Plant Biotechnology and Crop Improvement in China

2007 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology

The production and uses of genetically transformed plants: concluding remarks

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1301) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Transformed Plants ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Transfer Genes ◽  
Biological Methods

This meeting at which the preceding collection of papers were presented occurred on the tenth anniversary of the development of techniques which have laid the foundation for modern plant biotechnology, namely the ability to transfer genes into plants and to direct their expression in appropriate cell types. The contributors have revealed many of the exciting and potentially important applications of gene transfer technology in crop plants arising from these earlier developments, and have also described new approaches which have engendered an ever-widening scope for crop improvement through the application of molecular biological methods. In the past ten years a wide variety of crop plants have been stably transformed, and it is clear that many of the major crops can now be transformed, although with widely different efficiencies.

scholarly journals The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kyetere ◽  
E. Okogbenin ◽  
J. Okeno ◽  
K. Sanni ◽  
J. Munyaradzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Modern Breeding

Africa’s economy is driven by agriculture, a sector that constitutes 32% of the continent’s GDP. The ongoing Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Africa hinges on a system change (from subsistence farming to agribusiness) approach that explores high productivity to strengthen the African economy. During the “Green Revolution” period, increased global yields of cereal crops were achieved through the interactions of breeding and agronomy. However, in the face of current challenges, such as climate change and need for new market niches, there is an increasing exigency to explore modern plant breeding (including biotechnology) to develop new varieties with the capacity for high yields in reduced chemical-input systems and with the genetic diversity needed to maintain yield stability in Africa ́s fluctuating climatic conditions. Biotechnology has significantly shortened the time required for the development of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. Modern breeding tools include Double Haploid technology, marker assisted breeding, genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. It is these tools that help accelerate the development of market responsive varieties needed for sustainable agriculture in Africa that will be highlighted. KEY WORDS: TECHNOLOGY, CROP IMPROVEMENT, GENETICS, MODERN BREEDING TOOLS.

scholarly journals What is Agricultural Biotechnology?

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gallo-Meagher ◽  
Stephen G. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Or Gene

Biotechnology, specifically genetic engineering, is the manipulation of an organism's DNA in order to direct that organism to perform a specific and useful task. This is usually accomplished by transferring a section of DNA, or gene, from one organism to another. In agriculture, plant biotechnology is used for crop improvement. This document is SS-AGR-191, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published May 2003. 

scholarly journals Current achievements in modifying crop genes using CRISPR/Cas system

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Korotkova ◽  
S. V. Gerasimova ◽  
E. K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Product Function ◽  
One Year ◽  
Genome Modifications ◽  
Crop Genome ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Gene Product Function

With the advent of the new genome editing tool of target-specifically customizable endonucleases, a huge variety of novel opportunities have become feasible. The crop improvement is one of the main applications of genome editing in plant science and plant biotechnology. The amount of publications referring to genome editing and CRISPR/Cas system based molecular tools application in crops is permanently growing. The aim of this study is the systematization and cataloging of these data. Earlier we published the first catalog of targeted crop genome modifications as of February 10, 2017. The current review is an update of the catalog; it covers research papers on crop genome modifications from February 10, 2017 to August 17, 2018, found by searching 47 crop names in the Scopus database. Over one year and a half, 377 articles mentioning CRISPR/Cas and crop names have been published, of which 131 articles describe an experimental application of this tool for editing 193 genes in 19 crops, including rice with the largest number of genes modified (109 genes). Editing 50 of 193 genes was aimed at crop improvement. The catalog presented here includes these 50 genes, specifying the cultivars, each gene and gene product function, modification type and delivery method used. The current full list of genes modified with CRISPR/Cas with the aim of crop improvement is 81 in 16 crops (for 5 years from August 2013 to August 2018). In this paper, we also summarize data on different modifications types in different crops and provide a brief review of some novel methods and approaches that have appeared in crop genome editing research over the reviewed period. Taken together, these data provide a clear view on current progress in crop genome modifications and traits improvement using CRISPR/Cas based genome editing technology.

scholarly journals Future of plant biotechnology in crop improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Vishwanath P. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World

Cultivation of crops having multiple durable resistance to diseases and pests will be made easier by plant biotechnology. Transgenes and marker-assisted selection will aid in the development of high yielding crops, which will be needed to feed the world and save land for the conservation of plant biodiversity in natural habitats. The genetic base of crop production will be conserved and further widened by the integration of biotechnology tools in conventional breeding. Utilization of specific genotypes to particular cropping systems will be facilitated. Value-added high quality crops will be obtained through multidisciplinary collaboration among plant breeders, biotechnologists, natural product chemists and other plant scientists. Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 17-20, 2003

Plant biotechnology for crop improvement

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology

Biotechnological approaches for the control of plant morphogenesis and their applications in agriculture

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto J. Crocomo
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cell Genome ◽  
Time Required

As plant biotechnology is an application of cell engineering by which the plant cell genome is manipulated to improve agricultural productivity, leading to increases in production, many fundamental questions related to crop improvement arise, such as (i) how to propagate a great number of plants in a small space and within a shorter period of time; (ii) how to control the reversion to juvenility in forest species; (iii) how to decrease the time required to release new varieties to plant producers; (iv) how to control pests without causing environmental pollution; (v) how to regenerate intact transgenic plants after DNA insertion into protoplasts; (vi) how to transfer genetic characters between incompatible plant species; (vii) how to obtain somaclones resistant to adverse conditions; (viii) identification of the molecular mechanisms governing the processes of plant cell morphogenesis and how to control them to obtain better agricultural performance. Many of these questions are being studied in our laboratory and the results are discussed here.Key words: plant biotechnology, micropropagation, transgenic plants, somaclonal variation, hybrid embryo rescue, plant tissue culture.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Role of the miR156-SPL Network in Plant Development and Stress Response

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Martin Jerome Jeyakumar ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
Wen-Ming Wang ◽  
Muthu Thiruvengadam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Non Coding Rna

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA found in eukaryotic cells that can regulate the expression of many genes at the post-transcriptional level. Among various plant miRNAs with diverse functions, miR156 plays a key role in biological processes, including developmental regulation, immune response, metabolic regulation, and abiotic stress. MiRNAs have become the regulatory center for plant growth and development. MicroRNA156 (miR156) is a highly conserved and emerging tool for the improvement of plant traits, including crop productivity and stress tolerance. Fine-tuning of squamosa promoter biding-like (SPL) gene expression might be a useful strategy for crop improvement. Here, we studied the regulation of the miR156 module and its interaction with SPL factors to understand the developmental transition of various plant species. Furthermore, this review provides a strong background for plant biotechnology and is an important source of information for further molecular breeding to optimize farming productivity.

scholarly journals A phosphate starvation-driven bidirectional promoter as a potential tool for crop improvement and in vitro plant biotechnology

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oropeza-Aburto Araceli ◽  
Cruz-Ramírez Alfredo ◽  
Mora-Macías Javier ◽  
Herrera-Estrella Luis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
Bidirectional Promoter ◽  
In Vitro Plant ◽  
Potential Tool

scholarly journals Q&A: Professor Maurice Moloney

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Freddie Theodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Scientific Papers

Professor Maurice Moloney is the new director and chief executive of Rothamsted Research. He has written more than 80 scientific papers and holds more than 300 patents in plant biotechnology worldwide. Professor Moloney is also a leading authority on plant cell biology, especially seed biology and its biotechnological applications in crop improvement. He is the 12th director of Rothamsted since 1843, succeeding Professor Ian Crute CBE, who retired from the institute in 2009.

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