The Nutritional Components of Rice are Closely Related to Grain Quality Traits in Rice

Starch, protein and lipid are the most important nutrients in rice, and their composition and content in rice grains play a decisive role in the grain quality. Rice quality (including appearance quality, cooking quality, nutrition quality, grinding and processing quality, etc.) is not only affected by the composition of the nutrients in grain of rice, but also by the physical and chemical characteristics and their content in grains, but also vulnerable to external environmental conditions. To clarify the relationship between the main nutrients in rice and their grain quality traits is of great theoretical significance and potential application value for the continuous improvement of rice quality in the future. Therefore, this paper reviewed the effects of starch, protein, lipid and mineral elements in grain of rice and also on quality of trait in rice. It is also discussed the relationship between these nutrients and rice grain quality traits. All of those will provide important information for the quality of grain improvement and breeding of new varieties with high quality in rice.

Download Full-text

Quality of Rice Grain is Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidant Application

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 57-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.S. Gharieb ◽

T.F. Metwally ◽

S.H. Abou-Khadrah ◽

A.A. Glela ◽

A. El Sabagh

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Rice Quality ◽

The Cost ◽

Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Abstract The present research was conducted to study the influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as well as antioxidant on rice quality. The experiment was designed in split-split plots with four replications, where main plots were assigned to nitrogen (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N ha−1) and sub plots were allocated to compost (0, 3.5 and 7 tons ha−1), while the sub-sub plots were assigned to ascobien (control, spraying with ascobien in two times at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), spraying with ascobien three times at 15, 30 and 45 DAT). The result indicated that grain quality traits were significantly influenced by the organic and inorganic fertilizers, and ascobien. The percentage of hulling, milling and amylose were positively and significantly influenced by nitrogen, organic and antioxidants application. Most of studied characters produced the highest values with the organic fertilize were combined with nitrogen and antioxidants. Application of 110 kg N ha−1, 7 t ha−1 compost and two or three spraying of ascobien, 110 kg N ha−1 or 3.5 t ha−1 compost and three times spraying and 55 kg N ha−1, 7 t ha−1 compost and two times spraying could be recommended for optimum grain quality of Sakha106 rice variety. It can be concluded that compost along with the foliar application of ascobien can be saved from 50 to110 kg N ha−1, without reducing grain quality. It can be the key to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease the cost of production with keeping healthy soil.

Download Full-text

Effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on rice-grain quality

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fengxian Zhen ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Haoyu Wang ◽

Junjie Zhou ◽

Bing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Protein Content ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Short Term ◽

Booting Stage ◽

Severe Heat Stress

Extreme heat-stress events are becoming more frequent under anticipated global warming, which is having devastating effect on grain yield, as well as quality, of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The effects of heat stress at booting stage on grain quality of two japonica varieties, Nanjing41 and Wuyunjing24, were investigated in phytotrons during 2014 and 2015. Rice plants were subjected to four mean temperature regimes 27°C, 31°C, 35°C and 39°C of 2, 4 and 6 days’ duration. The results showed that high temperatures of 35°C and 39°C for 4 and 6 days significantly reduced panicle size, seed-setting rate, grain size, chalky grain rate, milling characteristics and amylose content, but increased protein content. Severe heat stress decreased values of peak viscosity and breakdown, and increased pasting temperature. An increase in heat degree-days decreased the percentage of chalky grains exponentially, and decreased amylose content and increased protein content linearly. Sensitivity of grain quality to heat stress in the two varieties differed among quality traits and with heat stress intensity. This study indicates that rice-grain quality had some resistance to mild heat stress, but it could not withstand severe heat stress at booting. Short-term heat stress at booting stage deteriorates most grain-quality traits, posing a potential risk to rice quality. The impacts on grain quality could be well quantified by the combined effects of the intensity and duration of heat stress at booting stage.

Download Full-text

Genotype X Environment Interaction for Quality Traits in Bread Wheat Genotype Tested At Six Environments

Advances in Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.33140/anfs.04.02.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wide Adaptation ◽

New Varieties

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of GEI and its magnitude on the grain quality of bread wheat genotypes in Ethiopia. 15 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated using RCBD with four replications at six different locations in Ethiopia during 2017/18 cropping season. Combine Analysis of variance showed highly significant (P<0.001) differences among genotype, environment and GEI for investigated quality traits except GEI shows non-significant difference in dry gluten and gluten index. The environment contributed more than 50% only in PC (83.6%) and HLW (56.1%). The three components, G, E and GxE made almost similar contribution to most of the quality traits (WG, DG and GI), although the contribution of the environment was a little higher. Hardness index was determined mainly by the genotype (69.3%). The contribution of GxE was higher than that of genotype in all quality traits except in HDI and GI, again indicating the important role of GxE in the determination of wheat quality traits. Genotype ETBW9045 and ETBW8065 gave the best value of protein in the favorable means (15.05% and 14.75%) respectively. The Hidase had the highest value of wet gluten (58.2%) and dry gluten (24.38%) in average for all investigated locations (58.2%). GGE biplot declared ETBW9045 (#10) and ETBW8065 (#6) genotypes as stable in all quality. These two genotypes ETBW9045 (#10) and ETBW8065 (#6) are recommended for wide adaptation and for crossing. This study demonstrates success in wheat breeding for improved quality in bread wheat. The study also provides information on the combined stability of improved quality of the nationally important bread wheat genotypes. Therefore, the results of this study could be valuable for national bread wheat breeding programs to develop new varieties with high stable grain quality.

Download Full-text

Modeling the Quality of New Wheat Varieties in Kazakhstan

Journal of Food Industry ◽

10.5296/jfi.v3i1.15912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Dauletbakovbakytkan Dauletbakovbakytkan ◽

Dauletbakov Galym

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Grain Production ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

New Varieties ◽

Main Components ◽

The Relationship ◽

Significant Factors

The work investigates and demonstrates the analytical capabilities of statistical methods in the development of new varieties of wheat used for the production of pasta. By using examples of Kostanay, Pavlodar, Akmola, North-Kazakhstan region (NKR) and Aktobe regions, foridentifying significant factors, there were constructed regression equations due to initial factors, on the main components, according to the panel data. Based on the analysis of various regression models, the strengths of the relationship between the number indicators of the grain quality there was found soft and hard wheat varieties (Mereke 70, Tselina 50, Ertis 97, Astana 2, Astana, Aktobe39, Baiterek), taking into account the peculiarities of grain production in this area.

Download Full-text

Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1591

Author(s):

Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽

Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽

Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽

Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Winter Season ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Relative Water ◽

Different Seasons ◽

The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

Download Full-text

Genetic Mapping and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for the Grain Appearance and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2019/3160275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leila Bazrkar-Khatibani ◽

Barat-Ali Fakheri ◽

Maryam Hosseini-Chaleshtori ◽

Anumalla Mahender ◽

Nafiseh Mahdinejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Additive Effect ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Genetic Components

Rice grain shape and nutritional quality traits have high economic value for commercial production of rice and largely determine the market price, besides influencing the global food demand for high-quality rice. In order to understand the genetic components of grain appearance traits in paddy, brown, and head rice, 15 traits were evaluated by using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two Iranian rice cultivars Ali-Kazemi (A) and Kadous (K). A significant variation was observed and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Correlations between the visual appearances of grain traits were studied. A linkage map with 65 polymorphic SSR markers was constructed, which covered 1517.32 cM of the rice genome. A total of seven QTLs were identified on four chromosomes, 1, 6, 9, and 12, associated with four traits, which are explained by the total phenotypic variation of 44.27% and LOD score of 32.77 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Among these, four QTLs for two traits were consistently flanked by RM23904 and RM24432 on chromosome 9. Single QTL for head grain length (HGL) expressed in both the years on chromosomes 1 and 9. A major QTL for seed weight was detected on chromosome 9, which explained 10.18% of the phenotypic variation. The additive effect of all the QTLs was positively contributed by Ali-Kazemi allele, except one QTL on chromosome 6 (qBGL_6) that showed a negative additive effect being contributed by the Kadous allele. The study also validated the identified QTLs with the polymorphic SSR markers that were previously reported. Novel QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6 and 9, and many of the polymorphic markers were found to be associated with milling processing of grain quality, cooking, and nutraceutical properties of rice by extensive literature and database analysis. Therefore, these validated QTLs and marker information could be utilized in the marker-assisted selection to improve grain appearance and nutritional grain quality traits in rice.

Download Full-text

Hubungan Keanekaragaman dan Keberadaan Plankton Terhadap Faktor Fisika Kimia Sungai Batanghari

Jurnal Daur Lingkungan ◽

10.33087/daurling.v1i2.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Marhadi Marhadi ◽

Ira Galih Prabasari ◽

Ria Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Lead Chloride ◽

Primary Data ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Phosphate Nitrate ◽

Pollutant Level ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Relationship

Water pollution can not only be measured only by chemical and physical parameters, Plankton have properties that are always moving so that they can be used as indicators of water pollution. Plankton play an important role in influencing the primary productivity of river waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the diversity and presence of plankton to the quality of the Batanghari River. The study was conducted in February 2018 in Jambi City. Primary data taken in the form of concentrations of physical and chemical parameters include turbidity, pH, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Lead, Chloride, Sulfate and the amount of plankton abundance (ind / L) on the Batanghari River. The time of sampling was in the morning and evening on the same day. The results showed that the relationship between the existence of plankton and the quality of the Batanghari River showed the condition of the Batanghari River in Jambi City was in phase a - Mesosaprobic (heavy pollutant level). Parameters of pH, COD, Phosphate, Nitrite, Lead and Chloride are moderately correlated to phytoplankton, while TDS, BOD, DO, Nitrate and Ammonia are weakly correlated with phytoplankton. And for temperature parameters it is strongly correlated with phytoplankton. For correlation to zooplankton, parameters of pH, TDS, BOD, COD, COD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Lead, chloride are very weakly correlated while ammonia and turbidity correlate moderately to zooplankton.

Download Full-text

Effects of Rice Aging on Its Main Nutrients and Quality Characters

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n17p44 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Bo Peng ◽

Lu-Lu He ◽

Jing Tan ◽

Li-Ting Zheng ◽

Jie-Ting Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Aging Process ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Rice Quality ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The main nutrients in rice are starch, protein and lipids, and their contents and physicochemical properties have important effects on rice qualities. The aging process of rice is very complex, which not only changes physical and chemical properties, but also changes its physiological characteristics in rice grain. In this paper, the changes of physicochemical properties of its main nutrients (starch, protein and lipids) during storage were reviewed. At the same time, the effects of rice aging on its quality characters and the mechanism of rice aging were also discussed, which could provide reference for solving the problem of rice quality decline during storage.

Download Full-text

Impact of Elevated CO2 and Reducing the Source-Sink Ratio by Partial Defoliation on Rice Grain Quality – A 3-Year Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Study

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.788104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Gao ◽

Shaowu Hu ◽

Liquan Jing ◽

Yunxia Wang ◽

Jianguo Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Rice Quality ◽

Free Air ◽

Source Sink ◽

The Impact ◽

Rice Processing

Evaluating the impact of increasing CO2 on rice quality is becoming a global concern. However, whether adjusting the source-sink ratio will affect the response of rice grain quality to elevated CO2 concentrations remains unknown. In 2016–2018, we conducted a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown at ambient and elevated CO2 levels (eCO2, increased by 200 ppm), reducing the source-sink ratio via cutting leaves (LC) at the heading stage, to investigate the effects of eCO2 and LC and their interactions on rice processing, appearance, nutrition, and eating quality. Averaged across 3 years, eCO2 significantly decreased brown rice percentage (−0.5%), milled rice percentage (−2.1%), and head rice percentage (−4.2%) but increased chalky grain percentage (+ 22.3%) and chalkiness degree (+ 26.3%). Markedly, eCO2 increased peak viscosity (+ 2.9%) and minimum viscosity (+ 3.8%) but decreased setback (−96.1%) of powder rice and increased the appearance (+ 4.5%), stickiness (+ 3.5%) and balance degree (+ 4.8%) of cooked rice, while decreasing the hardness (−6.7%), resulting in better palatability (+ 4.0%). Further, eCO2 significantly decreased the concentrations of protein, Ca, S, and Cu by 5.3, 4.7, 2.2, and 9.6%, respectively, but increased K concentration by 3.9%. Responses of nutritional quality in different grain positions (brown and milled rice) to eCO2 showed the same trend. Compared with control treatment, LC significantly increased chalky grain percentage, chalkiness degree, protein concentration, mineral element levels (except for B and Mn), and phytic acid concentration. Our results indicate that eCO2 reduced rice processing suitability, appearance, and nutritional quality but improved the eating quality. Rice quality varied significantly among years; however, few CO2 by year, CO2 by LC, or CO2 by grain position interactions were detected, indicating that the effects of eCO2 on rice quality varied little with the growing seasons, the decrease in the source-sink ratios or the different grain positions.

Download Full-text

IMPACT OF POSTHARVEST OPERATIONS ON RICE GRAIN QUALITY: A REVIEW

Reviews In Food And Agriculture ◽

10.26480/rfna.01.2021.20.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

Sonu Poudel ◽

Prakriti Poudel ◽

Sijan Poudel ◽

Srishti Pokhrel ◽

Swastika Aryal

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Milling Quality ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

Cooking And Eating Quality ◽

Physical And Chemical

An efficient postharvest system aims to minimize the loss and obtained the good quality rice gain. This review summarizes the information regarding the postharvest processing published by various authors and outline the evidence that support the impacts of the postharvest handling on rice grain quality. Grain quality, includes a summary of the physical and chemical characteristics of rice grain. It has many components such as nutritional value, appearance, cooking and eating quality. Drying of rice mainly affects the milling quality, as most breakage of rice occurs because of grain fissuring. Rice ageing occurs during storage is responsible for the changes in pasting properties, color, flavor and chemical composition such as starch, protein, lipid etc. that affect rice quality. Therefore, research on various drying methods, storage conditions and milling methods should be maximized and maintain the desired rice grain quality. This review may contribute to understand the impacts of postharvest processes on grain quality and can increase the head rice yield.

Download Full-text