Vitrification of High Sodium-Aluminum Wastes: Composition Ranges and Properties

1979 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Brezneva ◽  
A. A. Minaev ◽  
S. N. Oziraner
Keyword(s):  
High Sodium

Soybean proteins counteract heart remodeling in wistar rats fed a high sodium chloride diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
I. G. Kayukov ◽  
O. N. Beresneva ◽  
M. M. Parastaeva ◽  
G. T. Ivanova ◽  
A. N. Kulikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Heart Remodeling

BACKGROUND. Increased salt intake is associated with a number of cardiovascular events, including increased blood pressure (BP) and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, there is much evidence that a high content of sodium chloride in the diet does not always lead to an increase in BP, but almost inevitably causes cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH. Many aspects of myocardial remodeling induced by high sodium content in the food have not been studied enough. THE AIM of the study was to trace the echocardiographic changes in Wistar rats fed the high salt ration and the high salt ration supplemented with soy proteins.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Echocardiography and BP measurements were performed on male Wistar rats, divided into three groups. The first (control; n = 8) included rats that received standard laboratory feed (20.16 % animal protein and 0.34 % NaCl); the second (n = 10) – animals that received standard feed and 8 % NaCl (high salt ration). The third group (n = 10) consisted of rats who consumed a low-protein diet containing 10 % soy protein isolate (SUPRO 760) and 8 % NaCl. The follow-up period was 2 and 4 months.THE RESULTS of the study showed that: (1) the intake of a large amount of salt with a diet does not necessarily lead to the formation of arterial hypertension; (2) despite the absence of a distinct increase in BP, under these conditions signs of cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH, appear rather quickly; (3) supplementing a high-salt diet with soy isolates counteracts the development of LVH.CONCLUSION. High salt intake with food can cause heart remodeling, regardless of blood pressure, while soy proteins can counteract this process.

High Sodium Sensitivity Implicates Nocturnal Hypertension in Essential Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Uzu ◽  
Frida S. Kazembe ◽  
Kazuhiko Ishikawa ◽  
Satoko Nakamura ◽  
Takashi Inenaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Nocturnal Hypertension ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Sensitivity

scholarly journals Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Shubash Shander Ganapathy ◽  
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. Methods MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. Results A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. Conclusion Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.

Wear behavior of polyamide 11 reinforced with titanate nanotubes

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110133
Author(s):  
Ayrton Alef Castanheira Pereira ◽  
José Roberto Moraes d’Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Titanate Nanotubes ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Open Question

Besides polyamide 11 (PA 11) outstanding properties, wear performance is considered a key factor for its continued widespread use. TiTanate NanoTubes (TTNT) have a huge potential as reinforcement in polymer matrix nanocomposites, and although nanotubes reinforcement capacity is well understood, its effect on tribological characteristics is still an open question. Thus, the present work has as objective to study the wear behavior of PA 11 and its nanocomposites, highlighting TTNT loading, functionalization and sodium content effects. Seeking the possibility to tailor properties, surface topography is investigated. Based on parameter classification, correlation and functional sense, an ideal roughness parameter set is defined. By taking measurements in X- and Y-axis, parameter variations and sensibility are also analyzed. From the results, maximum wear resistance can be reached in functionalized samples with low TTNT loading and high sodium content. Some roughness parameters demonstrate a moderate to strong correlation with wear performance. Parameter variations are mainly attributed to the non-stationarity of the surface.

scholarly journals Controlling the Formation of Sodium/Black Phosphorus Intercalation Compounds Towards High Sodium Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Werbach ◽  
Christian Neiss ◽  
Alexander Müllner ◽  
Gonzalo Abellán ◽  
Daria Setman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Content ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
High Sodium

Effect of Prolonged High Sodium Chloride Ingestion and Withdrawal upon Blood Pressure of Dogs.

1951 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wilhelmj ◽  
E. B. Waldmann ◽  
T. F. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Sodium

scholarly journals High Na intake increases renal angiotensin II levels and reduces expression of the ACE2-AT2R-MasR axis in obese Zucker rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (3) ◽  
pp. F412-F419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Samuel ◽  
Quaisar Ali ◽  
Rifat Sabuhi ◽  
Yonnie Wu ◽  
Tahir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

High sodium intake is known to regulate the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. The complex nature of the RAS reveals that its various components may have opposing effects on natriuresis and blood pressure regulation. We hypothesized that high sodium intake differentially regulates and shifts a balance between opposing components of the renal RAS, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-ANG II-type 1 ANG II receptor (AT1R) vs. AT2-ACE2-angiotensinogen (Ang) (1–7)-Mas receptor (MasR), in obesity. In the present study, we evaluated protein and/or mRNA expression of angiotensinogen, renin, AT1A/BR, ACE, AT2R, ACE2, and MasR in the kidney cortex following 2 wk of a 8% high-sodium (HS) diet in lean and obese Zucker rats. The expression data showed that the relative expression pattern of ACE and AT1BR increased, renin decreased, and ACE2, AT2R, and MasR remained unaltered in HS-fed lean rats. On the other hand, HS intake in obese rats caused an increase in the cortical expression of ACE, a decrease in ACE2, AT2R, and MasR, and no changes in renin and AT1R. The cortical levels of ANG II increased by threefold in obese rats on HS compared with obese rats on normal salt (NS), which was not different than in lean rats. The HS intake elevated mean arterial pressure in obese rats (27 mmHg) more than in lean rats (16 mmHg). This study suggests that HS intake causes a pronounced increase in ANG II levels and a reduction in the expression of the ACE2-AT2R-MasR axis in the kidney cortex of obese rats. We conclude that such changes may lead to the potentially unopposed function of AT1R, with its various cellular and physiological roles, including the contribution to the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension.

Effects of dietary salt changes on renal renin-angiotensin system in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. F995-F1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ingert ◽  
Michèle Grima ◽  
Catherine Coquard ◽  
Mariette Barthelmebs ◽  
Jean-Louis Imbs
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Ace Activity ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Renin (RA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities and angiotensinogen, ANG I, and ANG II levels were measured in the kidney (cortex and medulla) and plasma of Wistar-Kyoto rats on a low-sodium (LS; 0.025% NaCl; n= 8), normal-sodium (NS; 1% NaCl; n = 7), or high-sodium (HS; 8% NaCl; n = 7) diet for 21 days. RA, ANG I, and ANG II levels increased in a manner inversely related to sodium content of the diet in both plasma and renal tissues. The LS diet resulted in a 16-, 2.8-, and 1.8-fold increase in plasma RA, ANG I, and ANG II levels, respectively, compared with those in HS rats. In the renal cortex and medulla, RA, ANG I, and ANG II levels were also increased by diminution of dietary salt content but, in contrast to plasma, ANG II levels increased much more than RA or ANG I levels [5.4 (cortex)- and 4.7 (medulla)-fold compared with HS rats]. In summary, we demonstrated variations of ANG II levels in the kidney during dietary salt modifications. Our results confirm that RA and ACE activity are not the steps limiting intrarenal ANG II levels. Nevertheless, despite RA and ACE activity differences between renal cortex and medulla, ANG I and ANG II levels are equivalent in these two tissues; these results argue against a compartmentalization of RAS in these two intrarenal areas.

scholarly journals Sodium Intake and Incidence of Diabetes Complications in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—Analysis of Data from the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Study (J-EDIT)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Chika Horikawa ◽  
Rei Aida ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Chiemi Kamada ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

This study investigates the associations between sodium intake and diabetes complications in a nationwide cohort of elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65–85. Data from 912 individuals regarding their dietary intake at baseline is analyzed and assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcomes are times to diabetic retinopathy, overt nephropathy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality during six years. We find that mean sodium intake in quartiles ranges from 2.5 g to 5.9 g/day. After adjustment for confounders, no significant associations are observed between sodium intake quartiles and incidence of diabetes complications and mortality, except for a significant trend for an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.039). Among patients whose vegetable intake was less than the average of 268.7 g, hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetic retinopathy in patients in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of sodium intake compared with the first quartile were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.31–2.41), 2.61 (1.00–6.83), and 3.70 (1.37–10.02), respectively. Findings indicate that high sodium intake under conditions of low vegetable intake is associated with an elevated incidence of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

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