Resolution and Feature Size Assessment in Soft X-Ray Microscopy Images

2009 ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
M. C. Marconi ◽  
P. W. Wachulak ◽  
C. Brewer ◽  
F. Brizuela ◽  
R. Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microscopy Images

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Feather-Shaped MoS2/CdS Photocatalyst for Effective Hydrogen Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Hongtao Yu ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Shuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Effective Hydrogen ◽  
Better Than

MoS2/CdS photocatalyst was fabricated by a hydrothermal method for H2production under visible light. This method used low toxic thiourea as a sulfur source and was carried out at 200°C. Thus, it was better than the traditional methods, which are based on an annealing process at relatively high temperature (above 400°C) using toxic H2S as reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the morphologies of MoS2/CdS samples were feather shaped and MoS2layer was on the surface of CdS. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy testified that the sample was composed of stoichiometric MoS2and CdS. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra displayed that the loading of MoS2can enhance the optical absorption of MoS2/CdS. The photocatalytic activity of MoS2/CdS was evaluated by producing hydrogen. The hydrogen production rate on MoS2/CdS reached 192 μmol·h−1. This performance was stable during three repeated photocatalytic processes.

Characterizing the Thermomechanical Degradation of a Filled Elastomer by Morphology and X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni F Crosta ◽  
Art J Nelson ◽  
Marina C Camatini
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Structural Domain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
A Value ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Morphological Descriptor ◽  
Microscopy Images

ABSTRACTThree types of debris particles, denoted by L2, H2 and K3 respectively, originated from the abrasion of silica-filled, vulcanized rubber under different test conditions (severity) were analyzed and compared. The structural fractal dimension, DFS, of the particle perimeter was chosen as a morphological descriptor (but not necessarily as an intrinsic property of the fractured material !). Said dimension was estimated by processing light microscopy images. A value of the morphological threshold, TST, which separates the textural from the structural domain in the RICHARDSON plot was determined in order to maximize discrimination between the three particle types and rank them by increasing values of DFS. Particles from the highest severity test (K3) exhibited the highest value of DFS. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided elemental composition, core level binding energies and the speciation of C, N, O, Si and S. As a result, L2 debris was found to originate from two processes: fracture of rubber and segregation of extender oil. Evidence has come both from morphology and XPS. Particles of H2 and K3 were ascribed to fracture alone. Comparison between K3 and the reference material, rasped rubber (RAS), shows the following: a) increase of the [S]/[C] surface atomic concentration ratio from RAS to K3; b) existence of multiple bonding states of S in K3 with energy peaking at 162.9 ± 0.3 eV ([-S-S-]n); c) weak contribution of R-S-O-R oxidized S species in K3 at 165 eV, not seen in RAS; d) no evidence of either SO3 or SO4 groups in any material. Although preliminary, these results prove the ability of morphological analysis and XPS to characterize the surface properties of debris particles non destructively.

Facile Refluxing Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakvipar Chaopanich ◽  
Punnama Siriphannon
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aqueous Mixture ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Microscopy Images

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 by a facile single-step refluxing method using polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a template. The effects of reaction times, pH, and PSS concentration on the HAp formation were investigated. It was found that the crystalline HAp was obtained under all conditions after refluxing the precursors for 3 and 6 h. The longer refluxing time, the greater the crystallinity and the larger the crystallite size of the HAp nanoparticles. The HAp with poor crystallinity was obtained at pH 8.5; however, the well-crystallized HAp was obtained when reaction pH was increased to 9.5 and 10.5. In addition, the X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the presence of PSS template caused the reduction of HAp crystallite size along the (002) plane from 52.6 nm of non-template HAp to 43.4 nm and 41.4 nm of HAp with 0.05 and 0.2 wt-% PSS template, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images of the synthesized HAp revealed the rod-shaped crystals of all samples. The synthesized HAp nanoparticles were modified by l-aspartic acid (Asp) and l-arginine (Arg), having negative and positive charges, respectively. It was found that the zeta potential of HAp was significantly changed from +5.46 to –24.70 mV after modification with Asp, whereas it was +4.72 mV in the Arg-modified HAp. These results suggested that the negatively charged amino acid was preferentially adsorbed onto the synthesized HAp surface.

Analysis of resolution and feature size in extreme ultraviolet microscopy images

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Marconi ◽  
P.W. Wachulak ◽  
C. Brewer ◽  
F. Brizuela ◽  
R. Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Ultraviolet Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Images

scholarly journals Nuclear incorporation of iron during the eukaryotic cell cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1490-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Robinson ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Fucai Zhang ◽  
Christophe Lynch ◽  
Mohammed Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Inhomogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Different Levels

Scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy has been used to probe the distribution of S, P and Fe within cell nuclei. Nuclei, which may have originated at different phases of the cell cycle, are found to show very different levels of Fe present with a strongly inhomogeneous distribution. P and S signals, presumably from DNA and associated nucleosomes, are high and relatively uniform across all the nuclei; these agree with X-ray phase contrast projection microscopy images of the same samples. Possible reasons for the Fe incorporation are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Bioactive Scaffolds through 3D Printing Using Wollastonite–Gelatin Inks

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filis Curti ◽  
Izabela-Cristina Stancu ◽  
Georgeta Voicu ◽  
Horia Iovu ◽  
Cristina-Ioana Dobrita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Microscopy Images

The bioactivity of scaffolds represents a key property to facilitate the bone repair after orthopedic trauma. This study reports the development of biomimetic paste-type inks based on wollastonite (CS) and fish gelatin (FG) in a mass ratio similar to natural bone, as an appealing strategy to promote the mineralization during scaffold incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). High-resolution 3D scaffolds were fabricated through 3D printing, and the homogeneous distribution of CS in the protein matrix was revealed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis (SEM/EDX) micrographs. The bioactivity of the scaffold was suggested by an outstanding mineralization capacity revealed by the apatite layers deposited on the scaffold surface after immersion in SBF. The biocompatibility was demonstrated by cell proliferation established by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy images and confirmed by SEM micrographs illustrating cell spreading. This work highlights the potential of the bicomponent inks to fabricate 3D bioactive scaffolds and predicts the osteogenic properties for bone regeneration applications.

scholarly journals Citrus Extract Modified Graphene Oxide as a Green and Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for the Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2375-2380
Author(s):  
S. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
S. CHIDAMBARA VINAYAGAM ◽  
S. LAKSHMANAN ◽  
S. ARUL ANTONY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imidazole Derivatives ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Citrus Extract ◽  
Microscopy Images

A naturally benign convention was created with a surface change of graphene oxide by citrus extract as catalyst was prepared by a straight-forward chemical modification method. The prepared catalyst′s catalytic activity was examined by the synthesis of imidazole derivatives at room temperature. It shows a strong acidic catalytic and sustainable organocatalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized using different analytical procedures like elemental analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy images (TEM) analysis. The catalytic activity shows high activity and can be reused without significant loss of catalytic activity after five times. A present catalyst works easily under room temperature.

Single-molecule precursor-based approaches to cobalt sulphide nanostructures

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1927) ◽  
pp. 4249-4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Ramasamy ◽  
Weerakanya Maneerprakorn ◽  
Mohammad A. Malik ◽  
Paul O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cobalt Sulphide ◽  
Microscopy Images

Cobalt complexes of 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-2,4-dithiobiuret, [Co{N(SCNMe 2 ) 2 } 3 ] ( 1 ), and 1,1,5,5-tetraisopropyl-2-thiobiuret, [Co{N(SOCN i Pr 2 ) 2 } 2 ] ( 2 ), have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes were used as single-molecule precursors for the preparation of cobalt sulphide nanoparticles by thermolysis in hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or oleylamine. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of as-prepared nanoparticles showed the hexagonal phase of Co 1− x S from complex 1 and mixtures of cubic and hexagonal Co 4 S 3 from complex 2 . Transmission electron microscopy images of material prepared from complex 1 showed spherical and trigonally shaped particles in the size range of 10–15 nm; whereas spheres, rods, trigonal prisms and pentagonally and hexagonally faceted crystallites were observed from complex 2 . This observation is the first of the Co 4 S 3 phase in a nanodispersed form.

scholarly journals Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO Ternary Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Meihuan Yao ◽  
Aiguo Zhou ◽  
Qianku Hu ◽  
Libo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cupric Nitrate ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposites were synthesized via the decomposition of a mixture of Ti3C2 (a novel two-dimensional carbide) and cupric nitrate under an argon atmosphere. The morphology and structures of the obtained samples were characterized. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis indicate that the sample is composed of Ti3C2, anatase-TiO2, and CuO. Scanning electron microscopy images show that CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of Ti3C2. The particles size increased with an increase in the cupric nitrate content. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange shows that the Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposite has good photocatalytic degradation efficiency. A possible photocatalytic mechanism of the Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposites was proposed. The data indicated that CuO and Ti3C2 effectively promote the separation of photoelectrons from vacancies.

scholarly journals Structures of pseudo-decagonal approximants in Al−Co−Ni

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1969) ◽  
pp. 2949-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Hovmöller ◽  
Linus Hovmöller Zou ◽  
Xiaodong Zou ◽  
Benjamin Grushko
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Quasi Crystals ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Microscopy Images

Quasi-crystals shocked the crystallographic world when they were reported in 1984. We now know that they are not a rare exception, and can be found in many alloy systems. One of the richer systems for quasi-crystals and their approximants is Al−Co−Ni. A large series of pseudo-decagonal (PD) approximants have been found. Only two of them, PD4 and PD8, have been solved by X-ray crystallography. We report here the structures of PD1, PD2, PD3 and PD5, solved from the limited information that is provided by electron diffraction patterns, unit cell dimensions and high-resolution electron microscopy images.

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