Contribution of Seawater Desalination to Cope with Water Scarcity in Souss-Massa Region in Southern Morocco

2016 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Hirich ◽  
Redouane Choukr-Allah ◽  
Abdessadek Nrhira ◽  
Mouna Malki ◽  
Lhoussaine Bouchaou
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Seawater Desalination

scholarly journals Seawater Desalination: A Review of Forward Osmosis Technique, Its Challenges, and Future Prospects

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Aondohemba Aende ◽  
Jabbar Gardy ◽  
Ali Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Individual Domain ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
To Come

Currently over 845 million people are believed to be living under severe water scarcity, and an estimated 2.8 billion people across the globe are projected to come under serious water scarcity by the year 2025, according to a United Nations (UN) report. Seawater desalination has gained more traction as the solution with the most potential for increasing global freshwater supplies amongst other solutions. However, the economic and energy costs associated with the major desalination technologies are considered intrinsically prohibitive largely due to their humongous energy requirements alongside the requirements of complex equipment and their maintenance in most cases. Whilst forward osmosis (FO) is being touted as a potentially more energy efficient and cost-effective alternative desalination technique, its efficiency is challenged by draw solutes and the draw solutes recovery step in FO applications alongside other challenges. This paper looks at the present situation of global water scarcity, and a brief leap into the major desalination technologies employed. A closer look at the key drivers of FO as a seawater desalination technique in their individual domain and its outlook as an technology are further highlighted.

scholarly journals Quenching an Enormous Thirst

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
John Kosowatz ◽  
Zina Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Seawater Desalination

Water scarcity is happening in many more places around the globe. To comabt it, seawater desalination is often a technology of last resort, due to the high energy costs needed to power the industrial-sized plants. Israel’s IDE Technologies offered an alternative to thermal technology: reverse osmosis. This article delves deeper into the technology.

Current Status and Development of Chinese Seawater Desalination Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Deng ◽  
Li Zhen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
Harsh Climate

Based on the increasingly harsh climate change and water scarcity in China, the seawater desalination is gradually becoming one of the important alternatives to solve the problems of water shortage. This paper makes a comparison among various technologies for seawater desalination and forecasts the development direction and the advanced desalination process merged with other green energy techniques.

scholarly journals Municipal Wastewater Reuse: Is It a Competitive Alternative to Seawater Desalination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6815
Author(s):  
Dafne Crutchik ◽  
José Luis Campos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Reuse

Water scarcity is becoming a global challenge to attempts to narrow the water demand–supply gap. To overcome this problem, it is sensible to consider alternative technologies that can exploit non-conventional water resources. The choice of such technologies should be, however, carefully analyzed, because any choice might be unfeasible from an economic point of view. In this work, a methodology to select the most appropriate non-conventional water resource, out of municipal wastewater and seawater, was proposed. Specifically, we attempted to determine which alternative provides cheaper water supply and production costs for domestic uses, depending on the wastewater treatment system used and the water plant capacity. The production of water under three scenarios was analyzed: (i) a city that has a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); (ii) a city that uses primary treatment and submarine outfalls to treat municipal wastewater; (iii) seawater desalination. The proposed methodology was tested in Chilean cities that are located in areas where water is a scarce resource. The results showed that the reuse of municipal wastewater represents a cost-competitive alternative to seawater desalination, mainly when municipal wastewater is treated in a conventional WWTP and when water flow demand is higher than 1500 m3/d. In contrast, seawater desalination becomes more profitable than wastewater reuse when the treatment of municipal wastewater is based on the use of submarine outfalls. This study provides a useful economic tool for promoting municipal wastewater reuse as a non-conventional water source for supplying water to cities that suffer from water scarcity in Chile and in similar areas of the world.

scholarly journals MEMBRANE DISTILLATION FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION APPLICATIONS IN VIETNAM: POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Hung Cong Duong ◽  
Nhan Duc Phan ◽  
Tinh Van Nguyen ◽  
Thao Manh Pham ◽  
Nguyen Cong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

Desalination of seawater using membrane distillation (MD) can be a practical approach to mitigating the fresh water scarcity in Vietnam. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the seawater MD desalination process. The fundamentals of the MD process including configurations, membrane modules, membrane properties, and heat and mass transfer mechanisms together with approaches to enhancing heat and mass transfer are first systematically reviewed and analyzed. Then, the potential and challenges of the seawater MD desalination process are thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Desalination and water security in Southeastern Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Miguel Borja Bernabé-Crespo ◽  
Encarnación Gil-Meseguer ◽  
José M. Gómez-Espín
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Southeastern Spain ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Social Debate

<p>The Segura Hydrographic Demarcation (DHS), in Southeastern Spain, is an area of hydric deficit caused by low and irregular rainfall and a dense population. In this region water scarcity is a burning issue that polarizes society for or against different models of ensuring water supply. Given the current demand for water throughout Spain, desalination has been used to increase water supply, and as insurance against drought. Ten seawater desalination plants and hundreds of brackish aquifer desalination plants treat water in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, both for human consumption and for irrigation, contributing to economic, energetic, processual and economic aspects of territorial organization in the Southeast of Spain. This article reviews debates over desalination, water transfers, and the best way to meet water demands in that region. While desalination allows an increase in water supply, dependence on that source increases energy costs and may lead to mistaken assumptions among users about water scarcity and availability.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>seawater desalination, brackish aquifer desalination, human water supply, social debate, irrigation, Southeast of Spain</p>

Water scarcity predicted to worsen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshini Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity

The Human Dimension of Water Scarcity

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Warren Smithies
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Human Dimension

Uncharted Waters: The New Economics of Water Scarcity and Variability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Damania ◽  
Sébastien Desbureaux ◽  
Marie Hyland ◽  
Asif Islam ◽  
Scott Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity

Climate Change and Drought: Impact of Food Insecurity on Gender Based Vulnerability in District Tharparkar

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hussain Memon ◽  
Naveed Aamir ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The People ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Arid Desert

Climate change has now become a reality that has intensified the sufferings of people living in arid ecosystems. Decrease in rainfall, rise in temperature and increase in the frequency of extreme events are some of the changes observed in the semi-arid desert of district Tharparkar. For thousands of years, people of Tharparkar are coping with drought and aridity of the land by using indigenous knowledge. However, global changes in the climatic pattern and deterioration of social and economic conditions have pushed the inhabitants of this arid region into extreme vulnerable situation. This paper investigates the link between climate-induced natural disasters, particularly drought, from the perspective of changing climate patterns which have resulted in food insecurity and water scarcity. The paper analyses the rainfall pattern in the last 38 years—dividing it into two periods i.e. from 1975-1994 and 1995-2014. The findings of the paper have challenged the prevailing notions about aridity and rainfall patterns in Tharparkar district. The research found that there is an increase in average annual precipitation in the district with erratic patterns. Thus, the nature of drought in the district has changed from its historic pattern of less or no rainfall to more but erratic rainfall that is more threatening to livelihoods of the people that in turn have multiplier effect on water and food insecurity. In particularly, women are more vulnerable in the absence of social security and lack of basic necessities for their survival amidst drought. For instance, traditionally the burden of managing water resources falls on women, which leads to an increased work load during the time of drought and also water scarcity. JEL Classification: Q54, Q56, Q25, I30 Keywords: Climate, Environment and Development, Drought, Water, Poverty

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