EFFECTS OF CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY REGIMENS ON PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSES AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON LONGTERM ANTI-TUMOR RESPONSES

2008 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Kory L. Alderson ◽  
William J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Potential Impact

scholarly journals Immunomodulating nano-adaptors potentiate antibody-based cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Tao Jiang ◽  
Kai-Ge Chen ◽  
An Liu ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Ya-Nan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Antibody Immobilization ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface

AbstractModulating effector immune cells via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and facilitating the co-engagement of T cells and tumor cells via chimeric antigen receptor- T cells or bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies are two typical cancer immunotherapy approaches. We speculated that immobilizing two types of mAbs against effector cells and tumor cells on a single nanoparticle could integrate the functions of these two approaches, as the engineered formulation (immunomodulating nano-adaptor, imNA) could potentially associate with both cells and bridge them together like an ‘adaptor’ while maintaining the immunomodulatory properties of the parental mAbs. However, existing mAbs-immobilization strategies mainly rely on a chemical reaction, a process that is rough and difficult to control. Here, we build up a versatile antibody immobilization platform by conjugating anti-IgG (Fc specific) antibody (αFc) onto the nanoparticle surface (αFc-NP), and confirm that αFc-NP could conveniently and efficiently immobilize two types of mAbs through Fc-specific noncovalent interactions to form imNAs. Finally, we validate the superiority of imNAs over the mixture of parental mAbs in T cell-, natural killer cell- and macrophage-mediated antitumor immune responses in multiple murine tumor models.

Tumor Microenvironment-Triggered In-Situ Cancer Vaccines with Dual Immunogenic Cell Death Inductions for Elevated Antitumor and Antimetastatic Therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lin ◽  
Binbin Ding ◽  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Meifang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer vaccine is to make tumor-specific antigens into vaccines, which then are injected back into the body to activate immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the high specificity and therapeutic...

scholarly journals Design and Encapsulation of Immunomodulators onto Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8037
Author(s):  
Akshita Chauhan ◽  
Tabassum Khan ◽  
Abdelwahab Omri
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Clearance ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Plasmonic Effect ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapeutic

The aim of cancer immunotherapy is to reactivate autoimmune responses to combat cancer cells. To stimulate the immune system, immunomodulators, such as adjuvants, cytokines, vaccines, and checkpoint inhibitors, are extensively designed and studied. Immunomodulators have several drawbacks, such as drug instability, limited half-life, rapid drug clearance, and uncontrolled immune responses when used directly in cancer immunotherapy. Several strategies have been used to overcome these limitations. A simple and effective approach is the loading of immunomodulators onto gold-based nanoparticles (GNPs). As gold is highly biocompatible, GNPs can be administered intravenously, which aids in increasing cancer cell permeability and retention time. Various gold nanoplatforms, including nanospheres, nanoshells, nanorods, nanocages, and nanostars have been effectively used in cancer immunotherapy. Gold nanostars (GNS) are one of the most promising GNP platforms because of their unusual star-shaped geometry, which significantly increases light absorption and provides high photon-to-heat conversion efficiency due to the plasmonic effect. As a result, GNPs are a useful vehicle for delivering antigens and adjuvants that support the immune system in killing tumor cells by facilitating or activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This review represents recent progress in encapsulating immunomodulators into GNPs for utility in a cancer immunotherapeutic regimen.

scholarly journals Autophagy-associated immune responses and cancer immunotherapy

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 21235-21246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Pan ◽  
Liuxi Chen ◽  
Yinghua Xu ◽  
Weidong Han ◽  
Fang Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy

scholarly journals Current Vaccine Trials in Glioblastoma: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Xu ◽  
Kevin K. H. Chow ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
Gordon Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Potential Impact

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, average survival remains at about 1.5 years. The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of GBM requires that alternative treatments for this disease be widespread and targeted to tumor cells. Immunotherapy in the form of tumor vaccines has the potential to meet this need. Vaccines against GBM hold the promise of triggering specific and systemic antitumor immune responses that may be the key to eradicating this unrelenting cancer. In this review, we will discuss past and present clinical trials of various GBM vaccines and their potential impact on the future care of GBM patients. There have been many promising phase I and phase II GBM vaccine studies that have led to ongoing and upcoming phase III trials. If the results of these randomized trials show a survival benefit, immunotherapy will become a standard part of the treatment of this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Implantable and Injectable Biomaterial Scaffolds for Cancer Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Yiqian Luo ◽  
Baoqin Li ◽  
Yuanliang Xia ◽  
Hengyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

Cancer immunotherapy has become an emerging strategy recently producing durable immune responses in patients with varieties of malignant tumors. However, the main limitation for the broad application of immunotherapies still to reduce side effects by controlling and regulating the immune system. In order to improve both efficacy and safety, biomaterials have been applied to immunotherapies for the specific modulation of immune cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recently, researchers have constantly developed biomaterials with new structures, properties and functions. This review provides the most recent advances in the delivery strategies of immunotherapies based on localized biomaterials, focusing on the implantable and injectable biomaterial scaffolds. Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying implantable and injectable biomaterial scaffolds in the development of future cancer immunotherapies are discussed.

scholarly journals Roles for the IKK-Related Kinases TBK1 and IKKε in Cancer

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Durand ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Albert Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Iκb Kinase

While primarily studied for their roles in innate immune response, the IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε also promote the oncogenic phenotype in a variety of cancers. Additionally, several substrates of these kinases control proliferation, autophagy, cell survival, and cancer immune responses. Here we review the involvement of TBK1 and IKKε in controlling different cancers and in regulating responses to cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Contribution of Aging, Obesity, and Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy Efficacy and Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. M. Baiden-Amissah ◽  
Sandra Tuyaerts
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cancer immunotherapy has entered the forefront of cancer treatment, but major challenges still exist, such as the limited proportion of patients that respond to treatment and treatment-related toxicity. Therefore, biomarkers to predict which patients will benefit from therapy without major side effects are of the utmost importance. Moreover, novel therapeutic targets to increase the proportion of responding patients on a given immunotherapy or to alleviate immunotherapy-induced toxicity could be a valuable adjunct to immunotherapy treatment. Host factors such as age, obesity, and the composition of the gut microbiome have considerable effects on immune responses and, hence, could have a large impact on the outcome of immunotherapies. Moreover, since these host factors differ considerably between preclinical mouse models and human cancer patients, it might be possible that these host factors account, in part, for the observed discrepancies in outcomes between mice experiments and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the influence of aging, obesity, and the gut microbiome on the anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy and propose avenues to increase our knowledge on this topic in order to improve patient selection for cancer immunotherapy treatment.

scholarly journals Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus delivered by Mesenchymal stem cells-engineered system enhances the therapeutic effects altering tumor microenvironment in a murine papillomavirus tumor model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohsen Keshavarz ◽  
Mir Saeed Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Miri ◽  
Hassan Dianat-Moghadam ◽  
Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Caspase 3

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the most common human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer caused by persistent genital high-risk HPV infection. Cancer immunotherapy has represented great potential as a new promising cancer therapeutic approach. Here, we report Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a carrier for the delivery of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for the treatment of HPV-associated tumor.Methods: For this purpose, MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL mice, then cultured and characterized subsequently by the flow cytometry analysis for the presence of cell surface markers. In this study, we sought out to determine the impacts of MSCs loaded with oncolytic NDV on splenic T cell and cytokine immune responses, caspase-3 and -9 expression, and myeloid and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by histological and immunohistochemical studies in the tumor microenvironment (TME).Results: our findings proved that MSCs possess both migratory capacity and tumor tropism toward transplanted tumor tissue after peritumoral administration. Tumor therapy experiments indicated that oncolytic NDV delivered by MSCs-engineered system significantly reduces tumor growth, which is associated with the enhancement of E7-specific lymphocyte proliferation, CD8+ T cell cytolysis responses, and splenic IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 responses compared with control groups. Moreover, the treatment upregulated the concentration of apoptotic proteins (caspase 3 and 9) and increased infiltration of tumor microenvironment with CD11b+myeloid and Gr1+MDSCs cells.Conclusions: Our data suggest MSCs carrying oncolytic NDV as a potentially effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy through inducing splenic Th1 immune responses and MDSCs expansion in the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Papaioannou ◽  
María del Pilar González-Molina ◽  
Ana M. Prieto-Muñoz ◽  
Laura Gámez-Reche ◽  
Alicia González-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Cancer immunology research has mainly focused on the role of protein-coding genes in regulating immune responses to tumors. However, despite more than 70% of the human genome is transcribed, less than 2% encodes proteins. Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as critical regulators of immune cell development and function, suggesting that they might play important roles in orchestrating immune responses against tumors. In this review, we summarize the scientific advances on the role of ncRNAs in regulating adaptive tumor immunity, and discuss their potential therapeutic value in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document