New Technologies and Employment in the 1980s: From Science and Technology to Macroeconomic Modelling

1988 ◽  
pp. 233-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyer
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Macroeconomic Modelling

scholarly journals Somewhere between art and science

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. C05
Author(s):  
BridA ◽  
Tom Kerševan ◽  
Sendi Mango ◽  
Jurij Pavlica
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Science Concept ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Tight Connection ◽  
Us Technology

There is a fundamental difference between artists, who use science as an object of social examination, and artists, who believe that science represents a component of their expressive style. The idea that different ideological manipulations of the Art&Science concept can cause a distorted view on this fascinating and at the same time controversial relation is becoming clear. In our projects we use different technological and scientific applications; to us technology is an integral part of our artistic expression. The scientific and analytical approach that we use when we investigate and solve various operations within our projects, indicates that our system is based on collective and systematic work and it allows us to understand better the different problems and relations of contemporary society. Art has always played an important role in the system of the communication of ideas and feelings in a tight connection with contemporary society. No wonder that the artist today uses the methods and technologies of modern and sophisticated devices. We are all users of new technologies, developed with the help of scientific discoveries in order to satisfy our needs. Anyway the belief that society borrowed research in the field of science and technology in order to survive is incorrect.

Virtual Witnessing in a Virtual Age

2008 ◽  
pp. 1064-1081
Author(s):  
Steve Woolgar ◽  
Catelijne Coopmans
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Virtual Age ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Technical Capacity

Despite a substantial unfolding investment in Grid technologies (for the development of cyberinfrastructures or e-science), little is known about how, why and by whom these new technologies are being adopted or will be taken up. This chapter argues for the importance of addressing these questions from an STS (science and technology studies) perspective, which develops and maintains a working scepticism with respect to the claims and attributions of scientific and technical capacity. We identify three interconnected topics with particular salience for Grid technologies: data, networks, and accountability. The chapter provides an illustration of howthese topics might be approached from an STS perspective, by revisiting the idea of “virtual witnessing”—a key idea in understanding the early emergence of criteria of adequacy in experiments and demonstrations at the birth of modern science—and by drawing upon preliminary interviews with prospective scientist users of Grid technologies. The chapter concludes that, against the temptation to represent the effects of new technologies on the growth of scientific knowledge as straightforward and determinate, e-scientists are immersed in structures of interlocking accountabilities which leave the effects uncertain.

The Application Prospects Of Superconducting Materials In Household Products Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Shui Sheng Teng ◽  
Jian Jun Pang ◽  
Xiao Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Family Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Household Products ◽  
New Material ◽  
Application Prospects

Superconducting materials are a new kind of high-end technology materials mainly used in the fields of cutting-edge technology and military. However, the superiority of its various aspects is becoming familiar and understood gradually which steps this new material into all areas of the society. In the spirit of "people-oriented" principle, the purpose of every progress in science and technology or in any other field of social development is to accomplish people's all-round development, therefore, new technologies and new materials can always be integrated quickly into our daily life, in which they are improved and developed continuously. Family life is the most important element of people's daily life; therefore, given their superior properties, the wide application of superconducting materials to design household products is an inevitable trend in the future.

scholarly journals PERGESERAN SEMANTIK/SEMANTIC SHIFTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Mahridawati Mahridawati
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Semantic Shift

Semantics in this case take a great role to decipher the meanings of the sign language. In this universe, the signs of language have undergone changes that result in semantic shifting 'semantic shift'. The semantic shift, hereinafter referred to as the change of meaning, is not a coincidence, it is all the causes of the change. The changes that occur in the sign language synergize with the developments that occur in this universe. The development of technology and human culture can not be denied has contributed to the change of meaning. Many signs that initially have no meaning that refers to a particular technology in its development of the mark refers to a particular technology. Changes in the meaning of the sign language is interesting to examine, especially the sign of the language that changed due to the development of science and technology, because with the study writers are motivated to more in search of the initial meaning of the origin of the sign before it developed into a new sign by the cause of new technologies that require naming the technology.

scholarly journals On the Pending Robot Revolution and the Utopia of Human Agency

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Daniel Bodén
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Electronic Data Processing ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
The Future

A hallmark of modernist thought is the belief in science and technology as a socially revolutionary force. Consequently, new technologies have often been sequenced by pictures of another world to be. The birth of electronic data processing (EDP) was no exception. Provoking both hopes and anxieties, EDP and its subsequent process of automation has, ever since the launch of the first electronic data processing machines in the early 1950’s, been a cornerstone for countless extravagant visions of the future, such as the thought of an ever so impending “Robot Revolution”. This article builds from the basic assumption that visions of the future draw on notions of what at a given time is considered socially and politically desirable, unwanted or at all possible. It thus argues that the robot revolution could be studied as a form of reified anticipation through which possible social trajectories are made symbolically comprehensible. Focusing on the automation debate of the Swedish 1950’s, I argue that the robot revolution serves as a symbolic articulation of the social experiences of Swedish welfare society, and that it carries both ideological and utopian dimensions worth examining.

The anti-GMO advocacy: an institutionalist and systems-theoretic assessment

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Valentinov ◽  
Stefan Hielscher ◽  
Sebastian Everding ◽  
Ingo Pies
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Public Debates

Purpose Public debates on the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are strongly influenced by the nongovernmental organization (NGO)-led advocacy, most of which is harshly critical of genetic engineering. This advocacy has resulted in discourse failures marked by the disregard for the scientific consensus on the risks and benefits of GMOs. This paper aims to present a theoretical inquiry into this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on American institutionalism and Niklas Luhmann social systems theory, the paper explains these discourse failures in terms of the problematic relationship between institutions and technology. Findings Clarence Ayres would likely see these discourse failures as a form of “institutional resistance” to the progress of science and technology. In contrast, Marc Tool’s social value principle stresses the importance of democratic legitimation and public acceptance of new technologies, while being sensitive to the possibility of ideologically biased discourses. It is argued that the institutionalist understanding of the interplay between democracy, science and technology would benefit from a better account of Niklas Luhmann’s concept of “complexity reduction”. Social implications The study shows that some NGOs are powerful enough to actively shape, if not manipulate, public attitudes and sentiments against GMOs. Originality/value The case of the anti-GMO advocacy calls for a new conceptualization of how democracy, science and technology fit together.

Framing science and technology in the Canadian press

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna F. Einsiedel
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Science Stories ◽  
The Media ◽  
Images Of Science ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Different Cultures

This paper reports on a content analysis of science coverage in seven major Canadian daily newspapers. The study focused specifically on the images of science promoted in the media via the topics portrayed more frequently, the patterns of source use, and types of news formats. Also examined were the stories' overall tone, the consequences of science presented, and the ways in which processes of science were described. Underlying these descriptions were the theoretical notions of `agenda-setting' and `framing'. Results showed that science and technology stories were not prominent in terms of their frequency and placement. They tended to be hard news stories—that is, they tended to be event-oriented, time-bound reports—and were more often originated by the wire services rather than by local efforts. The majority were medical stories, followed by environmental items. These science stories were predominantly positive in tone. Consequences portrayed tended to vary with type of story; that is, environmental stories were more likely to highlight negative consequences while stories about new technologies in such areas as communications and defence tended to emphasize positive outcomes. Finally, science stories were more likely not to include information on processes of science. Findings are discussed in terms of the different cultures of scientists and journalists, organizational constraints on media workers, and science as a news product.

Dernier cri: Continuity and convergence in technology and luxury

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Houy-Towner
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Moving Force ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Scientific Technology

Historically, luxury relies on new technologies but the connection between luxury and technology is not new. I will illustrate how ritual, wealth, science and technology are embodied in luxury. I will point to ancient archaeological and architectural treasures and will discuss how mining, advanced construction and soldering techniques and the transformation of bronze alloy, for example, represented an integration between the highest levels of taste, craftsmanship and scientific technology. Luxury is modernity and in antiquity we see it as a forward moving force at the highest levels of development. When we think of haute couture, there seems to be nothing in common with say, for example, Hipsters or Silicon Valley engineers. But when we think of technology as a common node, we find that concern with artistry, provenance, the importance of the maker, as well as science, are common denominators. Luxury impacts everyday life and answers to contemporary culture at large.

Foreword

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. v
Author(s):  
Joshua Jortner
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Applied Chemistry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chemistry Community

IUPAC Changing for a New CenturyThe future mission and function of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) must rest on globalization of science and technology, interdisciplinary unification of chemistry, fast expansion of the chemical sciences beyond their traditional boundaries, and mission-oriented service of chemistry. I believe that one of the most important accomplishments of IUPAC during the last two years is the formulation of a Mission Statement and a Strategic Plan based on long-range goals. The present structure of IUPAC precludes the fulfillment of many of its central scientific functions, as reflected in organizational fragmentation and resulting hindrance in the inception and conduct of horizontal interdisciplinary projects. An integrated program for changes in the organization of the Union's scientific work was approved by IUPAC's Bureau, whose objectives are to improve quality, relevance, international impact, and effectiveness of IUPAC's scientific work. This integrated holistic program rests on major changes in the responsibilities of the Divisions, in project evaluation, and in the future function of the Commissions. Most parts of the program are well underway. The IUPAC Council in its Meeting in Berlin (August 1999) has undertaken additional steps to enable the new program to operate effectively. By deciding not to extend the current thirty- seven IUPAC Commissions beyond the end of 2001, the Council revitalized our scientific activities, ensured the selection of only high-quality projects to bear IUPAC's label, and encouraged the participation of the worldwide chemistry community. These steps are essential for shaping IUPAC's contribution into the 21st century.The scientific core activities of IUPAC will rest on the principles of quality, relevance, impact on broad fields, merging of science and technology, international dimensions, openness, and communication. New research fields, where the activity is truly international, are expected to contribute to high-quality, significant scientific developments and to constitute the cutting edge for new technologies. IUPAC became involved in the identification, characterization, and recommendation of novel research directions by the organization of conferences, with the involvement of the world scientific leadership, on New Directions in Chemistry. It is a great pleasure and privilege to announce that this enterprise has been successfully inaugurated with a Workshop on Advanced Materials: Nanostructured Systems, held 14 -18 July 1999 in Hong Kong. The entire world chemistry community owes a debt of gratitude to the International Organizing Committee and its Chairman, Professor Mostafa El-Sayed, for seizing an initiative to promote this important area of emerging science and technology, and for shaping an outstanding program that reflects the current status of the field and its international participation and appeal. It is fitting that IUPAC should also seek to promote this important subject through publication of a special topic issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry, devoted exclusively to a collection of review articles and research papers based upon presentations made at the Workshop. Those delegates who contributed to this issue deserve credit for their willingness to share their results and insights with a wider audience. Joshua JortnerIUPAC Past President

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Zhi-gui He ◽  
Dong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Over the past decade, Multiple systematic reviews and meta- analyses have reported epidemiological associations between colorectal cancer and dietary patterns. while the use of new technologies, such as metabolomics, to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on metabolites and intestinal flora, can provide further insights into the relationship between diet and cancer risk. In this Review, we summarize the current state of the field to assess the impact of various dietary patterns on colorectal cancer risk. Methods This review mainly adopts the literature research method. The references were collected from PubMed and Web of Science, with colon cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, Dietary patterns, Mediterranean Dietary patterns (MED), western Dietary patterns (WD), Plant-based Dietary patterns (PBD), Pro-inflammatory Dietary patterns (PID) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) as the key words, and the publications of the last ten years were collected for analysis. Results The impact of different dietary patterns on colorectal cancer risk may depend on family history, gender, age and other lifestyle and intestinal flora factors. But overall, PBD, MED, DASH, and Antioxidant-rich diets (ARD) can reduce colorectal cancer risk. WD, PID, and  Hyperinsulinaemic diet (HID) may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusions Increasing the proportion of whole fruits, grains, vegetables, olive oil, and fish in the diet, and reducing red and processed meats, fine grains, fruit juices, and alcohol intake can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Funding Sources This work was supported by Guilin Science and Technology Bureau [Science and Technology Breakthrough Project 20,170,103–4]. Zhi-gui He is the corresponding author.

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