The impact of elevated tropospheric ozone on grain quality of hybrid rice: A free-air gas concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

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The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Yuliia Kochiieru ◽

Audronė Mankevičienė ◽

Jurgita Cesevičienė ◽

Roma Semaškienė ◽

Jūratė Ramanauskienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Falling Number ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

The Impact ◽

Full Maturity

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

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Abiotic Stresses: Alteration of Composition and Grain Quality in Food Legumes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2238

Author(s):

Sumi Sarkar ◽

Marium Khatun ◽

Farzana Mustafa Era ◽

A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽

Md. Parvez Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Economic Security ◽

Poor People ◽

Grain Composition ◽

Food Legumes ◽

The World ◽

Quality Of Food ◽

The Impact

Abiotic stresses varyingly affect the grain composition and quality of food legumes. This paper is aimed at discussing the impact of abiotic stresses on the grain composition and quality of food legumes. As protein is the main grain constituent of food legumes for which it is being consumed by humans as a cheap protein source, abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, salinity and heavy metals alter this grain protein content in different dimensions for different food legumes. Moreover, other valuable constituents such as starch, soluble sugar, oil, fatty acid and fiber content are affected differently by the abiotic stresses. The diverse impact of these abiotic stresses ultimately declines the grain quality and yield of food legumes. As food legumes play a vital role in the nutritional diet of millions of people in the world and are occasionally denoted as the meat of poor people, it is important to recognize that the sustainable production of food legumes, even under various environmental stresses, has the potential to ensure protein security for people globally. Therefore, it has become a necessity to improve the productivity and quality of food legumes under abiotic stresses through proper crop management and improved breeding strategies, thus enhancing food and economic security to the farmers, particularly in the developing countries of the world.

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Relationship Between Plant Type and Grain Quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Rice Science ◽

10.1016/s1672-6308(08)60103-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xian-bin HAO ◽

Xiu-fang MA ◽

Pei-song HU ◽

Zhong-xu ZHANG ◽

Guo-min SUI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Northern China ◽

Plant Type

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Formation of corn grain quality in different directions of use depending on the technology of growing in the Forest-steppe

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-07 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 74-84

Author(s):

V. F. Kaminskyi ◽

N. M. Asanishvili

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Starch Content ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products ◽

Corn Grain

Purpose. The aim of the research conducted during 2016-2019 was to determine the impact of technological methods on the indicators of corn grain quality to optimize the elements of growing technology depending on the directions of use in conditions of the Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods – field, quantitative and weight, chemical, comparative and calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the results of the research, dependences of formation of quality of grain on the content of protein, starch, fat in it and correlation dependencies between these indicators and yield of corn have been revealed. The best quality of grain of a forage and food direction is formed when applying high doses of mineral fertilizers, and for processing on bioethanol the optimal content of starch and protein is guaranteed at optimum and raised level of fertilizing. It was established that the content of protein, starch and fat had less effect on their yield from 1 hectare than the general yield level. The technologies of cultivation of different intensity as to their possible application for the production of grain of different directions of use with the given quality parameters, the yield of protein, starch, fat and bioethanol have been evaluated. Conclusions. The technology of corn growing with complex application of intensification elements in conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, which includes introduction of N240P120K240 on the background of by-products of its predecessor, application of the soil and insurance herbicide, plant growth and micro-fertilizers is suitable for fodder and food purposes and ensured the yield of 12.1 t/ha of grain with protein content and yield – 10.56% and 1.28 t/ha, fat – 4.29% and 0.52 t/ha, starch – 71.27% and 8.62 t/ha. For processing on bioethanol effective is the technology of corn growing with the introduction of N180P120K180, by-products of the predecessor, soil herbicide and bio-stimulants, which provided a yield of 9.76 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 72.26% for the yield of 7.05 t/ha and yield of bioethanol at the level of 3982 l/ha.

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Impact of Elevated CO2 and Reducing the Source-Sink Ratio by Partial Defoliation on Rice Grain Quality – A 3-Year Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Study

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.788104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Gao ◽

Shaowu Hu ◽

Liquan Jing ◽

Yunxia Wang ◽

Jianguo Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Rice Quality ◽

Free Air ◽

Source Sink ◽

The Impact ◽

Rice Processing

Evaluating the impact of increasing CO2 on rice quality is becoming a global concern. However, whether adjusting the source-sink ratio will affect the response of rice grain quality to elevated CO2 concentrations remains unknown. In 2016–2018, we conducted a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown at ambient and elevated CO2 levels (eCO2, increased by 200 ppm), reducing the source-sink ratio via cutting leaves (LC) at the heading stage, to investigate the effects of eCO2 and LC and their interactions on rice processing, appearance, nutrition, and eating quality. Averaged across 3 years, eCO2 significantly decreased brown rice percentage (−0.5%), milled rice percentage (−2.1%), and head rice percentage (−4.2%) but increased chalky grain percentage (+ 22.3%) and chalkiness degree (+ 26.3%). Markedly, eCO2 increased peak viscosity (+ 2.9%) and minimum viscosity (+ 3.8%) but decreased setback (−96.1%) of powder rice and increased the appearance (+ 4.5%), stickiness (+ 3.5%) and balance degree (+ 4.8%) of cooked rice, while decreasing the hardness (−6.7%), resulting in better palatability (+ 4.0%). Further, eCO2 significantly decreased the concentrations of protein, Ca, S, and Cu by 5.3, 4.7, 2.2, and 9.6%, respectively, but increased K concentration by 3.9%. Responses of nutritional quality in different grain positions (brown and milled rice) to eCO2 showed the same trend. Compared with control treatment, LC significantly increased chalky grain percentage, chalkiness degree, protein concentration, mineral element levels (except for B and Mn), and phytic acid concentration. Our results indicate that eCO2 reduced rice processing suitability, appearance, and nutritional quality but improved the eating quality. Rice quality varied significantly among years; however, few CO2 by year, CO2 by LC, or CO2 by grain position interactions were detected, indicating that the effects of eCO2 on rice quality varied little with the growing seasons, the decrease in the source-sink ratios or the different grain positions.

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Developmental and environmental effects on the assembly of glutenin polymers and the impact on grain quality of wheat

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2011.10.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H.A. Naeem ◽

D. Paulon ◽

S. Irmak ◽

F. MacRitchie

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Grain Quality ◽

The Impact

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Effects of elevated ozone, carbon dioxide, and the combination of both on the grain quality of Chinese hybrid rice

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yunxia Wang ◽

Qiling Song ◽

Michael Frei ◽

Zaisheng Shao ◽

Lianxin Yang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Elevated Ozone

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GRAIN QUALITY OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES SELECTED BY NORTH-CAUCASUS RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL CENTER

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2019-51-2-7-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

N. A. Galushko ◽

N. M. Komarov ◽

N. I. Sokolenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Soft Winter Wheat ◽

The Impact ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.

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