Density Results for Frames of Exponentials

Background: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NVC) is a diagnostic tool particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. Although successfully applied since many years, little is known about prevalence and distribution of NVC changes in healthy individuals. Probands and methods: NVC was performed in 120 individuals (57 men and 63 women; age 18 to 70 years) randomly selected according to predefined age and sex strata. Diseases associated with NVC changes were excluded. The nailfolds of eight fingers were assessed according to standardized procedures. A scoring system was developed based on the distribution of the number of morphologically deviating capillaries, microhaemorrhages, and capillary density. Results: Only 18 individuals (15 %) had no deviation in morphology, haemorrhages, or capillary density on any finger. Overall 67 % had morphological changes, 48 % had microhaemorrhages, and 40 % of volunteers below 40 years of age and 18 % above age 40 had less than 8 capillaries/mm. Among morphological changes tortous (43 %), ramified (47 %), and bushy capillaries (27 %) were the most frequently altered capillary types. A semiquantitative scoring system was developed in such a way that a score above 1 indicates an extreme position (above the 90th percentile) in the distribution of scores among healthy individuals. Conclusions: Altered capillaries occur frequently among healthy individuals and should be interpreted as normal unless a suspicious increase in their frequency is determined by reference to the scoring system. Megacapillaries and diffuse loss of capillaries were not found and seem to be of specific diagnostic value.

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Effect of ink and paperboard characteristics on flexographic print quality based on print density

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj10.9.7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

KHODADAD MALMIRCHEGINI ◽

FARSHAD SARKHOSH RAHMANI

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Print Quality ◽

Printing Technology ◽

Plastic Films ◽

Printing Inks ◽

Packaging Industry ◽

Solids Content ◽

Density Results

Flexography is an evolving printing technology that is suitable for printing on coated and uncoated paperboard and board, nonporous substrates including metalized and paperboard foils, and plastic films used especially in the packaging industry. This study evaluated the effect of paperboard and ink characteristics on flexographic print density in paperboard. Three commercial paperboards from different companies were prepared: brown kraft from Thailand, white kraft from Spain, and test liner from Iran. Four samples of process print inks from Iran were used in this investigation. Paperboard properties, such as roughness and water absorption, and ink characteristics, including solids content, PH and particle diameter, were measured. The inks were printed on paperboards using a roll no.15 applicator with a blade metering device, and the print densities were measured. Results showed that solids content, pH, and particle diameter of printing inks influenced print density, while the roughness and water absorption of the three types of paperboard had no significant influence on print density. Results also illustrated that two levels of ink viscosity (25–30 and 50–55 mPa·s) were insignificant to print density.

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Urban Boundary Layers Over Dense and Tall Canopies

Boundary-Layer Meteorology ◽

10.1007/s10546-021-00635-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandros Makedonas ◽

Matteo Carpentieri ◽

Marco Placidi

Keyword(s):

Packing Density ◽

Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Roughness Sublayer ◽

Average Height ◽

Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Flow Features ◽

Stress Layer ◽

Density Results

AbstractWind-tunnel experiments were carried out on four urban morphologies: two tall canopies with uniform height and two super-tall canopies with a large variation in element heights (where the maximum element height is more than double the average canopy height, $$h_{max}=2.5h_{avg}$$ h max = 2.5 h avg ). The average canopy height and packing density are fixed across the surfaces to $$h_{avg} = 80~\hbox {mm}$$ h avg = 80 mm , and $$\lambda _{p} = 0.44$$ λ p = 0.44 , respectively. A combination of laser Doppler anemometry and direct-drag measurements are used to calculate and scale the mean velocity profiles with the boundary-layer depth $$\delta $$ δ . In the uniform-height experiment, the high packing density results in a ‘skimming flow’ regime with very little flow penetration into the canopy. This leads to a surprisingly shallow roughness sublayer (depth $$\approx 1.15h_{avg}$$ ≈ 1.15 h avg ), and a well-defined inertial sublayer above it. In the heterogeneous-height canopies, despite the same packing density and average height, the flow features are significantly different. The height heterogeneity enhances mixing, thus encouraging deep flow penetration into the canopy. A deeper roughness sublayer is found to exist extending up to just above the tallest element height (corresponding to $$z/h_{avg} = 2.85$$ z / h avg = 2.85 ), which is found to be the dominant length scale controlling the flow behaviour. Results point toward the existence of a constant-stress layer for all surfaces considered herein despite the severity of the surface roughness ($$\delta /h_{avg} = 3 - 6.25$$ δ / h avg = 3 - 6.25 ). This contrasts with the previous literature.

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Myelin densities in retinotopically defined dorsal visual areas of the macaque

Brain Structure and Function ◽

10.1007/s00429-021-02363-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaolian Li ◽

Qi Zhu ◽

Wim Vanduffel

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Visual Field ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

New World Monkeys ◽

Isotropic Resolution ◽

Density Mapping ◽

Area V2 ◽

Visual Areas ◽

Density Results

AbstractThe visuotopic organization of dorsal visual cortex rostral to area V2 in primates has been a longstanding source of controversy. Using sub-millimeter phase-encoded retinotopic fMRI mapping, we recently provided evidence for a surprisingly similar visuotopic organization in dorsal visual cortex of macaques compared to previously published maps in New world monkeys (Zhu and Vanduffel, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:2306–2311, 2019). Although individual quadrant representations could be robustly delineated in that study, their grouping into hemifield representations remains a major challenge. Here, we combined in-vivo high-resolution myelin density mapping based on MR imaging (400 µm isotropic resolution) with fine-grained retinotopic fMRI to quantitatively compare myelin densities across retinotopically defined visual areas in macaques. Complementing previously documented differences in populational receptive-field (pRF) size and visual field signs, myelin densities of both quadrants of the dorsolateral posterior area (DLP) and area V3A are significantly different compared to dorsal and ventral area V3. Moreover, no differences in myelin density were observed between the two matching quadrants belonging to areas DLP, V3A, V1, V2 and V4, respectively. This was not the case, however, for the dorsal and ventral quadrants of area V3, which showed significant differences in MR-defined myelin densities, corroborating evidence of previous myelin staining studies. Interestingly, the pRF sizes and visual field signs of both quadrant representations in V3 are not different. Although myelin density correlates with curvature and anticorrelates with cortical thickness when measured across the entire cortex, exactly as in humans, the myelin density results in the visual areas cannot be explained by variability in cortical thickness and curvature between these areas. The present myelin density results largely support our previous model to group the two quadrants of DLP and V3A, rather than grouping DLP- with V3v into a single area VLP, or V3d with V3A+ into DM.

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Is lung function associated with bone mineral density? Results from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Archives of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1007/s11657-012-0115-y ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. M. Dennison ◽

D. K. Dhanwal ◽

S. O. Shaheen ◽

R. Azagra ◽

I. Reading ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Lung Function ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Hertfordshire Cohort Study ◽

Density Results

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Minimizing Segregation in Bunkers

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3438167 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Clague ◽

H. Wright

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Flow Regime ◽

Mass Flow ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Model Tests ◽

Material Density ◽

Filling Method ◽

Density Results

Bunkers used in steelworks sinter plants and other applications need to be designed and operated so that the feed emerging is unsegregated. A series of model tests has been carried out to discover which bunker shape, flow regime, and filling method give the least segregation for raw materials of different particle size and density. Results are compared with results from larger bunkers. The main conclusions are that an evenly-filled wedge-shaped mass-flow bunker is best at preventing segregation and that material density has little effect.

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Restructuring of similarity neighbourhoods in the developing mental lexicon

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000902005032 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 251-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

HOLLY L. STORKEL

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Mental Lexicon ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Classification Task ◽

Previous Evidence ◽

Similarity Relationship ◽

Developmental Course ◽

Similarity Relationships ◽

Standard Word ◽

Density Results

Previous evidence suggests that the structure of similarity neighbourhoods in the developing mental lexicon may differ from that of the fully developed lexicon. The similarity relationships used to organize words into neighbourhoods was investigated in 20 pre-school children (age 3;7 to 5;11) using a two alternative forced-choice classification task. Children classified the similarity of test words relative to a standard word to determine neighbourhood membership. The similarity relationship between the test and standard words varied orthogonally in terms of type of similarity and position of overlap. Standard words were drawn from neighbourhoods differing in density. Results showed that dense neighbourhoods were organized by phoneme similarity in the onset+nucleus or rhyme positions of overlap. In contrast, sparse neighbourhoods appeared to be organized by phoneme similarity in the onset+nucleus, but manner similarity in the rhyme. These results are integrated with previous findings from infants and adults to propose a developmental course of change in the mental lexicon.

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Residential particulate matter and distance to roadways in relation to mammographic density: results from the Nurses’ Health Studies

Breast Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/s13058-017-0915-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Natalie C. DuPre ◽

Jaime E. Hart ◽

Kimberly A. Bertrand ◽

Peter Kraft ◽

Francine Laden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Mammographic Density ◽

Health Studies ◽

Density Results

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Demersal fish stock development as the sustainability of coral fish under artificial reef made of bamboo (BambooReef) in the coastal waters of Malalayang Dua, Manado

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.5.2.2017.17485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Alex D. Kambey ◽

Anneke V. Lohoo

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Artificial Reef ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

Species Group ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Group 13 ◽

Resources Management ◽

Coral Fish ◽

Natural Coral ◽

Density Results

Efforts to maintain and prepare the fish stock availability, coastal resources management in Malalayang Dua waters was carried out through coral reef rehabilitation in public fisheries zone, artificial reef “BambooReef” placement as an effort of innovation creation to prepare an alternative artificial reef model. In 1 -2 years, new habitat is expected to be present, could increase the fish biomass, and create the area to be able to supply reef fish stock in Malalayang Dua waters and its surroundings.The artificial reef “bambooReef” was laid around the natural coral reefs at the depth of 5 to 7 m. Data collected were presence and attraction of the coral fish (no. species and density).Results showed that there were 15 species found around the “BambooReef”, with the highest recorded as mayor species group (13 species), followed by indicator species, and 1 target species. Total number was 137 individuals and the density was 8.56 ind./m2 or 85.625 ind/ha. The fifteen species of coral fish did not, in general, belong to optimum size for fishing. Nevertheless, this study reflects that the artificial reef placement has created new habitat for the coral fish. Keywords: Artificial reef, bambooreef, bamboo, demersal. AbstrakUpaya untuk menjaga, memelihara dan sekaligus mempersiapkan penyediaan stok ikan di perairan, dibuatkan pengelolaan sumberdaya wilayah pesisir di Kelurahan Malalayang Dua dengan konsep pengelolaan melalui perbaikan kondisi terumbu karang zona perikanan masyarakat, dengan konsep rehabilitasi tempat hidup dan berkembang ikan yaitu peletakan terumbu buatan dari bahan dasar bambu “BambuReef”, sebagai upaya menciptakan inovasi bahkan menciptakan model terumbu buatan alternatif (baru). Diharapkan dalam waktu dalam waktu 1-2 Tahun akan tercipta habitat baru, meningkatkan biomassa ikan, menciptakan daerah yang dapat menyediakan stock ikan karang di perairan pantai Kelurahan Malalayang Dua dan sekitarnya.Terumbu buatan “bambooReef” diletakkan pada daerah sekitar terumbu karang alami di perairan pesisir Malalayang Dua Kota Manado, pada kedalaman 5 s/d 7 meter. Data yang diperoleh dari peletakkan/penerapan terumbu buatan “BambooReef” adalah kehadiran dan ketertarikan jenis ikan karang (jumlah jenis dan kepadatannya),Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 15 spesies yang ditemukan di sekitar terumbu buatan “BambooReef” dimana tertinggi termasuk pada kelompok spesies mayor (13 jenis), kemudian diikuti spesies indikator berjumlah 1 jenis, dan spesies target 1 jenis, dengan jumlah 137 individu, serta kepadatan 8,56 indv/m2 atau sebesar 85.625 individu per hektar. 15 jenis ikan karang yang ditemukan umumnya belum dalam ukuran optimum untuk ditangkap. Namun demikian hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penempatan terumbu buatan telah memberikan habitat baru bagi ikan karang.Kata kunci: Terumbu buatan, bambooreef, bambu, demersal.

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STUDI LALAT PENGOROK DAUN LIRIOMYZA SPP. PADA PERTANAMAN BAWANG DAUN, DAN PARASITOID OPIUS CHROMATOMYIAE BELOKOBYLSKIJ & WHARTON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1922-31 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Rusli Rustam ◽

Aunu Rauf ◽

Nina Maryana ◽

Pudjianto Pudjianto ◽

Dadang Dadang

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Host Density ◽

Field Studies ◽

Reproductive Value ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Demographic Parameter ◽

Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽

Stable Age Distribution ◽

Net Reproduction ◽

Density Results

Studies on Leafminer Liriomyza spp. in Green Onion Fields, and Parasitoid Opius chromatomyiae Belokobylskij & Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Field studies were conducted to determine population abundance of leafminers and their parasitoids in green onion fields in Puncak, West Java. In addition to that, laboratory studies were carried out to determine demographic parameter of Opius chromatomyiae as well as response of parasitoid to increasing host density. Results revealed that green onions were infested by two species of leafminers, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza chinensis. Leafminer flies emerged from Erwor leaves (54.5) were significantly higher than those of RP leaves (18.65) (P = 0.0005). However, number of leafminer flies caught on sticky traps was not statistically different (P = 0.297). Two species of parasitoid, Hemiptarsenus varicornis and O. chromatomyiae, were associated with leafminers in green onion fields. Higher number of parasitoids emerged from Erwor leaves (13.68) as compared to RP (6.90) (P =0.0007 ). However, level of parasitization were 24.36% on Erwor and 28.45% on RP, and was not significantly different (P = 0.387). Laboratory studies indicated that net reproduction (Ro) of O. chromatomyiae was 28.55, generation time (T) 15.96 days, intrinsic growth rate 0.21, and total of reproductive value 223.64. The stable age distribution of parasitoid were 37.93% eggs, 24.92% larvae, 20.36% pupae and 16.78% adults. The parasitoid showed functional response type II to increasing host density, with a = 0.08 and Th = 2.58.

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