The Clinical Use of Molecular Markers as Predictors of Disease Outcome and Response to Therapy in Malignant Melanoma

2007 ◽  
pp. 551-576
Author(s):  
Steve R. Martinez ◽  
Hiroya Takeuchi ◽  
Dave S. B. Hoon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Clinical Use

The Influence of Age on Disease Outcome in 2015 ATA High Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert F.s. van Velsen ◽  
Robin P. Peeters ◽  
Merel T. Stegenga ◽  
F.j. van Kemenade ◽  
Tessa M. van Ginhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Risk Stratification System

Objective Recent research suggests that the addition of age improves the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) Risk Stratification System for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of age on disease outcome in ATA High Risk patients with a focus on differences between patients with papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Methods We retrospectively studied adult patients with High Risk DTC from a Dutch university hospital. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of age (at diagnosis) and several age cutoffs (per five years increment between 20 and 80 years) on (i) response to therapy, (ii) developing no evidence of disease (NED), (iii) recurrence, and (iv) disease specific mortality (DSM). Results We included 236 ATA High Risk patients (32% FTC) with a median follow-up of 6 years. Age, either continuously or dichotomously, had a significant influence on having an excellent response after initial therapy, developing NED, recurrence, and DSM for PTC and FTC. For FTC, an age cutoff of 65 or 70 years showed the best statistical model performance, while this was 50 or 60 years for PTC. Conclusions In a population of patients with High Risk DTC, older age has a significant negative influence on disease outcomes. Slightly different optimal age cutoffs were identified for the different outcomes, and these cutoffs differed between PTC and FTC. Therefore, the ATA Risk Stratification System may further improve should age be incorporated as an additional risk factor.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers for Prostate Cancer in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Sequeiros ◽  
Marta García ◽  
Melania Montes ◽  
Mireia Oliván ◽  
Marina Rigau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Ffpe Tissues ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in developed countries. The decisive method of diagnosis is based on the results of biopsies, morphologically evaluated to determine the presence or absence of cancer. Although this approach leads to a confident diagnosis in most cases, it can be improved by using the molecular markers present in the tissue. Both miRNAs and proteins are considered excellent candidates for biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, due to their stability over long periods of time. In the last few years, a concerted effort has been made to develop the necessary tools for their reliable measurement in these types of samples. Furthermore, the use of these kinds of markers may also help in establishing tumor grade and aggressiveness, as well as predicting the possible outcomes in each particular case for the different treatments available. This would aid clinicians in the decision-making process. In this review, we attempt to summarize and discuss the potential use of microRNA and protein profiles in FFPE tissue samples as markers to better predict PCa diagnosis, progression, and response to therapy.

The Role of Molecular Markers in Predicting Response to Therapy in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Shankaran ◽  
Kari B. Wisinski ◽  
Mary F. Mulcahy ◽  
Al B. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Response To Therapy

scholarly journals Resistance to chemotherapy and hormone therapy in endometrial cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvesh Chaudhry ◽  
Eric Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Number Of Patients

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries and represents the eighth leading cause of cancer related death in women. The growing incidence of endometrial cancer leads scientists and oncologists to identify effective preventive measures and also molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy is the mainstay treatment option for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer and response to therapy is one of the most important factor which favors prognosis and overall survival. In recent years, there have been major advances in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer. Despite advances made in the treatment of this cancer, the overall survival of patients has not significantly improved because considerable number of patients harbor tumor refractory to these therapies and the majority of the initially responsive tumors become refractory to treatments. Therefore, determination of sensitivity/resistance is becoming increasingly important for individualization of endometrial cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the existing knowledge about the molecular markers that could play a crucial role in determining resistance to chemo- and hormone therapy. Extensive literature search for the cell signaling pathways and factors responsible for chemoresistance have been performed and reviewed. Several recent studies suggest that deregulations in the apoptotic pathways (such as p53, Fas/FasL, Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins), survival pathways (PI3K/AKT, MAPK), hormone receptor signaling pathways (progesterone receptor), Cyclooxygenase-2 and Her-2 are considered as key factors involved in the onset and maintenance of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that resistance is a multi-factorial phenomenon.

Personality and disease outcome in malignant melanoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Canada ◽  
Nancy W. Fawzy ◽  
Fawzy I. Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Disease Outcome

scholarly journals Fluorescence biomarkers of malignant melanoma detectable in urine

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-910
Author(s):  
Ivana Špaková ◽  
Katarína Dubayová ◽  
Vladimíra Nagyová ◽  
Mária Mareková
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Small Incidence

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is a cancerous transformation of melanocytes. It is a disease with the worst response to therapy and, compared to other malignancies, presents much earlier with metastases. MM still belongs to relatively late-detected malignant diseases. Even so, the MM mortality rate is up to 96% for a relatively small incidence (5%). The gold standard for MM diagnosis is a histopathological examination that requires invasive surgery. An invasive sampling method of a biological material can be a stressful factor for the patient, which is often the reason why patients do not seek medical assistance as soon as possible. Our goal was to find a link between metabolites in urine and the stage of MM. Two excitation peaks at 360–370 nm and 450 nm were characterised in spectra of urine samples. The emission spectra have shown one significant peak at 410–460 nm. After addition of glutathione reductase to the samples, fluorescence dropped down only in patient samples and hidden fluorophores appeared. Malignant diseases are associated with the presence of specific metabolites that can be detected fluorescently in biological material such as urine, which can be a suitable alternative for an early detection of cancer or for tracking changes during and after treatment.

scholarly journals Buprenorphine Alters Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Molecular Markers in Arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadevappa Hemshekhar ◽  
Vidyanand Anaparti ◽  
Carol Hitchon ◽  
Neeloffer Mookherjee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Buprenorphine is recommended for use as an analgesic in animal models including in murine models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, the effect of buprenorphine on the expression of disease-associated biomarkers is not well defined. We examined the effect of buprenorphine administration on disease progression and the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, in a murine model of CIA. Buprenorphine administration altered the expression of cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-6, and MMP-3, and oxidative markers, for example, iNOS, superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and catalase (CAT), in the CIA mice. As buprenorphine is an analgesic, we further monitored the association of expression of these biomarkers with pain scores in a human cohort of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum MMP-3 levels and blood mRNA expression of antioxidants sod1 and cat correlated with pain scores in the RA cohort. We have demonstrated that administration of buprenorphine alters the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related molecular markers in a murine model of CIA. This caveat needs to be considered in animal experiments using buprenorphine as an analgesic, as it can be a confounding factor in murine studies used for prediction of response to therapy. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes that showed an association with pain scores in the human cohort may be explored as biomarkers for pain in future studies.

Malignant melanoma in childhood: clinical course and response to chemotherapy.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Hayes ◽  
A A Green
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

Malignant melanoma is uncommon in patients less than 20 years of age, and little is known about the response to chemotherapy in this age group. We report here a series of 18 children, of whom ten with metastatic disease were treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dactinomycin. Only two of nine evaluable patients failed to show an objective response to therapy. Five of ten patients treated are alive and free of tumor 12 to 80 months from the start of chemotherapy. Three have been in remission for more than five years. Results suggest that melanoma in this age group may be more responsive to chemotherapy than melanoma in adult patients and that a trial of this therapy in a larger number of children with evaluable disease is warranted.

scholarly journals Genetic Variants of the TERT Gene, Telomere Length, and Circulating TERT as Prognostic Markers in Rectal Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3115
Author(s):  
Enrica Rampazzo ◽  
Erika Cecchin ◽  
Paola Del Bianco ◽  
Chiara Menin ◽  
Gaya Spolverato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tert Gene ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Telomere Erosion

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TERT gene can affect telomere length and TERT expression and have been associated with risk and/or outcome for several tumors, but very few data are available about their impact on rectal cancer. Eight SNPs (rs2736108, rs2735940, rs2736098, rs2736100, rs35241335, rs11742908, rs2736122 and rs2853690), mapping in regulatory and coding regions of the TERT gene, were studied in 194 rectal cancer patients to evaluate their association with constitutive telomere length, circulating TERT mRNA levels, response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and disease outcome. At diagnosis, the rs2736100CC genotype was associated with longer telomeres measured pre-CRT, while the rs2736100CC, rs2736108TT and rs2735940AA were associated with greater telomere erosion evaluated post-CRT. The rs2736108CC and rs2853690AA/GG genotypes, respectively associated with lower telomere erosion and lower levels of circulating TERT post-CRT, were also independently associated with a better response to therapy [OR 4.6(1.1–19.1) and 3.0(1.3–6.9)]. Overall, post-CRT, low levels (≤ median value) of circulating TERT and its stable/decreasing levels compared to those pre-CRT, were independently associated with a better response to therapy [OR 5.8(1.9–17.8) and 5.3(1.4–19.4), respectively]. Furthermore, post-CRT, patients with long telomeres (>median value) and low levels of circulating TERT had a significantly lower risk of disease progression [HR 0.4(0.1–0.9) and 0.3(0.1–0.8), respectively]. These findings suggest that TERT SNPs could be a useful tool for improving the selection of patients who could benefit from CRT and support the role of telomere length and circulating TERT mRNA levels as useful markers for monitoring the response to therapy and disease outcome in rectal cancer patients.

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