Chlorophyll Metabolism, an Overview

2007 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfhart Rüdiger ◽  
Bernhard Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

scholarly journals Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the salt-responsive transcriptomes reveals novel hub genes in green halophytic microalgae Dunaliella salina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Panahi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Scale Free

AbstractDespite responses to salinity stress in Dunaliella salina, a unicellular halotolerant green alga, being subject to extensive study, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, Empirical Bayes method was applied to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between hypersaline and normal conditions. Then, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which takes advantage of a graph theoretical approach, highly correlated genes were clustered as a module. Subsequently, connectivity patterns of the identified modules in two conditions were surveyed to define preserved and non-preserved modules by combining the Zsummary and medianRank measures. Finally, common and specific hub genes in non-preserved modules were determined using Eigengene-based module connectivity or module membership (kME) measures and validation was performed by using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). In this study, the power of beta = 12 (scale-free R2 = 0.8) was selected as the soft-thresholding to ensure a scale-free network, which led to the identification of 15 co-expression modules. Results also indicate that green, blue, brown, and yellow modules are non-preserved in salinity stress conditions. Examples of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in non-preserved modules are Sulfur metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism. Moreover, the systems biology approach was applied here, proposed some salinity specific hub genes, such as radical-induced cell death1 protein (RCD1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13 (MAP3K13), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase subunit (AccC), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDO), for the development of metabolites accumulating strains in D. salina.

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

scholarly journals Genetic control of chlorophyll metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Elena M Chekunova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

98 Chlorophyll Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryouichi Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Takabayashi ◽  
Hisashi Ito ◽  
Ayumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

Chlorophyll Metabolism

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Eckhardt ◽  
Bernhard Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

scholarly journals Identification of client iron–sulfur proteins of the chloroplastic NFU2 transfer protein in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4171-4187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Berger ◽  
Florence Vignols ◽  
Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano ◽  
Mélanie Roland ◽  
Valérie Rofidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Assay ◽  
Client Proteins ◽  
S Proteins

Abstract Iron–sulfur (Fe-S) proteins have critical functions in plastids, notably participating in photosynthetic electron transfer, sulfur and nitrogen assimilation, chlorophyll metabolism, and vitamin or amino acid biosynthesis. Their maturation relies on the so-called SUF (sulfur mobilization) assembly machinery. Fe-S clusters are synthesized de novo on a scaffold protein complex and then delivered to client proteins via several transfer proteins. However, the maturation pathways of most client proteins and their specificities for transfer proteins are mostly unknown. In order to decipher the proteins interacting with the Fe-S cluster transfer protein NFU2, one of the three plastidial representatives found in Arabidopsis thaliana, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of shoots, roots, and seedlings of nfu2 plants, combined with NFU2 co-immunoprecipitation and binary yeast two-hybrid experiments. We identified 14 new targets, among which nine were validated in planta using a binary bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. These analyses also revealed a possible role for NFU2 in the plant response to desiccation. Altogether, this study better delineates the maturation pathways of many chloroplast Fe-S proteins, considerably extending the number of NFU2 clients. It also helps to clarify the respective roles of the three NFU paralogs NFU1, NFU2, and NFU3.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ interferes with the distribution and uptake of iron in tomato

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Buoso ◽  
Laura Pagliari ◽  
Rita Musetti ◽  
Marta Martini ◽  
Fabio Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection

Abstract Background ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is endemic in Europe and infects a wide range of weeds and cultivated plants. Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic plant pathogens that colonize the sieve elements of their host plant, causing severe alterations in phloem function and impairment of assimilate translocation. Typical symptoms of infected plants include yellowing of leaves or shoots, leaf curling, and general stunting, but the molecular mechanisms underlying most of the reported changes remain largely enigmatic. To infer a possible involvement of Fe in the host-phytoplasma interaction, we investigated the effects of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) grown under different Fe regimes. Results Both phytoplasma infection and Fe starvation led to the development of chlorotic leaves and altered thylakoid organization. In infected plants, Fe accumulated in phloem tissue, altering the local distribution of Fe. In infected plants, Fe starvation had additive effects on chlorophyll content and leaf chlorosis, suggesting that the two conditions affected the phenotypic readout via separate routes. To gain insights into the transcriptional response to phytoplasma infection, or Fe deficiency, transcriptome profiling was performed on midrib-enriched leaves. RNA-seq analysis revealed that both stress conditions altered the expression of a large (> 800) subset of common genes involved in photosynthetic light reactions, porphyrin / chlorophyll metabolism, and in flowering control. In Fe-deficient plants, phytoplasma infection perturbed the Fe deficiency response in roots, possibly by interference with the synthesis or transport of a promotive signal transmitted from the leaves to the roots. Conclusions ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection changes the Fe distribution in tomato leaves, affects the photosynthetic machinery and perturbs the orchestration of root-mediated transport processes by compromising shoot-to-root communication.

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