scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of arginine on proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nishimura ◽  
Tsubasa Tanikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Proline Utilization

Inhibition of Yeast Growth by Tryptamine and Recovery with Tryptophan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Kadkol ◽  
Ian Macreadie
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Biogenic Monoamine

Background: Tryptamine, a biogenic monoamine that is present in trace levels in the mammalian central nervous system, has probable roles as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator and may be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the ways tryptamine may affect the body is by the competitive inhibition of the attachment of tryptophan to tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases. Methods: This study has explored the effects of tryptamine on growth of six yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. lusitaniae) in media with glucose or ethanol as the carbon source, as well as recovery of growth inhibition by the addition of tryptophan. Results: Tryptamine was found to have an inhibitory effect on respiratory growth of all yeast species when grown with ethanol as the carbon source. Tryptamine also inhibited fermentative growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. krusei and C. tropicalis with glucose as the carbon source. In most cases the inhibitory effects were reduced by added tryptophan. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are consistent with tryptamine competing with tryptophan to bind mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tryptophanyl tRNA synthetases in yeast: effects on mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis can be studied as a function of growth with glucose or ethanol as a carbon source. Of the yeast species tested, there is variation in the sensitivity to tryptamine and the rescue by tryptophan. The current study suggests appropriate yeast strains and approaches for further studies.

Role of cations in the flocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and discrimination of the corresponding proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuriyama ◽  
Itaru Umeda ◽  
Harumi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Yeast Flocculation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anionic Groups

Asexual yeast flocculation was studied using strong flocculents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inhibitory effect of cations on flocculation is considered to be caused by competition between those cations and Ca2+ at the binding site of the Ca2+-requiring protein that is involved in flocculation. Inhibition of flocculation by various cations occurred in the following order: La3+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Na+. Cations such as Mg2+, Co2+, and K+ promoted flocculation. This promoting effect may be based on the reduction of electrostatic repulsive force between cells caused by binding of these cations anionic groups present on the cell surface. In flocculation induced by these cations, trace amounts of Ca2+ excreted on the cell surface may activate the corresponding protein. The ratio of Sr2+/Ca2+ below which cells flocculated varied among strains: for strains having the FLO5 gene, it was 400 to 500; for strains having the FLO1 gene, about 150; and for two alcohol yeast strains, 40 to 50. This suggests that there are several different types of cell surface proteins involved in flocculation in different yeast strains. Key words: yeast, flocculation, protein, cation, calcium.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 Are Monothiol Glutaredoxins Associated with the Early Secretory Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Izquierdo ◽  
Celia Casas ◽  
Ulrich Mühlenhoff ◽  
Christopher Horst Lillig ◽  
Enrique Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Early Secretory Pathway ◽  
Glycosylation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 are two monothiol glutaredoxins whose active-site sequences (CSYS and CPYS, respectively) are reminiscent of the CPYC active-site sequence of classical dithiol glutaredoxins. Both proteins contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain which is responsible for their association to membranes of the early secretory pathway vesicles, facing the luminal side. Thus, Grx6 localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments, while Grx7 is mostly at the Golgi. Expression of GRX6 is modestly upregulated by several stresses (calcium, sodium, and peroxides) in a manner dependent on the Crz1-calcineurin pathway. Some of these stresses also upregulate GRX7 expression under the control of the Msn2/4 transcription factor. The N glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin induces the expression of both genes along with protein accumulation. Mutants lacking both glutaredoxins display reduced sensitivity to tunicamycin, although the drug is still able to manifest its inhibitory effect on a reporter glycoprotein. Grx6 and Grx7 have measurable oxidoreductase activity in vivo, which is increased in the presence of tunicamycin. Both glutaredoxins could be responsible for the regulation of the sulfhydryl oxidative state at the oxidant conditions of the early secretory pathway vesicles. However, the differences in location and expression responses against stresses suggest that their functions are not totally overlapping.

Proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the cloned PUT2 gene

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1846-1856
Author(s):  
M C Brandriss
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Proline Utilization ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
His3 Gene ◽  
Specific Mrna

The PUT2 gene was isolated on a 6.5-kilobase insert of a recombinant DNA plasmid by functional complementation of a put2 (delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase-deficient) mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its identity was confirmed by a gene disruption technique in which the chromosomal PUT2+ gene was replaced by plasmid DNA carrying the put2 gene into which the S. cerevisiae HIS3+ gene had been inserted. The cloned PUT2 gene was used to probe specific mRNA levels: full induction of the PUT2 gene resulted in a 15-fold increase over the uninduced level. The PUT2-specific mRNA was approximately 2 kilobases in length and was used in S1 nuclease protection experiments to locate the gene to a 3-kilobase HindIII fragment. When delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity levels were measured in strains carrying the original plasmid, as well as in subclones, similar induction ratios were found as compared with enzyme levels in haploid yeast strains. Effects due to increased copy number or position were also seen. The cloned gene on a 2 mu-containing vector was used to map the PUT2 gene to chromosome VIII.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species with Anticancer Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jahangeer ◽  
Areej Riasat ◽  
Zahed Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Numan ◽  
Naveed Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
New Chemotherapeutic Agents

Chemotherapeutic agents produce from numerous sources such as animals, plants and micro-organisms are derived from the natural products. Although the existing therapeutic pipeline lacks fungal-derived metabolites, but hundreds of secondary metabolites derived from fungi are known to be possible chemotherapies. Over the past three decades, several secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic and polyketides have been developed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae species with exciting activities that considered valued for the growth of new chemotherapeutic agents. Many secondary metabolites are protective compounds which prevent abiotic and biotic stresses, i.e. predation, infection, drought and ultraviolet. Though not taking part in a living cell’s central metabolism, secondary metabolites play an important role in the function of an organism. Nevertheless, due to slow biomass build-up and inadequate synthesis by the natural host the yield of secondary metabolites is low by direct isolation. A detailed comprehension of biosynthetic pathways for development of secondary metabolites are necessary for S. cerevisiae biotransformation. These metabolites have higher inhibitory effect, specificity among cancer and normal cells, and the mechanism of non-apoptotic cell killing. This study shows the significance of bioactive compounds produced by S. cerevisiae species with their possible activity and value in chemotherapeutic drugs pipeline. The isolation and alteration of these natural secondary metabolites would promote the development of chemotherapeutic drugs.

scholarly journals Effects of Furfural on the Respiratory Metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Glucose-Limited Chemostats

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4076-4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Sárvári Horváth ◽  
Carl Johan Franzén ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
Claes Niklasson ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Glycerol Formation

ABSTRACT Effects of furfural on the aerobic metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied by performing chemostat experiments, and the kinetics of furfural conversion was analyzed by performing dynamic experiments. Furfural, an important inhibitor present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, was shown to have an inhibitory effect on yeast cells growing respiratively which was much greater than the inhibitory effect previously observed for anaerobically growing yeast cells. The residual furfural concentration in the bioreactor was close to zero at all steady states obtained, and it was found that furfural was exclusively converted to furoic acid during respiratory growth. A metabolic flux analysis showed that furfural affected fluxes involved in energy metabolism. There was a 50% increase in the specific respiratory activity at the highest steady-state furfural conversion rate. Higher furfural conversion rates, obtained during pulse additions of furfural, resulted in respirofermentative metabolism, a decrease in the biomass yield, and formation of furfuryl alcohol in addition to furoic acid. Under anaerobic conditions, reduction of furfural partially replaced glycerol formation as a way to regenerate NAD+. At concentrations above the inlet concentration of furfural, which resulted in complete replacement of glycerol formation by furfuryl alcohol production, washout occurred. Similarly, when the maximum rate of oxidative conversion of furfural to furoic acid was exceeded aerobically, washout occurred. Thus, during both aerobic growth and anaerobic growth, the ability to tolerate furfural appears to be directly coupled to the ability to convert furfural to less inhibitory compounds.

Control of catalase and peroxidase biosynthesis by carbon source and oxygen in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Valdivia ◽  
J. Martinez ◽  
J. M. Ortega ◽  
E. Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

The effect of carbon source and oxygen tension on catalase and peroxidase levels and on the intermediates of the biosynthesis of the prosthetic group of both enzymes has been studied. Oxygen produces an increase of both enzymatic activities, even in presence of glucose. On the other hand it seems probable that glucose does not have a direct inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphyrins.

Amiodarone induces stress responses and calcium flux mediated by the cell wall in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Courchesne ◽  
Meral Tunc ◽  
Sha Liao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Amiodarone Treatment ◽  
Kinetics Of

We used a proteomic approach to study effects of amiodarone on cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amiodarone has been shown to have antifungal activity in vitro and causes a massive increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels ([Ca2+]cyt). Proteomic analysis of cells exposed to amiodarone show that this drug elicits stress responses and points to involvement of proteins associated with the cell wall. We tested several of those proteins for involvement in the Ca2+ flux. In particular, the amiodarone-induced Ca2+ flux was decreased in bgl2Δ cells, which have altered levels of β-glucan and chitin. The involvement of the cell wall in the Ca2+ flux induced by amiodarone treatment was tested by addition of yeast cell-wall components. While mannan inhibited the rise in [Ca2+]cyt, β-glucan potentiated the Ca2+ flux by 4.5-fold, providing evidence that the cell wall is directly involved in controlling this Ca2+ flux. This conclusion is corroborated by the inhibition of the Ca2+ flux by calcofluor, which is known to bind to cell-wall chitin and inhibit cell growth. Zymolyase treatment altered the kinetics of amiodarone-induced calcium flux and uncoupled the inhibitory effect of calcofluor. These effects demonstrate that the cell-wall β-glucan regulates calcium flux elicited by amiodarone.

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