.28 t/ha, fat – 4.29% and 0.52 t/ha, starch – 71.27% and 8.62 t/ha. For processing on bioethanol effective is the technology of corn growing with the introduction of N180P120K180, by-products of the predecessor, soil herbicide and bio-stimulants, which provided a yield of 9.76 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 72.26% for the yield of 7.05 t/ha and yield of bioethanol at the level of 3982 l/ha.

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The impact of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and nitrogen supply on grain quality of rice

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2007.03.006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 128-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Lianxin Yang ◽

Yulong Wang ◽

Guichun Dong ◽

Hui Gu ◽

Jianye Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽

Free Air ◽

The Impact

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Developmental and environmental effects on the assembly of glutenin polymers and the impact on grain quality of wheat

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2011.10.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H.A. Naeem ◽

D. Paulon ◽

S. Irmak ◽

F. MacRitchie

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Grain Quality ◽

The Impact

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The impact of elevated tropospheric ozone on grain quality of hybrid rice: A free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2012.01.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yunxia Wang ◽

Lianxin Yang ◽

Yan Han ◽

Jianguo Zhu ◽

Kazuhiko Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Gas Concentration ◽

Free Air ◽

Face Experiment ◽

The Impact

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GRAIN QUALITY OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES SELECTED BY NORTH-CAUCASUS RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL CENTER

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2019-51-2-7-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

N. A. Galushko ◽

N. M. Komarov ◽

N. I. Sokolenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Soft Winter Wheat ◽

The Impact ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.

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Assessment of the impact of growth activators from the pyridine-3-carboxamide class on the crop structure, yield and grain quality of winter wheat

10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-120 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Ya. Barchukova ◽

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Grain Quality ◽

The Impact

The article analyzes the dependence of the yield and grain quality of winter wheat on the treatment of seeds with compounds 1 and 2 from the pyridine-3-carboxamides class. Compound 2 has shown itself to be of the greatest importance as a factor in increasing the yield-news and grain quality indicators.

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