scholarly journals Dimensions of Normal Personality as Networks in Search of Equilibrium: You Can't like Parties if you Don't like People

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique O. J. Cramer ◽  
Sophie Van Der Sluis ◽  
Arjen Noordhof ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Nicole Geschwind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Connectivity Structure ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Latent Dimension ◽  
Underlying Dimension ◽  
Do So

In one currently dominant view on personality, personality dimensions (e.g. extraversion) are causes of human behaviour, and personality inventory items (e.g. ‘I like to go to parties’ and ‘I like people’) are measurements of these dimensions. In this view, responses to extraversion items correlate because they measure the same latent dimension. In this paper, we challenge this way of thinking and offer an alternative perspective on personality as a system of connected affective, cognitive and behavioural components. We hypothesize that these components do not hang together because they measure the same underlying dimension; they do so because they depend on one another directly for causal, homeostatic or logical reasons (e.g. if one does not like people and it is harder to enjoy parties). From this ‘network perspective’, personality dimensions emerge out of the connectivity structure that exists between the various components of personality. After outlining the network theory, we illustrate how it applies to personality research in four domains: (i) the overall organization of personality components; (ii) the distinction between state and trait; (iii) the genetic architecture of personality; and (iv) the relation between personality and psychopathology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

Uncertainties Revisited

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-237
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Huybrechts ◽  
Katrien Dreessen ◽  
Selina Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
Uncertainty Models ◽  
Do So

In this chapter, the authors use actor-network theory (ANT) to explore the relations between uncertainties in co-design processes and the quality of participation. To do so, the authors investigate Latour's discussion uncertainties in relation to social processes: the nature of actors, actions, objects, facts/matters of concern, and the study of the social. To engage with the discussion on uncertainties in co-design and, more specific in infrastructuring, this chapter clusters the diversity of articulations of the role and place of uncertainty in co-design into four uncertainty models: (1) the neoliberal, (2) the management, (3) the disruptive, and (4) the open uncertainty model. To deepen the reflections on the latter, the authors evaluate the relations between the role and place of uncertainty in two infrastructuring processes in the domain of healthcare and the quality of these processes. In the final reflections, the authors elaborate on how ANT supported in developing a “lens” to assess how uncertainties hinder or contribute to the quality of participation.

Personality Pattern of Depression and its Relation to Acquiescence

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Personality Pattern

The Personality Research Form (PRF) was administered to 35 hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of severe depression. In comparison with a control group, the patients were significantly higher in Abasement, Harmavoidance, and Succorance but significantly lower in Achievement, Dominance, Endurance, Exhibition, Sentience, Understanding, and Desirability. When the groups were compared by using scores on the true-keyed subscales, 5 dimensions showed significant differences which did not occur on the false-keyed subscales of the same dimensions. There were significant differences for 8 other personality dimensions on the false-keyed subscales which were not found on the true-keyed subscales. It was hypothesized that depressed patients exhibit an acquiescence response set which is specifically related to and dependent upon the content of the personality dimension tested.

Using Basic Personality Research to Inform Personality Pathology

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Life Course

Personality pathology—which is characterized by a pervasive, maladaptive, and inflexible pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors—has long been defined as a set of categories that are distinct from each other a “normal” personality. Research over the past three decades has challenged that assumed separation and instead suggested that abnormal personality is merely a maladaptive extension of the same features that describe the personality of all humans. This volume surveys cutting-edge research on the science of basic personality and demonstrates the application of these ideas and methods to conceptualizing pathology. It first provides a historical overview as well as the present state of the personality disorder literature. Ensuing chapters then highlight critical issues in the assessment and conceptualization of personality, its development across the life course, and biological underpinnings. In this way the chapters are inherently useful as a primer of the present knowledge concerning the basic science of personality from specific genes to complex social interactions. Furthermore, each chapter aims toward not only elucidating current understandings of personality but demonstrating its direct application to clinical diagnosis and conceptualization.

Institutionalisation of the Enterprise Architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiko Iyamu
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Business Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Experience Difficulty ◽  
Do So

Despite impressive technical advances in tools and methodologies and the organizational insights provided by many years of academic and business research, the underperformance of Information Technology (IT) remains. In the past and even today, organizations experience difficulty in managing technology, changing from system to system, implementing new technology, maintaining compatibility with existing technologies, and changing from one business process to another. These challenges impact significantly on business performance and will continue to do so if not addressed. As a result, many organizations have deployed Enterprise Architecture (EA) in an attempt to address these challenges. However, the design and development of EA has proven to be easier than its institutionalization. The study explored the development and implementation of EA to determine the factors, which influences the institutionalization. Two case studies were conducted and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was employed in the analysis of the data.

Personality and Non-Medical Use of Drugs

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cannie Stark-Adamec ◽  
R. O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Medical Drug

A plethora of studies have indicated marihuana users differ from nonusers on a variety of personality dimensions. The direction of these differences and their interpretation vary from report to report depending on the samples, the measures, and the orientation of both authors and readers. The present study examined the relationships between extent of non-medical use of drugs and Personality Research Form (Jackson, 1974) scores of 24 males. Little evidence was found that would justify the acceptance of either a positive or a negative stereotype of a person who participates in non-medical drug use.

scholarly journals A network-based approach for discourse analysis from Laclau and Mouffe’s perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Javad Haditaghi ◽  
Jaleh Hassasskhah ◽  
Mohammad Amin Sorahi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Weighted Degree ◽  
System A ◽  
Theory Of Discourse ◽  
Automatic Algorithm ◽  
Do So

<p>The current study provides the possibility of merging Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse analysis with network theory to specify an alternative bedstead for studying discourse via a semi-automatic algorithm. To do so, first, considering the text as the discourse of complex system, a semi-automatic algorithm is implemented to transform the interacting linguistic components into a network which is depicted as a graph of vertices connected by edges. Then, some of the graph statistics, e.g. degree, weighted degree, eigenvector centrality, etc., are identified for characterizing the nodes as moments, nodal points, and/or nodal point of identity. Finally, the articulation of the discourse based on the above-mentioned components is studied. The results indicate that the approach is strong enough to pave a way for studying the articulation of the discourse from an alternative view, especially based on Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse analysis.</p>

Why It Is Difficult to Disengage From Facebook

2018 ◽  
pp. 7190-7199
Author(s):  
Sonda Bouattour Fakhfakh
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Do So

The huge popularity of social network sites like Facebook gave rise to numerous studies exploring the prerequisites and consequences of FB use. This article does not deviate from this direction. It offers a theoretic attempt to analyze the reasons of attachment to FB but through another perspective: the disengagement phenomenon. The theoretical framework is based on the Attachment Theory and the Actor Network Theory. Assuming that FB allows the satisfaction of the innate attachment need and that there is a social and technical interaction between users and the FB structure, the present analysis investigates the relations between user attachment style and FB use and between FB user and the FB platform (hardware and software). The aim here is not to reject (or not) some formulated hypothesis, but to develop a theoretical frame from the existing theories. The argument is that human/human and human/non-human attachment could explain why users find it very difficult to disengage even though they are willing to do so and suffering from being invaded by FB.

Creatively Engaging the Political

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caron E. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
The People ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Do So

This chapter establishes feminist Christian realism in IR as focused upon addressing power structures and articulating a rigorous creative response to anxiety. A creative response to injustice recognizes not just the ability of love to operate in political contexts but the absolute need for it to do so. Creativity has been reduced to an egotistical proposition, glorifying human ingenuity and genius. It tends to focus on the people who are well recognized and therefore set apart from the rest of population for their contributions to society: whether this is written or spoken word, music, visual arts, or inventions. There is an alternative perspective on creativity, one that is not located within human ingenuity per se but rather on relationships, community, and agape—one that is cognizant of mutual vulnerability.

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