Genetic and phenotypic characterization of rice grain quality traits to define research strategies for improving rice milling, appearance, and cooking qualities in Latin America and the Caribbean

During the last decade, the Caribbean Hispanic islands experienced accelerated demographic aging, representing the fastest aging region within Latin America. Age-related non-communicable diseases, including dementia, are now reported at high prevalence. The Caribbean islands share similar genetic ancestry, culture, migration patterns, and risk profiles, providing a unique setting to understand dementia in the Caribbean-Hispanics. This perspective article aimed to describe the impact of dementia in the Caribbean, at a local and regional level and reflect on research strategies to address dementia. We report on 10/66 project findings, described research projects and regional plans for the region. According to our results, the prevalence of dementia in the Caribbean is the highest in Latin America, with 11.7% in Dominican Republic, 11.6% in Puerto Rico, and 10.8% in Cuba. Preliminary data from new waves of the 10/66 study shows increasing numbers of dementia cases. Furthermore, dementia is expected to be one of the most serious medical and social issues confronted by Caribbean health systems. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge, awareness, and health services to deal with this public health crisis. In light of the new evidence, local and regional strategies are underway to better understand dementia trends for the region and develop policies aimed to decrease the impact of dementia. Implementation of our national plans is critical to deal with an aging population with high dementia rates. Current recommendations include emphasizing public health prevention campaigns to address modifiable risk factors and expand support to caregiver and family interventions.

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Genetic Mapping and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for the Grain Appearance and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2019/3160275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leila Bazrkar-Khatibani ◽

Barat-Ali Fakheri ◽

Maryam Hosseini-Chaleshtori ◽

Anumalla Mahender ◽

Nafiseh Mahdinejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Additive Effect ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Genetic Components

Rice grain shape and nutritional quality traits have high economic value for commercial production of rice and largely determine the market price, besides influencing the global food demand for high-quality rice. In order to understand the genetic components of grain appearance traits in paddy, brown, and head rice, 15 traits were evaluated by using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two Iranian rice cultivars Ali-Kazemi (A) and Kadous (K). A significant variation was observed and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Correlations between the visual appearances of grain traits were studied. A linkage map with 65 polymorphic SSR markers was constructed, which covered 1517.32 cM of the rice genome. A total of seven QTLs were identified on four chromosomes, 1, 6, 9, and 12, associated with four traits, which are explained by the total phenotypic variation of 44.27% and LOD score of 32.77 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Among these, four QTLs for two traits were consistently flanked by RM23904 and RM24432 on chromosome 9. Single QTL for head grain length (HGL) expressed in both the years on chromosomes 1 and 9. A major QTL for seed weight was detected on chromosome 9, which explained 10.18% of the phenotypic variation. The additive effect of all the QTLs was positively contributed by Ali-Kazemi allele, except one QTL on chromosome 6 (qBGL_6) that showed a negative additive effect being contributed by the Kadous allele. The study also validated the identified QTLs with the polymorphic SSR markers that were previously reported. Novel QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6 and 9, and many of the polymorphic markers were found to be associated with milling processing of grain quality, cooking, and nutraceutical properties of rice by extensive literature and database analysis. Therefore, these validated QTLs and marker information could be utilized in the marker-assisted selection to improve grain appearance and nutritional grain quality traits in rice.

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The Nutritional Components of Rice are Closely Related to Grain Quality Traits in Rice

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Bo Peng ◽

Ke-Xin Jin ◽

Dian-Ya Luo ◽

Xia-Yu Tian ◽

Yan-Fang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Rice Quality ◽

New Varieties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Relationship

Starch, protein and lipid are the most important nutrients in rice, and their composition and content in rice grains play a decisive role in the grain quality. Rice quality (including appearance quality, cooking quality, nutrition quality, grinding and processing quality, etc.) is not only affected by the composition of the nutrients in grain of rice, but also by the physical and chemical characteristics and their content in grains, but also vulnerable to external environmental conditions. To clarify the relationship between the main nutrients in rice and their grain quality traits is of great theoretical significance and potential application value for the continuous improvement of rice quality in the future. Therefore, this paper reviewed the effects of starch, protein, lipid and mineral elements in grain of rice and also on quality of trait in rice. It is also discussed the relationship between these nutrients and rice grain quality traits. All of those will provide important information for the quality of grain improvement and breeding of new varieties with high quality in rice.

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Effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on rice-grain quality

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fengxian Zhen ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Haoyu Wang ◽

Junjie Zhou ◽

Bing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Protein Content ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Short Term ◽

Booting Stage ◽

Severe Heat Stress

Extreme heat-stress events are becoming more frequent under anticipated global warming, which is having devastating effect on grain yield, as well as quality, of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The effects of heat stress at booting stage on grain quality of two japonica varieties, Nanjing41 and Wuyunjing24, were investigated in phytotrons during 2014 and 2015. Rice plants were subjected to four mean temperature regimes 27°C, 31°C, 35°C and 39°C of 2, 4 and 6 days’ duration. The results showed that high temperatures of 35°C and 39°C for 4 and 6 days significantly reduced panicle size, seed-setting rate, grain size, chalky grain rate, milling characteristics and amylose content, but increased protein content. Severe heat stress decreased values of peak viscosity and breakdown, and increased pasting temperature. An increase in heat degree-days decreased the percentage of chalky grains exponentially, and decreased amylose content and increased protein content linearly. Sensitivity of grain quality to heat stress in the two varieties differed among quality traits and with heat stress intensity. This study indicates that rice-grain quality had some resistance to mild heat stress, but it could not withstand severe heat stress at booting. Short-term heat stress at booting stage deteriorates most grain-quality traits, posing a potential risk to rice quality. The impacts on grain quality could be well quantified by the combined effects of the intensity and duration of heat stress at booting stage.

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Correlation between rice grain quality traits on the example of Ukrainian varieties grown under conditions of Krasnodar Territory

Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University ◽

10.21515/1999-1703-85-295-299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (85) ◽

pp. 295-299

Author(s):

Svetlana Chizhikova ◽

◽

Knarik Olkhovaya ◽

Oksana Maskalenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits

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Quality of Rice Grain is Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidant Application

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 57-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.S. Gharieb ◽

T.F. Metwally ◽

S.H. Abou-Khadrah ◽

A.A. Glela ◽

A. El Sabagh

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Rice Quality ◽

The Cost ◽

Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Abstract The present research was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as well as antioxidant on rice quality. The experiment was designed in split-split plots with four replications, where main plots were assigned to nitrogen (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha−1) and sub plots were allocated to compost (0, 3.5 and 7 tons ha−1), while the sub-sub plots were assigned to ascobien (control, spraying with ascobien in two times at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), spraying with ascobien three times at 15, 30 and 45 DAT). The result indicated that grain quality traits were significantly influenced by the organic and inorganic fertilizers, and ascobien. The percentage of hulling, milling and amylose were positively and significantly influenced by nitrogen, organic and antioxidants application. Most of studied characters produced the highest values with the organic fertilize were combined with nitrogen and antioxidants. Application of 110 kg N ha−1, 7 t ha−1 compost and two or three spraying of ascobien, 110 kg N ha−1 or 3.5 t ha−1 compost and three times spraying and 55 kg N ha−1, 7 t ha−1 compost and two times spraying could be recommended for optimum grain quality of Sakha106 rice variety. It can be concluded that compost along with the foliar application of ascobien can be saved from 50 to110 kg N ha−1, without reducing grain quality. It can be the key to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease the cost of production with keeping healthy soil.

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Coffee and Rural Proletarianization: A Comment on Bergad

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x00004077 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 143-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tom Brass

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Latin America ◽

India, Latin America, and the Caribbean during the Cold War

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional ◽

10.1590/s0034-73292013000200002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 23-44

Author(s):

Cesar Ross

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Cold War ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Explanatory Factors ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Cold War ◽

The Relationship ◽

Academic Debate

In this period, the key to the relationship between India and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) was based in the political nature of this liaison: it was a "uni-multilateral" relationship, centered in India, where LAC countries operated as a group of autonomous entities (an "island chain" structure), and not as a unit of a supranational character with unified international conduct (an island structure). As we will see, faced with uniform and consistent Indian policies, LAC had national policies which make it impossible to discuss a regional policy towards India. The goal of this work is to form a general characterization of the bilateral policies during the period of the Cold War with the intent of identifying the key explanatory factors of the process. While this may be a limited objective, it addresses the non-existence of an academic debate surrounding the topic. We intend to contribute an analysis which in this phase is primarily descriptive.

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