X-Ray Diffraction Observation of Fracture Surfaces of Ductile Cast Iron

1982 ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces

X-Ray Diffraction Observation of Fracture Surfaces of Ductile Cast Iron

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Machine Parts

X-ray diffraction observation of metal fractures provides fracture analysists with useful information on the mechanisms and mechanical conditions of fracturing. This method is called “X-ray fractography” and has been developed especially in Japan as a new engineering tool for fracture analysis.In the present paper, X-ray fractography is applied to fracture surfaces of ductile cast iron (JIS FCD 60) which are widely used as machine parts. The fracture toughness tests were conducted at ambient and low temperatures by using compact tension (CT) specimens with blunt notches and three-point bending (TPB) specimens with fatigue pre-cracks. The line broadening of X-ray diffraction profiles was measured on and beneath fracture surfaces of fracture toughness specimens.

The Effects of Austempering Temperature and Time on Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron Grade FCD450

2020 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Janthira Chantarach ◽  
Rungsinee Canyook
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Austempering Temperature ◽  
Iron Grade

The purpose of the study was to inspect microstructure, mechanical properties and impact toughness of ductile cast iron grade FCD450 produced by austempering process. The study focused on austempering parameter, which effected impact toughness of material at low temperature. The FCD450 was initially temperature austenized at 885°C (1625˚F) for 2 hours. Austempering was carried out at three different temperatures of 271°C (520˚F), 313°C (560˚F) and 357°C (675˚F). The austempering temperature were varied at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 hours. X-ray diffraction was showed that the austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) microstructure consists of austenite and ferrite. The results showed that when austempered at 357°C (675˚F) for 2.5 hours has highest hardness and impact energy at low temperature. The dimple ductile fracture of ADI fracture surfaces was revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

The Study of Fatigue Behavior of Ductile Cast Iron by Means of X-Ray Fractographic Technique

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Masaki Shinohara ◽  
Ken-ichi Ishikawa ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

X-ray diffraction observation of metal fractures provides fracture analysis with useful information on the mechanisms and mechanical conditions of fracturing. This method is called “X-ray fractography” and has been developed especially in Japan as a new engineering tool for fracture analysis.

X-Ray Study on the Fatigue Fracture Surface of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kishi ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

Austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) lias microstructures that consist of martensite and of retained austenite. ADI has very toughness compared with cast iron heat-treated differently. The retained austenite near fracture surfaces transforms to martensite when fracture occurs.In the present study, X-ray fraetography is applied to fatigue fracture surfaces of ADI. The fatigue tests were carried out on compact tension (CT) specimens. The volume fraction of retained austenite was measured quantitatively and the line broadening of X-ray diffraction profiles was measured on and beneath fatigue fracture surfaces. The depth of the plastic zone left on fracture surfaces was evaluated from line broadening. The results are discussed on the basis of fracture mechanics.

scholarly journals SiMo Ductile Iron Crystallization Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stawarz
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Derivative Analysis ◽  
Clear Identification

Abstract The article presents crystallization process of silicon molybdenum ductile cast iron (SiMo). The alloy with 5% silicon content and with variable amounts of Mo in a range of 0-1% was chosen for the research. The carbon content in the analysed alloys did not exceed 3,1%. The studies of crystallization process were based on thermal - derivative analysis (TDA). Chemical composition of all examined samples was analysed with the use of LECO spectrometer. Additionally, the carbon and the sulphur content was determined basing on carbon and sulphur LECO analyser. For metallographic examination, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS analyser was used. Disclosed phases have been also tested with the use of X-ray diffraction. The results allowed the description of crystallization processes of silicon molybdenum ductile cast iron using thermal - derivative analysis (TDA). Conducted studies did not allow for the clear identification of all complex phases containing molybdenum, occurring at the grain boundaries. Therefore, the further stages of the research could include the use of a transmission electron microscope to specify the description of complex compounds present in the alloy.

The Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Microstructure and Toughness of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Amir Abedi ◽  
S.P.H. Marashi ◽  
K. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Marvastian ◽  
S.M.H. Mirbagheri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Test Impact

In this investigation, the effect of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure and impact energy as a measure of toughness of the austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) was studied. Yblocks were casted from ductile cast iron with following composition: 3.2% C, 2.5% Si, 1.09% Ni, 0.87% Cu, 0.5% Mo and 0.16%Mn. Charpy specimens (un-notched) were machined from the straight part of Y-blocks. All of specimens were heat treated with different conditions. Some of them were austenitized at 900°C for 60 min and then austempered at 250, 300, 350 and 400°C for various durations. Then, hardness test, impact test, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed on the heat treated ductile iron samples. The results reveal the highest impact energy (105 J) for the sample austenitized at 900°C and austempered at 350°C for 150 min. The microstructure of this sample consisted of 28% austenite and broad ferrite needles.

High temperature corrosion behaviour of aluminised FC 25 cast iron using pack cementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somrerk Chandra-Ambhorn ◽  
Neramit Krasaelom ◽  
Tummaporn Thublaor ◽  
Sirichai Leelachao
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Pack Cementation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Seat Insert

Purpose This study aims to apply the pack cementation to develop the Fe-Al layers on the surface of FC 25 cast iron in order to increase the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the alloy. Design/methodology/approach Pack cementation was applied on the surface of FC 25 cast iron at 1,050°C. The bare and aluminised alloys were subjected to the oxidation test in 20 per cent O2-N2 at 850 °C. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for characterisation. Findings The layers of pack cementation consisted of Fe2Al5, FeAl2 and FeAl, and solid solution alloyed with Al. The oxidation kinetics of the bare cast iron was parabolic. Mass gain of the aluminised cast iron was significantly decreased compared with that of the bare cast iron. This was because of the protective alumina formation on the aluminised alloy surface. Al in the Fe–Al layer also tended to be homogenised during oxidation. Originality/value Even though the aluminising of alloys was extensively studied, the application of that process to the FC 25 cast iron grade was originally developed in this work. The significantly reduced mass gain of the aluminised FC 25 cast iron makes the studied alloy be promising for the use as a valve seat insert in an agricultural single-cylinder four-stroke engine, which might be run by using a relatively cheaper fuel, i.e. LPG, but as a consequence requires the higher oxidation resistance of the engine parts.

scholarly journals Revisiting Models for Spheroidal Graphite Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Karsten Bjerre ◽  
Mohammed Azeem ◽  
Peter D. Lee ◽  
Jesper Henri Hattel ◽  
Niels Skat Tiedje
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphite Growth

Recent experiments resolved nucleation and growth of graphite during solidification of ductile cast iron in 4D using synchrotron X-ray tomography. A numerical model for microstructure formation during solidification is compared with the experiments. Despite very good overall agreement between observations of spheroidal graphite growth and model results, significant deviations exist towards the end of solidification. We use the experimental observations to analyse the relation between graphite growth rate and the state of the particle neighbourhood to pinpoint possible links between growth rate of individual graphite spheres and the overall solidification state. With this insight we revisit existing models for growth of spheroidal graphite and discuss possible modifications in order to correctly describe the critical final stage of solidification.

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