The GAL4 System: A Versatile System for the Manipulation and Analysis of Gene Expression

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Caygill ◽  
Andrea H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
System A

The Role of miR-210 in the Biological System: A Current Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Xu Hui ◽  
Hisham Al-Ward ◽  
Fahmi Shaher ◽  
Chun-Yang Liu ◽  
Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
System A ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
A Current

<b><i>Background:</i></b> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a group of non-coding RNAs measuring 19–23 nucleotides in length and are recognized as powerful molecules that regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. miRNAs stimulate the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via direct or indirect mechanisms. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> miR-210 is highly upregulated in cells under hypoxia, thereby revealing its significance to cell endurance. Induction of this mRNA expression is an important feature of the cellular low-oxygen response and the most consistent and vigorous target of HIF. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> miR-210 is involved in many cellular functions under the effect of HIF-1α, including the cell cycle, DNA repair, immunity and inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and macrophage regulation. It also plays an important regulatory role in T-cell differentiation and stimulation.

scholarly journals The REMOTE-control system: a system for reversible and tunable control of endogenous gene expression in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 12256-12269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ho Lee ◽  
Shirley Oghamian ◽  
Jin-A Park ◽  
Liang Kang ◽  
Peter W. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Control System ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
System A

Characterization and regulation of the gene expression of amino acid transport system A (SNAT2) in rat mammary gland

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. E1059-E1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana López ◽  
Nimbe Torres ◽  
Victor Ortiz ◽  
Gabriela Alemán ◽  
Rogelio Hernández-Pando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Amino Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Amino Acid Transport System ◽  
System A ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

Amino acid transport via system A plays an important role during lactation, promoting the uptake of small neutral amino acids, mainly alanine and glutamine. However, the regulation of gene expression of system A [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT)2] in mammary gland has not been studied. The aim of the present work was to understand the possible mechanisms of regulation of SNAT2 in the rat mammary gland. Incubation of gland explants in amino acid-free medium induced the expression of SNAT2, and this response was repressed by the presence of small neutral amino acids or by actinomycin D but not by large neutral or cationic amino acids. The half-life of SNAT2 mRNA was 67 min, indicating a rapid turnover. In addition, SNAT2 expression in the mammary gland was induced by forskolin and PMA, inducers of PKA and PKC signaling pathways, respectively. Inhibitors of PKA and PKC pathways partially prevented the upregulation of SNAT2 mRNA during adaptive regulation. Interestingly, SNAT2 mRNA was induced during pregnancy and to a lesser extent at peak lactation. β-Estradiol stimulated the expression of SNAT2 in mammary gland explants; this stimulation was prevented by the estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI-182780. Our findings clearly demonstrated that the SNAT2 gene is regulated by multiple pathways, indicating that the expression of this amino acid transport system is tightly controlled due to its importance for the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation to prepare the gland for the transport of amino acids during lactation.

The trabecula culture system: a novel technique to study contractile parameters over a multiday time period

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. H1481-H1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. L. Janssen ◽  
S. E. Lehnart ◽  
J. Prestle ◽  
J. C. Lynker ◽  
P. Salfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
System A ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Incorporation Assay ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Ventricular Trabeculae

In the intact heart, various triggers induce alterations in gene expression that impact on contractile function. Because changes in gene expression reflect altered protein expression patterns after 12–48 h, we developed a system in which intact twitching cardiac trabeculae can be studied for multiday periods. Right ventricular trabeculae from pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits were mounted in a sterile, closed muscle chamber. Over the first 48 h, developed force (Fdev) did not significantly change: 102.3 and 98.9% of the initial Fdev was observed after 24 and 48 h, respectively ( n = 8). Also, neither diastolic force, time from peak to 50% relaxation (RT50), nor protein synthesis measured by a [3H]leucine incorporation assay changed significantly over time. Contractile response after >48 h to an increase in extracellular calcium concentration (1.8 to 2.5 mM; Fdevincreased 43.5%, n = 2) or to 1 μM isoproterenol (Fdevincreased 138.6% and RT50decreased 34.9%, n = 2) was similar to those observed in freshly dissected preparations. In conclusion, this system can investigate contractile function of multicellular preparations under well-defined physiological conditions after events that alter gene and consequent protein expression.

scholarly journals The GAIT system: a gatekeeper of inflammatory gene expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Jie Jia ◽  
Abul Arif ◽  
Partho Sarothi Ray ◽  
Paul L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
System A

scholarly journals What are "ecogenomic sensors?" A review and thoughts for the future

Ocean Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Scholin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
International Group ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
System A ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The OceanSensors08 workshop held 31 March–4 April 2008 in Warnemünde, Germany, brought together an international group of marine scientists, sensor developers and technologists with a common interest in shaping the future of ocean sensing. In preparation for that meeting a series of review papers was commissioned, one of which was meant to cover Sensors for Ocean-omics. The "ocean-omics" topic was cast very broadly. The notion was to review use of genetic techniques for assessing presence and diversity of organisms, their genomic capacity and gene expression, and to provide a prospectus of how such methods could be applied in an autonomous capacity. I chose "ecogenomic sensor" as a descriptor to convey the essence of such a system – a device that integrates genetic level sensing with larger scale environmental characterization. This phrase is derived from workshops refining the US's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and visions for instrument systems that could be deployed on such a network. But what exactly are ecogenomic sensors? A clear definition is lacking and conceptualizations far outweigh actual hardware that can be deployed in the ocean. This prospectus builds from that point. I advance a definition of "ecogenomic sensor" and outline the opportunities and challenges associated with developing such instruments. Suggestions as to how this technology may be further refined and applied are offered against the backdrop of the Autonomous Microbial Genosensor (AMG) and Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). Applications that center on detection of DNA and RNA are emphasized. The word "review" appears in the title at the request of the editors.

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