A Model for Predicting the Melt Temperature in the Ladle and in the Tundish as a Function of Operating Parameters during Continuous Casting

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toivo Jormalainen ◽  
Seppo Louhenkilpi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Melt Temperature

The Technology Study of Steel Belt Feeding Machine of Crystallizer of Continuous Casting

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Lin Hui Yu ◽  
Ming Gang Shen ◽  
Ji Dong Li ◽  
Yi Yong Wang ◽  
Jian Ming Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Casting Speed ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Casting Section ◽  
Composition Segregation ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Feeding Technology

Crystallizer steel belt feeding technology make use of melt’s fusion decalescence, controlling the distribution of melt temperature field, restrain the columnar crystal’s growing to eliminate the composition segregation and internal loose of continuous casting. And it will improve the continuous casting’s quality. By discussing the effect of casting speed, the size of steel, casting section and other factors on the steel belt feeding speed, making comparison of different casting section get strip suitable feeding speed and range of strip size, combining with a steel for steel strip feeding test mold, its theoretical and practical production results the basic agreement

Effects of operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting molds with narrow widths

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Gang-jun Xu ◽  
Hong-jun Liu ◽  
Jun-jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Slab Continuous Casting

Defect Formation Mechanism and Influence of Processing Parameters on Surface Quality of Copper Clad Steel Composite Wires Prepared by Core-Cladding Continuous Casting

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Wei Yu Wu ◽  
Xue Feng Liu ◽  
Feng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Clad Steel ◽  
Composite Wires

Copper clad steel (CCS) composite wires with the carbon steel core diameter of 8 mm and copper cladding thickness of 1 mm were prepared by core-cladding continuous casting method under argon protection. The effects of melt temperature, molten metal height and drawing velocity on the surface quality were investigated. The formation mechanisms of the surface defects were discussed. The results showed that CCS wires with good surface quality could be continuously fabricated at a melt temperature of 1120 to 1200°C, a molten metal height of 2 to 4 cm and a drawing velocity of 10 to 30 mm/min. Raising the melt temperature, increasing the molten metal height or decreasing the drawing velocity is in favor of improvements in the surface quality. Insufficient supplement of liquid copper during solidification shrinkage resulted in surface dimple. Transverse hot cracking and exposed steel defect appeared because the frictional force between cladding metal and mold was larger than the tensile strength of cladding metal under high temperature.

Effect of Melt Depth and Nozzle Type on the Mixing Behavior in Bottom-Blown Steelmaking Ladle – A Water Model Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 494-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Cho ◽  
Chang Won Kim ◽  
Jeong Whan Han ◽  
Byung Don You ◽  
Dong Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Porous Plug ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Mixing Behavior ◽  
Nozzle Type

It is generally well known that a steelmaking ladle operation plays an important role in the production of clean steel. A turbulent mixing of melt with Ar gas bubbling from the ladle bottom can homogenize a melt temperature and can control precisely chemical compositions of steel. In order to figure out these phenomena, a quantitative analysis of fluid flow behavior of gas and melt during a ladle operation is required and special concerns should be focused on effects of operating parameters on the perfect mixing time of melt. In this study, as a basic approach, effects of operating parameters such as a melt depth (aspect ratio) and a nozzle type (one-hole or porous plug) on the mixing behavior in ladle operation are investigated. Water model experiments are carried out to simulate these melt behaviors in steelmaking ladle. As a result, it was found that there exist an optimized melt depth and a nozzle type at a given gas flow rate, which affect significantly on the mixing behavior of melt.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

Dynamic studies of silicide-mediated crystallization of amorphous silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1352-1353
Author(s):  
C. Hayzelden ◽  
J. L. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Single Crystal Substrate ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystal Substrate ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Epitaxial reordering of amorphous Si(a-Si) on an underlying single-crystal substrate occurs well below the melt temperature by the process of solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG). Growth of crystalline Si(c-Si) is known to be enhanced by the presence of small amounts of a metallic phase, presumably due to an interaction of the free electrons of the metal with the covalent Si bonds near the growing interface. Ion implantation of Ni was shown to lower the crystallization temperature of an a-Si thin film by approximately 200°C. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), precipitates of NiSi2 formed within the a-Si film during annealing, were observed to migrate, leaving a trail of epitaxial c-Si. High resolution TEM revealed an epitaxial NiSi2/Si(l11) interface which was Type A. We discuss here the enhanced nucleation of c-Si and subsequent silicide-mediated SPEG of Ni-implanted a-Si.Thin films of a-Si, 950 Å thick, were deposited onto Si(100) wafers capped with 1000Å of a-SiO2. Ion implantation produced sharply peaked Ni concentrations of 4×l020 and 2×l021 ions cm−3, in the center of the films.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

Ultra low aluminium DWI grade development of an atypical continuous casting powder with high viscosity

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
C. Damerval ◽  
H. Tavernier ◽  
L. Avedian ◽  
P. Disant ◽  
P. Delfosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
High Viscosity

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

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