Dietary lapses are associated with meaningful elevations in daily caloric intake and added sugar consumption during a lifestyle modification intervention

This study aims to examine children’s fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption relative to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the American Heart Association’s recommendations, as well as to compare children’s reported consumption with parental perception of the child’s overall diet quality. Data were drawn from 2 independent, cross sectional panels (2009–10 and 2014–15) of the New Jersey Child Health Study. The analytical sample included 2229 households located in five New Jersey cities. Daily consumption of fruit (cups), vegetables (cups), and added sugars (teaspoons) for all children (3–18 years old) were based on parent reports. Multivariate linear regression analyses estimated children’s adjusted fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption across parents’ perception categories (Disagree; Somewhat Agree; and Strongly Agree that their child eats healthy). Although only a small proportion of children meet recommendations, the majority of parents strongly agreed that their child ate healthy. Nonetheless, significant differences, in the expected direction, were observed in vegetable and fruit consumption (but not sugar) across parental perceptional categories for most age/sex groups. Dietary interventions tailored to parents should include specific quantity and serving-size information for fruit and vegetable recommendations, based on their child’s age/sex, and highlight sources of added sugar and their sugar content.

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Perspective: Measuring Sweetness in Foods, Beverages, and Diets: Toward Understanding the Role of Sweetness in Health

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa151 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paula R Trumbo ◽

Katherine M Appleton ◽

Kees de Graaf ◽

John E Hayes ◽

David J Baer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caloric Intake ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Health Agencies ◽

Future Direction ◽

Optimal Approach ◽

Support Evidence

ABSTRACT Various global public health agencies recommend minimizing exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages. The underlying rationale is that reducing exposure to the perception of sweet tastes, without regard to the source of sweetness, may reduce preferences for sweetness, added sugar intake, caloric intake, and body weight. However, the veracity of this sequence of outcomes has yet to be documented, as revealed by findings from recent systematic reviews on the topic. Efforts to examine and document the effects of sweetness exposure are needed to support evidence-based recommendations. They require a generally agreed-upon methodology for measuring sweetness in foods, beverages, and the overall diet. Although well-established sensory evaluation techniques exist for individual foods in laboratory settings, they are expensive and time-consuming, and agreement on the optimal approach for measuring the sweetness of the total diet is lacking. If such a measure could be developed, it would permit researchers to combine data from different studies and populations and facilitate the design and conduct of new studies to address unresolved research questions about dietary sweetness. This narrative review includes an overview of available sensory techniques, their strengths and limitations, recent efforts to measure the sweetness of foods and diets across countries and cultures, and a proposed future direction for improving methods for measuring sweetness toward developing the data required to support evidence-based recommendations around dietary sweetness.

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Suppression of food intake by intravenous nutrients and insulin in the baboon

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.2.r393 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 247 (2) ◽

pp. R393-R401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. C. Woods ◽

L. J. Stein ◽

L. D. McKay ◽

D. Porte

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Base Line ◽

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Daily Caloric Intake ◽

Total Base ◽

Regulate Food Intake

Intravenous nutrients were infused at 25 and 50% of total base-line daily caloric intake to determine the role of circulating factors on spontaneous food ingestion in young adult male baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Glucose infusion suppressed food intake (15.1%) when 25% of total calories was infused (P less than 0.05) and 41.8% when 50% of total calories was infused (P less than 0.05) for 14-21 days. Both infusions produced basal hyperglycemia (82-172 mg/dl during 25% glucose and 120-239 mg/dl during 50% glucose). Both infusions also caused an increase in circulating insulin (48.1-63.1 microU/ml during 25% glucose and 68.5-77.2 microU/ml during 50% glucose). The simultaneous infusion of exogenous insulin (0.33 mU X kg-1 X min-1) prevented hyperglycemia (85.8-87.9 mg/dl during 25% glucose) but maintained raised basal peripheral insulin levels (52.4-84.4 microU/ml). The 13% suppression of food intake (P less than 0.05) was similar to glucose infusion alone. Comparable infusions of Intralipid as 25 and 50% of total daily calories also suppressed spontaneous food intake but did not produce hyperglycemia or elevated insulin levels. The magnitude of suppression was similar to that of glucose: 16% when 25% of basal calories was infused (P less than 0.05) and 31.3% when 50% of basal calories was infused (P less than 0.05). However, the pattern was different with a more rapid effect, which tended to diminish in time, rather than the slow effect found with glucose, which was maintained for 14 days. We conclude that circulating nutrients can regulate food intake independent of gastrointestinal absorption in primates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Identification of Education Models to Improve Health Outcomes in Arab Women with Pre-Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rasha Al-Hamdan ◽

Amanda Avery ◽

Andrew Salter ◽

Dara Al-Disi ◽

Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Activity Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Modification Intervention ◽

Group Comparisons

Few evaluations of interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia (SA) have been undertaken. The present study evaluates the impact of a 6-month intensive lifestyle modification intervention delivered in primary care. Females from SA with prediabetes, aged 18–55 years, were recruited with 190 participants eligible following screening and randomly allocated to receive a 3-month one-on-one, intensive lifestyle modification (intervention group (IG) n = 95) or standard guidance (control group (CG) n = 95). Participants completed questionnaires including demographic, dietary and physical activity data. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months. A total of 123 (74 IG (age 40.6 ± 9.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 31.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2) and 49 CG (age 40.6 ± 12.7 years; BMI 32.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2)) participants completed the study. After 6 months, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; primary endpoint) significantly improved in the IG than CG completers in between-group comparisons (p < 0.001). Comparison between groups showed significant improvements in overall energy intake, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in favour of IG (p-values < 0.001, 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). BMI and weight change were not clinically significant in between group comparisons. A 6-month, intense one-on-one intervention in lifestyle modification significantly improves glycaemic and cardio metabolic profile of females living in SA with pre-diabetes delivered in a primary care setting. Longer duration studies, using the same intervention, may determine whether a meaningful weight loss secondary to improved diet can be achieved.

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Long-term effects of an integrative medicine and lifestyle modification intervention in patients with coronary artery disease on cardiovascular risk factors, need of medication and coronary calcium

European Journal of Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.eujim.2008.08.044 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 23-24

Author(s):

A. Michalsen ◽

N. Lehmann ◽

A. Paul ◽

T. Budde ◽

S. Moebus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Modification Intervention

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Intermittent intraperitoneal infusion of peptide YY(3-36) reduces daily food intake and adiposity in obese rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00164.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (1) ◽

pp. R39-R46 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽

Alvin C. Haver ◽

Roger D. Reidelberger

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Daily Food Intake ◽

Daily Caloric Intake ◽

Intraperitoneal Infusion ◽

Daily Food ◽

Sustained Reduction ◽

Obese Rats

Peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] is a gut-brain peptide that decreases food intake when administered by intravenous infusion to lean and obese humans and rats. However, chronic administration of PYY(3-36) by osmotic minipump to lean and obese rodents produces only a transient reduction in daily food intake and weight gain. It has recently been shown that 1-h intravenous infusions of PYY(3-36) every other hour for 10 days produced a sustained reduction in daily food intake, body weight, and adiposity in lean rats. Here, we determined whether intermittent delivery of PYY(3-36) can produce a similar response in diet-induced obese rats. During a 21-day period, obese rats (body fat >25%) received twice daily intraperitoneal infusion of vehicle ( n = 18) or PYY(3-36) ( n = 24) during hours 1–3 and 7–9 of the dark period. Rats had free access to both a 45% fat solid diet and a 29% fat liquid diet; intakes were determined from continuous computer recording of changes in food container weights. To sustain a 15–25% reduction in daily caloric intake, the initial PYY(3-36) dose of 30 pmol·kg−1·min−1 was reduced to 10 pmol·kg−1·min−1 on day 10 and then increased to 17 pmol·kg−1·min−1 on day 13. This dosing strategy produced a sustained reduction in daily caloric intake of 11–32% and prevented body weight gain (8 ± 6 vs. 51 ± 11 g) and fat deposition (4.4 ± 7.6 vs. 41.0 ± 12.8 g). These results indicate that intermittent intraperitoneal infusion of PYY(3-36) can produce a sustained reduction in food intake and adiposity in diet-induced obese rodents consuming palatable high-fat foods.

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