Pulmonary function of healthy Korean children from 3 independent birth cohorts: validation of the Global Lung function Initiative (GLI) 2012 equation

IntroductionAnderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations of GLA gene leading to reduced α-galactosidase activity and resulting in a progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and its deacylated derivative, globotriaosyl-sphingosine (Lyso-Gb3). Plasma Lyso-Gb3 levels serve as a disease severity and treatment monitoring marker during enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).MethodsAdult patients with AFD who had yearly pulmonary function tests between 1999 and 2015 were eligible for this observational study. Primary outcome measures were the change in z-score of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC over time. Plasma Lyso-Gb3 levels and the age of ERT initiation were investigated for their association with lung function decline.ResultsFifty-three patients (42% male, median (range) age at diagnosis of AFD 34 (6–61) years in men, 34 (13–67) in women) were included. The greatest decrease of FEV1/FVC z-scores was observed in Classic men (−0.048 per year, 95% CI −0.081 to –0.014), compared with the Later-Onset men (+0.013,95% CI −0.055 to 0.082), Classic women (−0.008, 95% CI −0.035 to +0.020) and Later-Onset women (−0.013, 95% CI −0.084 to +0.058). Cigarette smoking (P=0.022) and late ERT initiation (P=0.041) were independently associated with faster FEV1 decline. FEV1/FVC z-score decrease was significantly reduced after initiation of ERT initiation (−0.045 compared with −0.015, P=0.014). Furthermore, there was a trend towards a relevant influence of Lyso-Gb3 (P=0.098) on airflow limitation with age.ConclusionEarly ERT initiation seems to preserve pulmonary function. Plasma Lyso-Gb3 is maybe a useful predictor for airflow limitation. Classic men need a closer monitoring of the lung function.

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Long-term clinical course and outcomes of immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-020-01542-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jieun Kang ◽

Shinhee Park ◽

Eun Jin Chae ◽

Joon Seon Song ◽

Hee Sang Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Partial Response ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Response Rate ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Complete Response ◽

Immunoglobulin G4

Abstract Background Immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) is the pulmonary manifestation of a systemic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with an abundance of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Long-term clinical course and outcomes of IgG4-RLD remain unclear. We aimed to identify clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and longitudinal pulmonary function changes in patients with IgG4-RLD according to the radiologic classification. Methods Chest computed tomography findings of 37 subjects were classified into five subtypes: solid nodular, bronchovascular, alveolar interstitial, round ground glass opacity, and alveolar consolidative. Radiologic treatment outcomes and longitudinal pulmonary function changes were compared among the different radiologic subtypes. Results The mean age of the subjects was 55.6 years, and 78.4% were male. Among the five radiologic subtypes, alveolar consolidative and solid nodular type were most common, accounting for approximately 29.7% each of the total cases. Prednisone with or without azathioprine was administered to 31 patients (median treatment duration 14 months). In the treated patients, serial images showed complete response or partial response in 77.4%. However, relapse was documented in 25.0% of those who showed complete or partial response. In patients whose longitudinal lung function data were available (n = 20), the lung function was found to be stable during follow-up. Alveolar consolidative type showed the highest complete response rate, whereas alveolar interstitial type showed the lowest response rate, either complete or partial. Conclusions Most patients showed a favorable outcome with regards to radiologic improvement and maintenance of pulmonary function; however, the response differed according to the radiologic subtype.

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Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118824616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211882461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽

Teshome Gensa Geta

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Mean Values ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: This study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume among khat chewers as compared to non-chewers. There was no significant difference in the mean values of other lung function parameters between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p = 0.642) in mean oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) across the two groups. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that long-term khat consumption is associated with decreased mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume. Hence, there is a need for further study to strengthen the current findings and to explore the mechanisms of khat chewing effect on lung function parameters.

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Computed tomography-derived area and density of pectoralis muscle associated disease severity and longitudinal changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-019-1191-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

So Hyeon Bak ◽

Sung Ok Kwon ◽

Seon-Sook Han ◽

Woo Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pectoralis Muscle ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Longitudinal Changes

Abstract Background Muscle wasting is associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles on computed tomography (CT) could serve as a method to evaluate body composition. The present study aimed to determine the ability of CT-derived pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and pectoralis muscle density (PMD) to determine the severity of COPD and change in longitudinal pulmonary function in patients with COPD. Methods A total of 293 participants were enrolled in this study, a whom 222 had undergone at least two spirometry measurements within 3 years after baseline data acquisition. PMA and PMD were measured from a single axial slice of chest CT above the aortic arch at baseline. The emphysema index and bronchial wall thickness were quantitatively assessed in all scans. The generalized linear model was used to determine the correlation between PMA and PMD measurements and pulmonary function. Results PMA and PMD were significantly associated with baseline lung function and the severity of emphysema (P < 0.05). Patients with the lowest PMA and PMD exhibited significantly more severe airflow obstruction (β = − 0.06; 95% confidence interval: − 0.09 to − 0.03]. PMA was statistically associated with COPD assessment test (CAT) score (P = 0.033). However, PMD did not exhibit statistically significant correlation with either CAT scores or modified Medical Research Council scores (P > 0.05). Furthermore, neither PMA nor PMD were associated with changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s over a 3-year periods. Conclusions CT-derived features of the pectoralis muscle may be helpful in predicting disease severity in patients with COPD, but are not necessarily associated with longitudinal changes in lung function.

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Einfluss der Körperposition auf die Lungenfunktion: eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Karger Kompass Pneumologie ◽

10.1159/000499746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 125-139

Author(s):

Shikma Katz ◽

Nissim Arish ◽

Ariel Rokach ◽

Yacov Zaltzmann ◽

Esther-Lee Marcus

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Body Position ◽

Pulmonary Function Testing ◽

Lung Mechanics ◽

Systematische Übersichtsarbeit ◽

Position Change ◽

Gesunde Probanden ◽

Funktionelle Residualkapazität ◽

Function Testing

Hintergrund: Die Lungenfunktionsprüfung (LFP) wird wegen der Anordnung der Messgeräte und des Patientenkomforts routinemäßig in aufrechter Position durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wurde der Einfluss der Körperposition auf die Lungenfunktion bei gesunden Probanden und speziellen Patientengruppen untersucht. Methoden: Zur Identifizierung englischsprachiger Publikationen, die zwischen Januar 1998 und Dezember 2017 veröffentlicht wurden, erfolgte eine Suche in MEDLINE und Google Scholar anhand der Suchbegriffe body position, lung function, lung mechanics, lung volume, position change, positioning, posture, pulmonary function testing, sitting, standing, supine, ventilation, and ventilatory change. Bei den eingeschlossenen Studien handelte es sich um quasi-experimentelle Prä-post-Interventionen, in denen mindestens 2 Positionen, einschließlich Sitzen oder Stehen, untersucht wurden und die die Lungenfunktion bei nicht mechanisch beatmeten Probanden ≥ 18 Jahre bewerteten. Primäre Zielkriterien waren das forcierte exspiratorische Volumen in 1 Sekunde (FEV1), die forcierte Vitalkapazität (FVC, FEV1/FVC), die Vitalkapazität (VC), die funktionelle Residualkapazität (FRC), der maximale exspiratorische Druck (PEmax), der maximale inspiratorische Druck (PImax), der exspiratorische Spitzenfluss (PEF), die totale Lungenkapazität (TLC), das Residualvolumen (RV) und die Kohlenmonoxid-Diffusionskapazität der Lunge (DLCO). Folgende Positionen wurden untersucht: stehend, sitzend, Rückenlage sowie Rechts- und Linksseitenlage. Ergebnisse: 43 Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Die Studienpopulationen umfassten gesunde Probanden (29 Studien), Patienten mit Lungenerkrankungen (9), Herzkrankheiten (4), Rückenmarksverletzungen (SCI) (7), neuromuskulären Erkrankungen (3) und Adipositas (4). In den meisten Studien mit gesunden Probanden oder Patienten mit Lungen-, Herz- oder neuromuskulären Erkrankungen oder Adipositas fielen die Werte für FEV1, FVC, FRC, PEmax, PImax und/oder PEF in den aufrechteren Positionen höher aus. Bei Patienten mit SCI-bedingter Tetraplegie waren die Werte für FVC und FEV1 in Rückenlage höher als im Sitzen. Gesunde Probanden wiesen in Rückenlage eine höhere DLCO auf als im Sitzen und im Sitzen höhere Werte als in Seitenlage. Bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz fiel der Einfluss der Körperposition auf die DLCO unterschiedlich aus. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Körperposition hat Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse der LFP, doch bestehen Unterschiede hinsichtlich optimaler Position und Ausmaß des Benefits zwischen den Studienpopulationen. Die LFP erfolgt routinemäßig in sitzender Position. Wir empfehlen, bei Patienten mit Rückenmarksverletzung und neuromuskulären Erkrankungen neben der sitzenden Position auch die Rückenlage für die LFP in Betracht zu ziehen. Bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit Herz- oder Lungenerkrankungen, SCI, neuromuskulären Erkrankungen oder Adipositas ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Physiologie und Funktion der Lunge von der Körperposition beeinflusst werden.

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Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

European Respiratory Review ◽

10.1183/16000617.0097-2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (143) ◽

pp. 160097 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kay Tetzlaff ◽

Paul S. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Small Airways ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stress Changes ◽

The Impact

The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

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Patterns of brain structural alteration in COPD with different levels of pulmonary function impairment and its association with cognitive deficits

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-019-0955-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Minmin Yin ◽

Haibao Wang ◽

Xianwei Hu ◽

Xiaoshu Li ◽

Guanghe Fei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Structural Alteration ◽

Functional Impairments ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Different Levels

Abstract Background To explore patterns of brain structural alteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different levels of lung function impairment and the associations of those patterns with cognitive functional deficits using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses based on high-resolution structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods A total of 115 right-handed participants (26 severe, 29 moderate, and 29 mild COPD patients and a comparison group of 31 individuals without COPD) completed tests of cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]) and underwent MRI scanning. VBM and TBSS analyses were used to identify changes in grey matter density (GMD) and white matter (WM) integrity in COPD patients. In addition, correlation analyses between these imaging parameter changes and cognitive and pulmonary functional impairments were performed. Results There was no significant difference in brain structure between the comparison groups and the mild COPD patients. Patients with moderate COPD had atrophy of the left middle frontal gyrus and right opercular part/triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and WM changes were present mainly in the superior and posterior corona radiata, corpus callosum and cingulum. Patients with severe COPD exhibited the most extensive changes in GMD and WM. Some grey matter (GM) and WM changes were correlated with MoCA scores and FEV1. Conclusions These findings suggest that patients with COPD exhibit progressive structural impairments in both the GM and the WM, along with impaired levels of lung function, highlighting the importance of early clinical interventions.

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Pulmonary function changes in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96766-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maysa Alves Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel ◽

Renilson Moraes-Ferreira ◽

Manoel Carneiro Oliveira-Junior ◽

Alana Santos-Dias ◽

André Luis Lacerda Bachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Adult Population ◽

Lung Mechanics ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunological Responses ◽

Breath Condensate

AbstractThe low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) triggers functional and structural alterations in several organs. Whereas lung function impairment is well reported for older adult population, the effect of MS on functional and immunological responses in the lungs remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study we determined whether MS alters pulmonary function, and immunological responses in older adults with MS. The study sample consisted of older adults with MS (68 ± 3 years old; n = 77) and without MS (67 ± 3 years old; n = 77). Impulse oscillometry was used to evaluate airway and tissue resistance, and reactance. Biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis were assessed in the blood and in breath condensate. The total resistance of the respiratory system (R5Hz; p < 0.009), and the resistance of the proximal (R20Hz; p < 0.001) and distal (R5Hz–R20Hz; p < 0.004) airways were higher in MS individuals compared to those without MS. Pro-inflammatory (leptin, IL-1beta, IL-8, p < 0.001; TNF-alpha, p < 0.04) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin, IL-1ra, IL-10, p < 0.001), anti-fibrotic (relaxin 1, relaxin 3, Klotho, p < 0.001) and pro-fibrotic (VEGF, p < 0.001) factors were increased in sera and in breath condensate individuals with MS. The results show that MS adversely affect lung mechanics, function, and immunological response in older adults. The data offer a metabolic basis for the inflammaging of the lungs and suggest the lungs as a potential therapeutic target for controlling the immune response and delaying the onset of impaired lung function in older adults with MS.

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