The Role of the Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry of Tumors in the Selective Retention of Sensitizers and the Mechanisms of Photosensitized Tumor Destruction

1988 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Spikes
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Destruction ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Selective Retention

Selective retention of essential fatty acids: the role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R414-R419 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Xia ◽  
N. Mostafa ◽  
B. G. Bhat ◽  
G. L. Florant ◽  
R. A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Assay Conditions ◽  
Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase

In the suckling rat, chick embryo, and hibernating marmot, fatty acids provide the major source of energy, and despite the high rate of hepatic beta-oxidation, these animals selectively retain long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. To determine whether the hepatic microsomal activity monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) (EC 2.3.1.22) could provide a mechanism to selectively acylate monoacylglycerols that contain essential fatty acids, we tested the ability of MGAT activity from each of the three species to acylate sn-2-monoC18:1-, sn-2-monoC18:2-, sn-2-monoC18:3-, and sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerols. Hepatic MGAT activity acylated sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol and sn-2-monoC18:2-glycerol in preference to sn-2-monoC18:1-glycerol in each of the three different lipolytic animals. MGAT's acyl group specificity could not be explained by invoking differences in membrane fluidity because the apparent affinity for sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerol was not increased. Further, sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol remained a preferred substrate under assay conditions when both the C18:3 and C18:1 species were present in equal amounts. As would be predicted in the presence of high activity of a selective MGAT, the hepatic glycerolipids from neonatal rats showed increases in dienoic, trienoic, and C22:6 fatty acids and relative decreases in monoenoic, saturated, and C20:4 fatty acids. We hypothesize that, during lipolysis, the reacylation of sn-2-monoacylglycerols by MGAT may provide a mechanism by which essential fatty acids are retained within specific tissues.

Fraser John Bergersen AM FAA. 26 May 1929 — 3 October 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
John Brockwell ◽  
Janet I. Sprent ◽  
David A. Day
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Legume Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Csiro Division

Fraser Bergersen rose from humble beginnings in New Zealand to become a leading microbiologist who specialized in the physiology and biochemistry of legume nitrogen fixation. He and his family emigrated to Australia in 1954. Virtually all of his career was spent in Canberra at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Division of Plant Industry. In the 1970s, Bergersen and colleagues achieved worldwide prominence when they elucidated the role of leghaemoglobin in facilitating oxygen diffusion to the Bradyrhizobium bacteroids in soybean nodules and in the nitrogen fixation process itself. During the rest of his working life, Fraser Bergersen contributed greatly to understanding the role of oxygen, the mode of its delivery, and terminal oxidases in all forms of biological nitrogen fixation.

scholarly journals An insight into drought stress and signal transduction of abscisic acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpna Kumari ◽  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Food Needs

The sustainable crop production is one of the major issue in the era of urbanization, industrialization, and globalization. In the environment, there are number of abiotic and biotic factors which are hampering the sustainable production of crops. The drought is one of the constraints which directly/indirectly affects the crop yield. It has various negative effects on the normal physiology and biochemistry of the plants. Therefore, researchers must have to work in the field of developing drought-tolerant crop plants to meet the food needs of the exponentially growing population of the world. The present study is the outcome of an extensive literature survey on the basic perturbations of drought to the crops, role of abscisic acid (ABA) in stressful conditions and its signal transduction.

scholarly journals Glutathione Homeostasis and Functions: Potential Targets for Medical Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Glutathione Homeostasis ◽  
Intracellular Compartmentalization

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to characterize the principal mechanisms of the protective role of GSH against reactive species and electrophiles. The ancillary goals are to provide up-to-date knowledge of GSH biosynthesis, hydrolysis, and utilization; intracellular compartmentalization and interorgan transfer; elimination of endogenously produced toxicants; involvement in metal homeostasis; glutathione-related enzymes and their regulation; glutathionylation of sulfhydryls. Individual sections are devoted to the relationships between GSH homeostasis and pathologies as well as to developed research tools and pharmacological approaches to manipulating GSH levels. Special attention is paid to compounds mainly of a natural origin (phytochemicals) which affect GSH-related processes. The paper provides starting points for development of novel tools and provides a hypothesis for investigation of the physiology and biochemistry of glutathione with a focus on human and animal health.

scholarly journals PRINCIPAL RESEARCH ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT AND BERRIES CROPS WITH IMPROVED ANTIOXIDANTS CONTENT

2011 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M.S. Gins ◽  
V.K. Gins ◽  
A.A. Bayikov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Russian Research

On 25th February, 2011 the jubilee international conference "The Role of Physiology and Biochemistry for Plant Introduction and Breeding of Vegetables, Fruit and Berries Crops and Medicinal Plants» was held in All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production at laboratory of plant physiology and seed research and that was dedicated to 130th anniversary of Prof. Zhegalov's birth; and 80 years since the laboratory of plant physiology and seed research was organized. The major directions of plant physiology and biochemistry research in vegetables, fruit and berries crops that were presented by scientists from the former USSR republics and far abroad were reported in this article.

Quality, Quantity, and Age: The Careers of Ten Distinguished Psychologists

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Total Output ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Success Model ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Consecutive Time ◽  
Productive Output

The longitudinal relationship between quality and quantity of productive output is examined over the careers of ten recipients of the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award. Four alternative models of this relationship-expertise-acquisition, youthful-enthusiasm, peak-age, and constant-probability-of-success-yield distinctive predictions regarding 1) how the ratio of major contributions to total output changes as a career advances and 2) the developmental association between major and minor works over consecutive time periods. The quality of a publication was assessed by the citations it earned in the professional literature. The results endorsed the constant-probability-of-success model (both across and within careers). Not only does confirmation of this model provide support for Campbell's blind-variation-and-selective-retention theory of creative thought, but it additionally has important implications for understanding the role of age and chance in the careers of successful psychologists.

scholarly journals Selective secretion of alternatively spliced fibronectin variants.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 3445-3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Schwarzbauer ◽  
C S Spencer ◽  
C L Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Dimer Formation ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
V Region

We demonstrate that the alternatively spliced variable (V) region of fibronectin (FN) is required for secretion of FN dimers during biosynthesis. Alternative splicing of the V segment of the rat FN transcript generates three subunit variants (V120, V95, V0) that differ by the inclusion or omission of an additional 120 or 95 amino acids. We are exploring the functions of this segment by expressing variant cDNAs in normal and transformed fibroblasts. Like FN itself, the cDNA-encoded polypeptides (deminectins [DNs]) containing the V120 or V95 segment are efficiently secreted as disulfide-bonded homodimers. However, few homodimers of DNs lacking this region, V0 DNs, are secreted. V0 homodimers do form inside the cell, as demonstrated by biosynthetic analyses of dimer formation and secretion using pulse-chase and time course experiments, but these dimers seldom reach the cell surface and are probably degraded intracellularly. Coexpression of V0 and V120 subunits results in intracellular formation of three types of dimers, V0-V0, V0-V120, and V120-V120, but only the V120-containing dimers are secreted. This selective retention of V0 homodimers indicates that the V region is required for formation and secretion of native FN dimers. In an analogous in vivo situation, we show that plasma FN also lacks V0-V0 dimers and consists of V0-V+ and V+-V+ combinations. Dissection of V region sequences by deletion mapping localizes the major site involved in DN dimer secretion to an 18-amino acid segment within V95. In addition, high levels of dimer secretion can be restored by insertion of V into a heterologous site 10 kD COOH terminal to its normal location. We discuss the potential role of intracellular protein-protein interactions in FN dimer formation.

scholarly journals Atherogenic Factors and Their Epigenetic Relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Z. Fernandez ◽  
Andrew L. Siebel ◽  
Assam El-Osta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Histone Modifying Enzymes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process

Hypercholesterolemia, homocysteine, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia have been recognized as the major risk factors for atherogenesis. Their impact on the physiology and biochemistry of vascular cells has been widely demonstrated for the last century. However, the recent discovery of the role of epigenetics in human disease has opened up a new field in the study of atherogenic factors. Thus, epigenetic tags in endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune cells seem to be differentially affected by similar atherogenic stimuli. This paper summarizes some recent works on expression of histone-modifying enzymes and DNA methylation directly linked to the presence of risk factors that could lead to the development or prevention of the atherosclerotic process.

scholarly journals Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Concentrate Using Selective Retention Cell Technology in Posterolateral Spinal Fusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. s-0036-1582609-s-0036-1582609
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhamid Ali Yousef ◽  
Giovanni Andrea La Maida ◽  
Paolo Dionigi ◽  
Bernardo Misaggi ◽  
Valentina Vanessa Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Posterolateral Spinal Fusion

scholarly journals EFA6, Exchange Factor for ARF6, Regulates the Actin Cytoskeleton and Associated Tight Junction in Response to E-Cadherin Engagement

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1134-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Luton ◽  
Stéphanie Klein ◽  
Jean-Paul Chauvin ◽  
André Le Bivic ◽  
Sylvain Bourgoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Exchange Factor ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Darby Canine Kidney ◽  
E Cadherin

We addressed the role of EFA6, exchange factor for ARF6, during the development of epithelial cell polarity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. EFA6 is located primarily at the apical pole of polarized cells, including the plasma membrane. After calcium-triggered E-cadherin–mediated cell adhesion, EFA6 is recruited to a Triton X-100–insoluble fraction and its protein level is increased concomitantly to the accelerated formation of a functional tight junction (TJ). The expression of EFA6 results in the selective retention at the cell surface of the TJ protein occludin. This effect is due to EFA6 capacities to promote selectively the stability of the apical actin ring onto which the TJ is anchored, resulting in the exclusion of TJ proteins from endocytosis. Finally, our data suggest that EFA6 effects are achieved by the coordinate action of both its exchange activity and its actin remodeling C-terminal domain. We conclude that EFA6 is a signaling molecule that responds to E-cadherin engagement and is involved in TJ formation and stability.

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