Determination of the Carboxyl Dissociation Degree and
            pK
            a
            Value of Mono and Polyacid Solutions by FTIR Titration

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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Temperature Dependence of G and D’ Phonons in Monolayer to Few-Layer Graphene with Vacancies

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-020-03414-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingming Yang ◽

Longlong Wang ◽

Xiaofen Qiao ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Yufan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Temperature Coefficient ◽

Negative Temperature ◽

Intrinsic Properties ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Phonon Interaction ◽

Electron Phonon Interaction ◽

Layer Graphene ◽

A Value ◽

Few Layer Graphene

Abstract The defects into the hexagonal network of a sp2-hybridized carbon atom have been demonstrated to have a significant influence on intrinsic properties of graphene systems. In this paper, we presented a study of temperature-dependent Raman spectra of G peak and D’ band at low temperatures from 78 to 318 K in defective monolayer to few-layer graphene induced by ion C+ bombardment under the determination of vacancy uniformity. Defects lead to the increase of the negative temperature coefficient of G peak, with a value almost identical to that of D’ band. However, the variation of frequency and linewidth of G peak with layer number is contrary to D’ band. It derives from the related electron-phonon interaction in G and D’ phonon in the disorder-induced Raman scattering process. Our results are helpful to understand the mechanism of temperature-dependent phonons in graphene-based materials and provide valuable information on thermal properties of defects for the application of graphene-based devices.

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Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

Economics and Culture ◽

10.1515/jec-2017-0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rita Bužinskienė

Keyword(s):

Financial Management ◽

Intangible Assets ◽

Fair Value ◽

Financial Information ◽

Financial Accounting ◽

True Value ◽

A Value ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

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An Analysis of Conventional and Self-Aligned four Terminal Resistor Structures for The Determination of The Contact Resistivity from End Resistance Measurements

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-71-363 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Suni ◽

M. Finetti ◽

K. Grahn

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Computer Model ◽

Contact Resistivity ◽

Experimental Results ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Model Based ◽

A Value ◽

And Diffusion

AbstractA computer model based on the finite element method has been applied to evaluate the effect of the parasitic area between contact and diffusion edges on end resistance measurements in four terminal Kelvin resistor structures. The model is then applied to Al/Ti/n+ Si contacts and a value of contact resistivity of Qc = 1.8×10−7.Ωcm2 is derived. For comparison, the use of a self-aligned structure to avoid parasitic effects is presented and the first experimental results obtained on Al/Ti/n+Si and Al/CoSi2/n+Si contacts are shown and discussed.

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NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN KANGKUNG HIDROPONIK MENJADI KANGKUNG RENDANG

Jurnal Agrilink ◽

10.36985/agrilink.v9i2.433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 95-106

Author(s):

Indrawaty Sitepu ◽

Nurmely Violeta Sitorus

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Rice Flour ◽

Production Costs ◽

Added Value ◽

Water Spinach ◽

A Value ◽

Chicken Eggs

Kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang merupakan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah, menghasilkan produk yang dapat dikonsumsi, serta menambah pendapatan dan keuntungan produsen.Tujuan penelitian untuk menguraikan apa saja tahapan pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangukung rendang, menganalisis biaya produksi, penerimaan, dan pendapatan, menganalisis nilai tambah pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang, menganalisis apakah usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak diusahakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Bromo lorong Amal Medan Denai Kota Medan. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, Metode pengambilan sampel secara sensus yaitu usaha Syifa Hidroponik dengan pengambilan data ulangan selama 2,5 bualan sebanyak 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian: 1) Tahapan pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang yaitu: Penyediaan bahan baku kangkung hidroponik, kangkung dihaluskan, pengadonan kangkung, telur ayam, tepung beras dan garam, kangkung dikukus, kangkung didinginkan, dipotong-potong, digoreng, pemasakan bumbu rendang, pencampuran kangkung yang digoreng dengan bumbu rendang dan pemasaran. Total biaya pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang untuk sekali produksi sebesar Rp 545.291,83, penerimaan sebesar Rp 1.500.000,00, per sekali produksi dan pendapatan sebesar Rp 954.708,17 per sekali produksi. Nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang tergolong tinggi dengan rasio nilai tambah 75,31% > 50%.Usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak untuk diusahakan dengan nilai R/C rasio 2,75 > 1. Abstract Hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is an activity that can increase added value, produce edible products, as well as increase producer income and profits. The purpose of the research is to describe what are the stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang kangukung, analyze production costs, revenue, and income, analyze added value of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, analyzing whether the business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is worth the effort. This research was conducted in Jalan Bromo Amal Medan Denai alley Medan City. Determination of the study area was done purposively, census sampling method that is Syifa Hydroponic business with retrieval data retrieval for 2.5 boasting as many as 10 replications. The results of the study: 1) The stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, namely: Provision of raw materials for hydroponic water spinach, crushed water spinach, stirring water spinach, chicken eggs, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach water spinach, cut into pieces, fried, fried spicy water spinach, cooking water spinach kale, chicken egg, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach kangkung cooled, cut, fried, cooking spices, rendang, mixing fried kale with spicy rendang and marketing. The total cost of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach for one production is Rp. 545,291.83, revenue is Rp. 1,500,000.00, per production and income is Rp. 954,708.17 per production. The added value generated from the processing of hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is classified as high with a value added ratio of 75.31%> 50%. The business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is feasible to be cultivated with an R / C ratio of 2.75> 1.

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Liquid Carbon Dioxide Use in the Extraction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil From Olive Paste

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v3n4p119 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raffaele Romano ◽

Nadia Manzo ◽

Immacolata Montefusco ◽

Annalisa Romano ◽

Antonello Santini

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Liquid Carbon ◽

Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽

A Value ◽

Olive Mill Waste Water

In this study the use of liquid carbon dioxide, CO2, for extraction of oil from olive paste (Peranzana cultivar) were examined and extracted oil was compared with oils obtained by centrifugation, pressure and use of chemical solvent. It is well known that the use of CO2 has many advantages: miscibility with a wide range of molecules, food safety, non-flammability, absence of residues in the extract, possibility of total solvent recovery and no production of olive mill waste water that are highly polluting for the environment and require expansive disposal. Samples were subjected to the following analyses: determination of Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Peroxides Value (PV), Spectrophotometric Indices, Fatty Acids Composition (FA), determination of biophenols content and determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). All samples showed FFA, PV and ?K values within the limits established by law for extra-virgin olive oil. The use of CO2 did not catalyze hydrolysis, oxidation and condensation of double bonds. Centrifuged oils and oils extracted with carbon dioxide presented the lowest PV and FFA values. Extraction with liquid carbon dioxide contributed to an increasing of phenolic content with a value of 270.5 mg/kg, a value twice that of the oils extracted with centrifugation (135.3 mg/kg) or pressure methods (173.2 mg/kg). Oil extracted with liquid carbon dioxide showed the greatest amount of t-2-octenal and t-2-heptenal, giving herbaceous and pungent notes. Moreover the presence of aromatic compounds such as limonene, generally absent in olive oils, was only detected in the sample extracted with liquid carbon dioxide.

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Fatigue Life Assessment of Self-Expandable NiTi Stent

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.45 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 627 ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

Cristian Sorin Nes ◽

Angelica Enkelhardt ◽

Lucian Bogdan ◽

Nicolae Faur

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Cylindrical Tube ◽

Life Assessment ◽

Cyclic Loads ◽

Fatigue Life Assessment ◽

A Value ◽

Vessel Stenosis ◽

Fatigue Characteristics

Objectives: This paper presents a numerical fatigue life assessment of a self-expandable Nitinol stent. The analysis was performed using the ANSYS 11 software. Methods: Stent durability is an issue which must be addressed during the design of implants. Given the corrosive properties of blood and the cyclic loads that are applied on the stent (the cyclic variation of blood pressure), the determination of fracture parameters and fatigue characteristics of the implant is highly recommended. Breaking of the stent’s wire is particularly dangerous because it can cause the dislocation of a piece of stenotic plaque, which in turn can block a smaller artery, causing a heart attack. On the other hand, any discontinuity in stent structure acts as an accumulating place for stenosis particles, significantly shortening the life of the implant. The stent consists of a cylindrical tube 22.42 mm long, with a diameter of 8.3 millimeters. The wire section is square, 0.2x0.2 millimeters. The stent is only subjected to the pressure generated by the stenoted arterial wall. This evenly distributed pressure is defined at the outer surface of the stent and has a value of 2.5 MPa, corresponding to a 56% blood vessel stenosis. This way, the most severe loading conditions for the stent could be simulated. The stress distribution was then used to asses the fatigue life of the stent. Results and conclusions: The results showed that, in normal conditions (with the maximal internal pressure of 139 mm Hg = 18533 Pa), no damage appears on the stent after 107 cycles.

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Device Modeling of a-Si:H Alloy Solar Cells: Calibration Procedure for Determination of Model Input Parameters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-507-409 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 507 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Zeman ◽

R.A.C.M.M. Van Swaaij ◽

E. Schroten ◽

L.L.A. Vosteen ◽

J.W. Metselaar

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Material Properties ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Model Input ◽

A Value ◽

Input Parameters ◽

Simulated Material ◽

Good Agreement

ABSTRACTA calibration procedure for determining the model input parameters of standard a-Si:H layers, which comprise a single junction a-Si:H solar cell, is presented. The calibration procedure consists of: i) deposition of the separate layers, ii) measurement of the material properties, iii) fitting the model parameters to match the measured properties, iv) simulation of test devices and comparison with experimental results. The inverse modeling procedure was used to extract values of the most influential model parameters by fitting the simulated material properties to the measured ones. In case of doped layers the extracted values of the characteristic energies of exponentially decaying tail states are much higher than the values reported in literature. Using the extracted values of model parameters a good agreement between the measured and calculated characteristics of a reference solar cell was reached. The presented procedure could not solve directly an important issue concerning a value of the mobility gap in a-Si:H alloys.

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Determination of cannabinoids in oral fluid and urine of “light cannabis” consumers: a pilot study

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2018-0566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Roberta Pacifici ◽

Simona Pichini ◽

Manuela Pellegrini ◽

Roberta Tittarelli ◽

Flaminia Pantano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Negative Results ◽

A Value ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Confirmation Analysis

Abstract Background In those countries where cannabis use is still illegal, some manufacturers started producing and selling “light cannabis”: dried flowering tops containing the psychoactive principle Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at concentrations lower than 0.2% together with variable concentration of cannabidiol (CBD). We here report a pilot study on the determination of cannabinoids in the oral fluid and urine of six individuals after smoking 1 g of “light cannabis”. Methods On site screening for oral fluid samples was performed, as a laboratory immunoassay test for urine samples. A validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was then applied to quantify THC and CBD, independently from results of screening tests. Results On site screening for oral fluid samples, with a THC cut-off of 25 ng/mL gave negative results for all the individuals at different times after smoking. Similarly, negative results for urine samples screening from all the individuals were obtained. Confirmation analyses showed that oral fluid THC was in the concentration range from 2.5 to 21.5 ng/mL in the first 30 min after smoking and then values slowly decreased. CBD values were usually one order of magnitude higher than those of THC. THC-COOH, the principal urinary THC metabolite, presented the maximum urinary value of 1.8 ng/mL, while urinary CBD had a value of 15.1 ng/mL. Conclusions Consumers of a single 1 g dose of “light cannabis” did not result as positive in urine screening, assessing recent consumption, so that confirmation would not be required. Conversely, they might result as positive to oral fluid testing with some on-site kits, with THC cut-off lower than 25 ng/mL, at least in the first hour after smoking and hence confirmation analysis can be then required. No conclusions can be drawn of eventual chronic users.

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TINGKAT KEKUMUHAN DAN PENANGANAN PADA PERMUKIMAN DESA BALE ATU KECAMATAN LUT TAWAR KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH

Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan ◽

10.24815/jarsp.v3i2.16563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 128-137

Author(s):

Arie Julianda ◽

Azmeri Azmeri ◽

Eldina Fatimah

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Public Works ◽

Current Form ◽

A Value ◽

Physical Infrastructure ◽

Trade Center ◽

The Republic ◽

The Village ◽

Slum Settlements

Aceh Tengah District is one of the districts that have slum settlements. Based on the Decree of the Regent of Central Aceh No. 188.55 / 775 / DCKP / 2014, the determination of housing and slums in Central Aceh District includes 23 villages in 6 sub-districts, with a total area of 189.59 Ha. Bale Atu Village, located in Lut Tawar Subdistrict, is one of the very slum hamlets with a value of 4.22 and has a slum area of 0.56 Ha out of a total area of 2.5 Ha. Besides, Bale Atu Village is located in the center of Takengon City and a trade center as a strategic area, which must be immediately addressed so that slum areas do not expand. This study aims to evaluate the current level of a slum in the village of Bale Atu, and identify the current form of slum settlement. This research uses qualitative methods through observation and interviews and quantitative methods through a weighting system. Evaluation of the level of slum and handling is carried out based on the Technical Guidelines (Juknis) of the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (Permen PUPR RI) No. 02 / PRT / M / 2016. Evaluation of the level of slum includes aspects of slum conditions, aspects of land legality, and other aspects of consideration. The form of handling is based on the typology of slums and the physical handling of infrastructure. The results showed that the slum level of the settlements in Bale Atu Village was light slum with a total score of 23, and the slum level of all hamlets was a light slum where the total score of Dusun Barat was 31, Dusun Timur was 33, Dusun Utara was 29, and Dusun Selatan of 21. The form of slum settlement in Bale Atu Village is based on typology by handling hilly typology, and based on physical infrastructure, it is carried out through a restoration pattern. The handling of slum settlements in Bale Atu Village and all its hamlets is included in the 3rd priority scale of handling in Laut Tawar District.

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